Ge Lit - Philippine Lit Module 2

MODULE 2
LIT 1 – PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
Marjorie F. Espina
College of Arts and Sciences
A.Y. 2021-2022 – First Semester
MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
Title: THE LANGUAGE OF POETRY

Topics: 2.1 What is Poetry?
2.2 Types of Poetry
2.3 Elements of Poetry
2.3.1 Rhyme
2.3.2 Imagery
2.3.3 Tone
2.3.4 Diction
2.3.5 Theme
2.4 Poems to read
2.4.1 Pag-ibig Alinsunod sa Pakete ng Tide Ultra by Gilbert
Sape
2.4.2 Child by Conchitina Cruz
2.4.3 Change by Angela Manalang Gloria
2.4.4 The Gods We Worship Live Next Door by Bienvenido N.
Santos
2.4.5 To be a Woman is to Live At a Time of War by Joi
Barrios
2.4.6 Tuwaang Attends a Wedding (A Manuvu Epic) Synopsis
and Translation by E. Arsenio Manuel
2.4.7 Pasyong Mahal ni San Jose by Jose F. Lacaba
2.4.8 The Guerilla is like a Poet by Jose Ma. Sison
Time Frame: 9 hours
Introduction: This module will talk about one of the most powerful literary genres—
poetry. It is often perceived as mysterious and intimidating because its
language both requires imagination and critical thinking. What we tend to forget
is that poetry reflects the voice of the time. It is an art of expression that makes
us feel all sorts of emotions.
Poems are usually brief (a few pages at most), imaginative, lyrical

musings upon experience and observation. The speaker in a poem most often
reflects an image or a situation or occurrence that yields a theme. The simplest
and most direct joy of a poem is in hearing the human voice as it brings the
listener some news of the world, some “message in a bottle” regarding the
poet’s corner of the world, offering the implied question, “Is it like this, too, in
your corner?”
We will have a little bit of time travelling in this module because after
knowing its meaning and elements, we will explore some poems in Philippine
history. It would be a very favorable outcome if you’ll appreciate the genre after
this.
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
Objectives: In this module, learners will be able to:

1. Explain the meaning of poetry in their own words;
2. Distinguish the common types of poetry;
3. Analyze poems using the basic elements of poetry;
4. Write their insights about the poem;
5. Compose their own poems and
6. Appreciate the inclusivity and beauty of poetry as an art form.
Pretest: Read the lines below. Would you consider it a poem? Why?
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A friend is a soft ear…..
… a pillow
… a music box
… a helping hand
…a broad shoulder
[Image downloaded from https://www.cleanpng.com/ in July 2020]
The five lines above is what generally considered is a list of poem--obviously because it lists
the description of the term stated in the first line. You could also compose a list of poem using
one of the lines below. Choose one and write a list of poem based on the first line. Think of
images, figures, scenes, that you associate with the word. See Appendix A for rubrics.
A mother is… A song is…
Peace means… Love is…
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Write your poem here:
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Discussions and Learning Activities:
WHAT IS POETRY?
There are as many definitions of poetry as there are poets.
Wordsworth defines poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful
things”. Emily Dickinson said, “If I read a book and it makes my body so
cold no fire can warm me, I know that it is poetry”. These two of the
many characterizations of poetry truly prove the dependence upon the
uniqueness of man’s nature. But how do you go about reading a poem?
It embodies the most It evokes sensory

imaginative expression of impressions.
writing.
POETRY
It is the crystallization in It educates our emotions

language of beauty and and feelings and it allows
musicality of imaginative us to learn and to
of the poet’s thought articulate what we feel.
[Figure 1 gives brief description about poetry.]
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The person who writes a poem is called a poet. The trick of understanding what
the poet is trying to share needs a little effort on our part as readers. We need
to open not only our minds to what the poem means but more importantly,
our hearts to the experiences, insights, and feelings that the poem is
communicating to us. Poetry clarifies these feelings and eventually this
leads to an understanding of what the poem means (Ranalan, Montebon,
Rada, Abellanosa & Leyte, 2013, p.16).
TYPES OF POETRY
THREE GENERAL CLASSIFICATION

OF POETRY
Narrative Poetry
Lyric Poetry
Dramatic Poetry
[Image downloaded from

https://www.cleanpng.com/ in July 2020]
1. Epic is a long narrative poem

NARRATIVE POEMS are poems that tell a recounting the heroic adventures of a
story and which may contain one or two character displaying superhuman
elements of fiction. strength.
2. Ballad is a short narrative poetic

composition usually sung by a singer.
[Table 1 gives brief explanation about the narrative poetry and its two types.]
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1. Sonnet is a fourteen-line poem.
LYRIC POEMS are intense poetic 2. Elegy is a poem for the dead.
compositions telling of a deep emotional 3. Ode is a short poem dedicated to
experience. somebody or something.
4. Song is a short poetic composition
with melody.
[Table 2 gives brief explanation about lyric poems and its most common types.]
DRAMATIC POETRY is a type of poetry 1. Dramatic Monologue is a poem

which may contain one or more dramatic written in the form of a speech of an
elements. individual character; it compresses
into a single vivid scene a narrative
sense of the speaker's history and
psychological insight into his
character.
[Table 3 gives brief explanation about dramatic poetry and its most common type.]
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ELEMENTS OF POETRY
theme
rhyme
meter
diction
tone
[Figure 2 is a poet-tree with its elements.]
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Let’s always remember that poetry is meant to be heard because its sound first gets it
attention. The most common component of poetry is called Rhythm. It is the regular
occurrence of stress and unstressed syllables creating a pattern in the lines of a poem. This
gives the poem its melodious quality. There are two essentials for rhythm, namely meter and
rhyme.
METER
Meter is the measured pattern or grouping of syllables called metric foot according to the
accent and length. A group of metrics it forms a poetic line of our verse. According to the
placement of accent, there is a variety of patterns are feet of which the basics are:
1. Iambic. It contains one unstressed syllable and one stressed syllable.

2. Trochaic. It contains 1 stressed syllable and one unstressed syllable.
3. Pyrrhic. It contains two unstressed syllables.
4. Spondee. It contains too stressed syllables.
5. Dactyl. It contains 1 stressed syllable and to unstressed syllables.
6. Anapest. It contains two unstressed syllables and one stressed syllable.
A line of verse can contain more than one foot. Poetic lines then are classified
according to the number of feet in a line:
Monometer – one foot Pentameter – five feet

Dimeter – two feet Hexameter – six feet
Trimester – three feet Heptameter – seven feet
Tetrameter – 4 feet Octameter – eight feet
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A group of poetic lines or verse is called a stanza. Stanzas may contain one or more
poetic lines and the kind of stanza that the poem i have will depend on the number of lines
found in each stanza.
Couplet – two lines Sestet – six lines

Quatrain – four lines Septet – seven lines
Quintet – five lines Octet – eight line
RHYME
Rhyme is the regular recurrence of similar sounds usually at the end of poetic lines
(end rhyme) or also within one line (internal rhyme). The pattern or sequence in which the
rhyming words occur in a stanza or poem is called the rhyming scheme. To find the rhyme
scheme, the same letter of the alphabet is usually assigned to each similar sound in a stanza.
Example:
Roses are red. (A)

Violets are blue. (B)
I’m out of my head, (A)
just thinking of you. (B)
The poem has an end rhyme because the rhyming words are found at the end of each line.
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IMAGERY
It refers to expression evocative of sense impression found in a poem. Words appeal

to the senses when they call to the reader’s mind the sensations described in the poem.
Imagery then makes an impression or experience more precise and vivid for the reader. The
main quality of these images is their vividness in representing a concrete object and reality.
A poem has usually four imageries:
[Image downloaded from https://www.istockphoto.com/illustrations/woman-looking-in-mirror in July 2020]
If the word suggests an image may be perceived by the eye, it is called VISUAL IMAGERY.
If the word is mainly perceived by the ear, it is called an AUDITORY IMAGE.
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If the word is perceived through the nose, it is called an OLFACTORY IMAGE.
If the poet wants to convey an image that is mainly perceived through touch, that is TACTILE
IMAGE.
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Activity1: Identify that Imagery

Read the poem carefully. Choose three sets of lines that evoke imagery.
Ang Pag-ibig alinsunod sa Pakete ng Tide Ultra
By Gilbert M. Sape
Sabi ko
ayaw kong maglaba sa gabi.

Hindi ko alam kung bakit.
Siguro’y ayaw kong makitang
nakasungaw ang bituin sa ulap
at pinapanood ang bawat kong kusot.
Pero hindi kagabi—

ang totoo,
naglaba ako.
Sinamantala ko ang pangungulimlim

ng bituin sa nangingilid na ulap
at natitiyak ko
maputi ang aking nilabhan
sinunod ko yata ang bawat instruksyon
sa likod ng pakete ng tide ultra:
1. Kunin sa timba ang damdaming

matagal nang ibinabad.
2. Kusutin nang mabuti pabulain…

pabulain upang matiyak
na natatakpan na ng bula
ang mga salitang noon pa sana sinabi
3. at dahil nahuli na sa sikat ng araw

na siyang pagkukulahan,
lagyan na lamang ng clorox
upang kumupas at walang makakita
sa mantsa ni Eros.
4. banlawan
maraming banlaw
at tiyaking maisama sa tubig
ang mga sentimiyento
at panghihinayang.
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5. Ibuhos sa kanal ang tubig

upang makapagtago sa burak
ang mga pagsinta.
6. Isampay sa mahanging lugar

ang nilabhang damdamin
pabayaan itong makahinga
matagal na rin namang
naikubli ito sa baul.
Pagmumuni pagkatapos…
napigaan ko na ang damit
mariin
nakalimutan ko nga lamang
pigaan ang tubig sa aking mata.
Paalam muna.
Samantala’y magpapatuyo muna ako—
ng damit
ng mata
sana’y walang makakita
salamat sa pakete ng tide ultra.
Lines from the poem Type of Imagery
nakasungaw ang bituin sa ulap Visual Imagery

at pinapanood ang bawat kong kusot
1.
2.
3.
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TONE
The next element of poetry is tone. This refers to the mood or attitude of the poet to
his or her subject matter. Intellectual understanding as well as appreciation of the meaning of
the poem can be gleaned from the author's treatment of his or her subject.
Example: Gilbert Sape’s “Ang Pag-ibig Alinsunod sa Pakete ng Tide Ultra” has a melancholic
tone because it talks about the persona’s heartbreak.
DICTION
Another component of poetry is diction. The choice of words in poetry is different from
the words used in other literary works and this is sometimes the factor that makes poetry
difficult to understand. For one, the poet uses figurative language that necessitates
understanding of the denotation and connotation of words.
DENOTATION CONNOTATION
It applies to the literal and dictionary It applies to the figurative meaning that the
meaning of words. word suggests.
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For example, the words home and house have similar denotations or primary
meanings: a home is “a shelter that is the usual residence of a person, family, or household,”
and a house is “a building in which people live.” However, for many, these terms carry different
associations or secondary meanings, also known as connotations. Many people would agree
that home connotes a sense of belonging and comfort, whereas house conveys little more
than a structure (dictionary.com, n.d.)
The language of poetry needs careful study as a poet may use different figures of
speech to convey the poem's message meaningfully and effectively. The most commonly used
figures of speech and literary texts are:
1. Simile. Comparing two objects persons or concepts using as or like.

Example: Her smile is as bright as the sun.
Her smile is like the sun.
2. Metaphor. In direct comparison of two objects, persons or ideas.

Example: A movie is a roller-coaster ride of emotions.
She is the apple of my eye.
3. Personification. Giving human qualities or attributes to inanimate objects.

Example: The stars in the night sky winked at me.
The trees danced back and forth in the wind.
4. Hyperbole. Exaggeration of an idea or experience to height and its effect.

Example: I've told you to clean your room a million times!
I am so hungry I could eat a horse.
5. Symbol. It is an image of something which stands or represents another. When a poet

uses a symbol, he or she is allowing an object to represent or suggest another idea,
usually abstract, that is not readily apparent to the reader.
Example: When a bird is used in poem, it usually represents freedom.
During the EDSA 1 Revolution, the people use the color yellow as a
symbol for hope and purification.
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Activity 2: Identifying Figures of Speech

Read the poem carefully and identify what figure of speech is used in each number.
Child
by Conchitina Cruz
1. His fingers tap the car window

Like rain, and I awake
to sight of sampaguitas.
2. Little ghost of a boy stares at me.
His eyes seem contain
all the life in him, leaving
his body weightless as air.
I roll down the car window
and 3.rush-hour traffic noise
drowns the hum of air-conditioning.
"Ten pesos lang po," he pleads,
holding the sampaguitas
close enough for me to smell.
I search my wallet for change.
My father yells at the boy
to get his arm and his flowers
out of the window 4.I watch
the little ghost disappear
through the rush of cars.
We are both left empty-handed,
the child and I.
I slip the bill into my wallet
and turn to my father,
who checks his speed
then looks ahead.
He orders me to roll up
5. The car window, and I blend
Like a ghost with the silence.
as the scent of sampaguitas fades.
I close my eyes and hear
the first drop of rain
tap the window
like his fingers.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
THEME
The classic meaning of theme is the universal underlying message that the writer
would like to get across in a literary text. However, contemporary critical approaches through
rarely use this word anymore as literary work may lend itself to more than one meaning. It is
then encourage that the reader will explore different ways of approaching a literary work to
discover for themselves a variety of interpretations that the work may offer for them. Limiting
oneself to only one meaning may inhibit one's appreciation of the richness of the experience
found in a literary text.
But if we’ll still apply the classic use of theme in the poem Ang Pag-ibig alinsunod sa
Pakete ng Tide Ultra, the universal message is accepting the hardship in the process of letting
go—there is no shortcut. Acknowledging that you're hurting and channeling it into something
productive can help you redeem yourself.
Activity 3: Identify the Theme

Write the theme of Child by Conchitina Cruz in two to three sentences. See Appendix A for
rubrics.
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REMINDER:
All these components of poetry are usually present in traditional poetry. However, with
the popularity of free verse and experimental verse in modern times, most of these elements,
especially rhyme and rhythm, are hardly considered anymore as important components in the
understanding and evaluation of poetry. The reader of poetry is then encouraged to savor as
much knowledge and appreciation as he can from these literary pieces whether he or she is
reading traditional or modern society. The poetry contained in this module is a mix of ancient
and contemporary poetry in the Philippines. From these representative poems, readers can
come to learn about the Filipino national traditions and aspirations at certain stages of our life
history (Ranalan et al., 2013, p.5).
Activity 4: Read for Insight
What comes to your mind when you hear the word “change? Do you think it is good for a
person to always change?
Change
By Angela Manalang Gloria
I have outgrown them all, and one by one,

These loves I took so mightily to heart
Before you came: the dolls that overran
My childhood hours and taught me fairy art;
The books I ravished by the censored score;
Music that like delirium burned my days;
The golden calf I fashioned to adore
When lately I forsook the golden phrase.
And thus I shall outgrow this love for you.

Sooner or later I shall put away
This jewelled ecstasy for something new.
Brand me not fickle on that fatal day:
Bereft of change that is my drink and bread,
I would not love you now. I would be dead.
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Activity 5: Check your Vocabulary

Circle the word that is closest in meaning to the capitalized word.
1. Outgrown
a. Overcome b. grow too big for c. get tired of
1. Overran
a. Extend beyond b. run over c. fade away
2. Ravished
a. Destroy b. consumed hungrily c. read
3. Delirium
a. Anger b. comatose c. uncontrolled excitement
4. Golden calf
a. Idol b. food c. wealth
5. Fashioned
a. ordered b. formed c. wanted
6. Forsook(forsake)
a. criticized b. abandoned c. appreciated
7. Ecstasy
a. Misery b. happiness c. passion
8. Fickle
a. Steady b. changeable c. permanent
9. Bereft
a. deprived b. oppressed c. in addition
Activity 6: Check your Understanding

Answer each question and write your answers in two-three sentences on the space provided.
See Appendix A for rubrics.
1. Characterize the speaker in the poem. What kind of woman is she?
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2. Discuss the last two lines of the poem. Do you agree with this idea? Why?
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3. Do you think change is good? Why?
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4. What is the theme of the poem?
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Are you familiar with the gods and goddesses of Greek and Roman mythologies? How about
Gods of Asian mythology? Read the poem below to discover how gods can live among us
ordinary beings.
The Gods We Worship Live Next Door

By Bienvenido N. Santos
The gods we worship live next door. They’re brown

and how easily they catch cold sneezing
too late into their sleeves and brandishing
their arms in air. Fear grips us when they frown
as they walk past our grim deformities
dragging with them the secret scent of love
bought by the ounce from gilded shops above
the rotunda of the bright cities.
In the cold months of fog and heavy rains

our gods die one by one and caskets golden
are borne on the hard pavements at even
down roads named after them, across the plains
where all gods go. Oh, we outlive them all,
but there are junior gods fast growing tall.
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Activity 8: Analyzing the Subject

Complete the chart below with characteristics of these “gods.” The first one is done for you.
Description of the gods Meaning of the Description

They live next door. They are ordinary people.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Activity 9: Write Your Insight
In three to five sentences, explain what the poem reveals about the social class of this country.
Why do we tend to worship other people? See Appendix A for rubrics.
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Do you believe that women today are still discriminated? Read the poem below and discover
the problems of women as experienced by the persona.
To be a Woman is to Live At a Time of War

By Joi Barrios
To be a woman
Is to live at a time of war.
I grew up
with fear beside me,
uncertain of a future,
hinged to the men of my life;
father, brother,
husband, son.
I was afraid to be alone.
To be a mother
Is to look at poverty at its face.
For the cruelty of war
Lies not on heads that roll,
But tables always empty.
How does one look for food for the eldest
As a baby sucks at one’s breast?
No moment is without danger.

In one’s own home,
To speak, to defy
Is to challenge violence itself.
In the streets,
Walking at nightfall
Is to invite a stranger’s attack.
In my country
To fight against oppression
Is to lay down one’s life for the struggle.
I seek to know this war.

To be a woman is a never ceasing battle
To live and be free.
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i. Match column A with their meaning in Column B.
Column A Column B
______1. Hinged to the men of my life a. to question the current state of things
______2. Heads that roll b. unending struggle
______3. Tables always empty c. attached to male dominance
______4. To speak, to defy d. dead bodies
______5. A never ceasing battle e. nothing to eat

What are the problems of women that the persona enumerates in the poem? Complete the
table below with these women’s concerns.
Problems/ Concerns of Women Meaning/Implication

Hinged to the men of my life Cannot survive without men
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Activity 13: Write Your Insights
What “war” was alluded to by the poem? Do you believe that women of the 21 st century are
still waging this war? Write your answer in three to five sentences. See Appendix A for rubrics.
To allude something means mentioning something in an indirect way or passing an indirect

reference
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Read the Manuvu Epic, Tuwaang Attends a Wedding translated by E. Arsenio Manuel (See
Appendix B for the copy the text).
Vocabulary: These are Manuvu words found in the epic:

1. Putali: favored and privileged daughter
2. Betel Chew: in Manuvu belief and mythology, the betel chew gives life and strength
3. Monawon. Land of the Maranaw people
4. Kabbuay: beeswax used as a glue
5. Bakabakoy: Witch bird that causes trouble or sicknes
6. Putuvutuvu: Magic comb sused by the diwata
7. Gungutan: An anthrophomorphic figure in Manuvu mythology
8. Anu: Formal term of address
9. Bungbung: Tall grass; has no economic value for the Manuvus
10. Managkilan: A spotted insect that does not bite but keeps its feet in constant
movement
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Activity 15: Identifying Indigenous Beliefs.
Identify some Manuvu beliefs and practices evident in this adventure of Tuwaang. Write your
answer in the chart below.
Manuvu Belief/Practice Implications

1. Chewing of betel leaves The Manuvus believe that the Betel gives life
and strength. Some ethnic tribes also
consider it as a mark of beauty.
Named after its hero, the epic narrates the adventure of Tuwaang. What are the heroic
qualities he displays?
1.
2.
3.
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An epic is a type of narrative poetry that recounts the adventures of a hero.

Two of the most famous epics in the world are homer's masterpieces the
Iliad and the Odyssey, telling the adventures of the respective epic heroes
Achilles and Odysseus. The Philippines can also boast of a lot of epics
which also are a mirror of the culture of the ethnic group that produced
them. The epic of Tuwaang is one such Filipino epic. One of the recently
discovered epics, it reflects the beliefs and practices of the Manuvu tribe.
Who is St. Joseph? How is he regarded in the Christian bible?
Pasyong Mahal ni San Jose

by Jose F. Lacaba
Matay na niyang isipin

ang kabuntisan ng Birhen
anopa’t babaling-baling
walang matutuhang gawin,
ang loob niya’t panimdim.
—PASYON
Pait, katam at martilyo,

ibubulong ko sa inyo
ang masaklap kong sikreto:
hindi ko pa inaano
ay buntis na ang nobya ko.
Ang sabi ng anghel, wala

akong dapat ikahiya,
walang dahilang lumuha;
dapat pa nga raw matuwa
pagkat Diyos ang gumahasa.
Martilyo, katam at pait,

makukuha bang magalit
ng karpintero? Magtiis.
Ang mahina at maliit,
wala raw laban sa langit.
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MODULE 2
Activity 18: Check You Understanding
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
The poem is an allusion to a biblical figure: St. Joseph. Did your perception of St.
Joseph change after reading this poem? Complete the table below by writing the
characteristics of St. Joseph and poetic lines that point out these characteristics.
Characteristics Poetic Lines

Hardworking carpenter Pait, katam, at martilyo
1.
2.
3.
4.
Answer the following questions in two-three sentences. See Appendix A for rubrics.
1. What is the general tone of the poem?
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2. What is St. Joseph’s reaction to the news of angel? What effect did it have on him?
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3. Are you offended by the tone and style of the poem? Why?
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4. What is the message of this poem? Do you agree with it?
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What is a guerilla? What is a poet? Do you think these two persons are similar?
The Guerilla is like a Poet

by Jose Ma. Sison
The guerrilla is like a poet

Keen to the rustle of leaves
The break of twigs
The ripples of the river
The smell of fire
And the ashes of departure.
The guerrilla is like a poet.

He has merged with the trees
The bushes and the rocks
Ambiguous but precise
Well-versed on the law of motion
And master of myriad images.

Enrhymed with nature
The subtle rhythm of the greenery
The inner silence, the outer innocence
The steel tensile in-grace
That ensnares the enemy.
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MODULE 2
He moves with the green brown multitude
In bush burning with red flowers
That crown and hearten all
Swarming the terrain as a flood
Marching at last against the stronghold.
An endless movement of strength

Behold the protracted theme:
The people’s epic, the people’s war.
Activity 21: Check Your Vocabulary
Match column A with Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the spaces
provided before the number.
Column A Column B
____1. Keen a. An indefinitely large number

____2. Rustle b. Not clear
____3. Ripple c. Prolonged
____4. Merge d. Catch, capture
____5. Ambiguous e. Current
____6. Myriad f. Overflowing
____7. Ensnare g. Quick series of small sound
____8. Protracted h. To blend gradually
____9. Precise i. Ground, landscape
____10. Multitude j. Specific
____11. Swarming k. Sharp
____12. Terrain l. Crowd
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MODULE 2
Activity 22: Identifying Imagery
Complete the table below by identifying the type of imagery of the sensory images listed on
the left column. The first is done for you.
Images in the Poem Type of Imagery

1. Rustle of leaves Auditory imagery
2. Break of twigs
3. Ripple of the river
4. Smell of fire
5. Ashes of departure
6. Merged with trees
7. Green brown multitude
8. Brush burning with red flowers
Activity 23: Write Your Insight
Identify two qualities of a guerilla as presented in the poem, Are these qualities the same as
qualities of a poet? Answer in three to five sentences. See Appendix A for rubrics.
1. ___________________________________________________________________
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.________________________________________________________________________
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2. __________________________________________________________________
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.________________________________________________________________________
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MODULE 2
Self-Evaluation:
[Image downloaded from https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/young-author-writer-working-new-

article_8271113.htm in July 2020]
Put a check (✓) on statements you agree with and ( x ) on those you disagree with.
________1. Poetry is written is a written composition that uses paragraphs to express its
message.
________2. I like reading poetry because it mirrors the deep emotions and ideas of the
writer.
________3. A song can also be considered poetry.
________4. Reading poetic compositions encourages me to express myself better.
________5. I like poetry because of its musical rhyme and rhythm.
________6. A poem only expresses deep emotions and does not narrate a story.
________7. A poem is different from other literary types because it uses emotional words.
________8. When I read the poem, I am entertained by the rhythmical arrangement of the
stanzas.
________9. The words of a poem cannot only be understood in its literal sense.
________10. What makes a poem difficult to understand are the images which are
denotative in nature?
30
MODULE 2
Review of Concepts:
Read over again the following important concepts in the language of poetry.
[Image downloaded from https://www.shutterstock.com/search/literature in July 2020]
1. There are as many definitions of poetry as there are poets.

2. Wordsworth defines poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful things”.
3. The person who writes a poem is called a poet.
4. We need to open not only our minds to what the poem means but more importantly,
our hearts to the experiences, insights, and feelings that the poem is communicating
to us.
5. There are three general classifications of poetry: Narrative Poetry, Lyrical Poetry, and
Dramatic Poetry.
6. Narrative Poems are poems that tell a story and which may contain one or two
elements of fiction.
7. Lyric Poems are intense poetic compositions telling of a deep emotional experience.
8. Dramatic Poetry is a type of poetry which may contain one or more dramatic elements.
9. The common elements of poetry include Rhythm, Rhyme, Meter, Tone, Imagery,
Diction, and Theme.
10. The most common component of poetry is called Rhythm. It is the regular occurrence
of stress and unstressed syllables creating a pattern in the lines of a poem.
11. Meter is the measured pattern or grouping of syllables called metric foot according to
the accent and length.
12. A group of poetic lines or verse is called a stanza.
13. Rhyme is the regular recurrence of similar sounds usually at the end of poetic lines
(end rhyme) or also within one line (internal rhyme).
14. Imagery refers to expression evocative of sense impression found in a poem.
15. Tone refers to the mood or attitude of the poet to his or her subject matter.
16. Diction is the choice of words in poetry. It is different from the words used in other
literary works and this is sometimes the factor that makes poetry difficult to understand.
17. The classic meaning of theme is the universal underlying message that the writer
would like to get across in a literary text.
Post-Test: This will be given during the face-to-face session.

31
References:
Denotation versus Connotation (n.d.). In Online Dictionary online. Retrieved from

https://www.dictionary.com/e/denotation-vs-connotation/
Ranalan, R., Montebon, M.C., Rada, M.T., Abellanosa, N., & Leyte, P. (2013). Crossing
boundaries through literature. (pp. 19-39). Davao City. Ateneo de Davao University
Press.
Sape, G. (2012). Ang pag-ibig alinsunod sa pakete ng tide ultra. Retrieved from
https://gewgle.tumblr.com/post/26340281961/ang-pag-ibig-alinsunod-sa-pakete-ng-
APPENDIX A
32
Rubrics for Poem Writing
Category Excellent Good Developing Beginning

4 3 2 1
Focus on The entire poem Most of the Some of the No attempt
Assigned Topic is related to the poem is related poem is related has been
assigned topic to the assigned to the assigned made to
and allows the topic. The poem topic, but a relate the
reader to wanders off at reader does not poem to the
understand one point, but learn much assigned
much more the reader can about the topic. topic.
about the topic. still learn
something about
the topic.
Creativity The poem The poem There is
The poem contains a few contains a few little
contains many creative details creative details evidence of
creative details and/or and/or creativity in
and/or descriptions that descriptions, but the poem.
descriptions that contribute to the they distract The author
contribute to the reader's from the poem. does not
reader's enjoyment. The The author has seem to
enjoyment. The author has used tried to use his have used
author has really his imagination. imagination. much
used his imagination.
imagination.
Spelling and There are no There is one There are 2-3 The final
Punctuation spelling or spelling or spelling and draft has
punctuation punctuation punctuation more than 3
errors in the final error in the final errors in the final spelling and
output. output. output. punctuation
errors.
33
Rubrics for Essay Writing
Features Expert Accomplished Capable Beginner
4 3 2 1
Quality of Piece was written Piece was written in Piece had little Piece had no style
Writing in an an interesting style style or voice. It or voice. It gives
extraordinary and voice. It is gives some new no new
style and voice. It somewhat information but information and
is very informative and poorly organized. very poorly
informative and organized. organized.
well-organized.
Grammar and Virtually no Few spelling and A number of So many spelling,

Organization spelling, punctuation errors, spelling, punctuation and
punctuation or minor grammatical punctuation or grammatical
grammatical errors grammatical errors that it
errors errors interferes with the
meaning
34
Appendix B
35
36
37
38

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MODULE 2

LIT 1 – PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

Title: THE LANGUAGE OF POETRY

Time Frame: 9 hours

Poems are usually brief (a few pages at most), imaginative, lyrical

Objectives: In this module, learners will be able to:

A friend is a soft ear…..

[Image downloaded from https://www.cleanpng.com/ in July 2020]

A mother is… A song is…

Peace means… Love is…

Write your poem here:

Discussions and Learning Activities:

It embodies the most It evokes sensory

It is the crystallization in It educates our emotions

[Figure 1 gives brief description about poetry.]

THREE GENERAL CLASSIFICATION

[Image downloaded from

1. Epic is a long narrative poem

2. Ballad is a short narrative poetic

1. Sonnet is a fourteen-line poem.

DRAMATIC POETRY is a type of poetry 1. Dramatic Monologue is a poem

[Figure 2 is a poet-tree with its elements.]

[Image downloaded from https://www.cleanpng.com/ in July 2020]

1. Iambic. It contains one unstressed syllable and one stressed syllable.

Monometer – one foot Pentameter – five feet

Couplet – two lines Sestet – six lines

[Image downloaded from https://www.cleanpng.com/ in July 2020]

Roses are red. (A)

It refers to expression evocative of sense impression found in a poem. Words appeal

A poem has usually four imageries:

[Image downloaded from https://www.istockphoto.com/illustrations/woman-looking-in-mirror in July 2020]

[Image downloaded from https://www.cleanpng.com/ in July 2020]

If the word is mainly perceived by the ear, it is called an AUDITORY IMAGE.

[Image downloaded from https://www.cleanpng.com/ in July 2020]

If the word is perceived through the nose, it is called an OLFACTORY IMAGE.

[Image downloaded from https://www.cleanpng.com/ in July 2020]

Activity1: Identify that Imagery

Ang Pag-ibig alinsunod sa Pakete ng Tide Ultra

ayaw kong maglaba sa gabi.

Pero hindi kagabi—

Sinamantala ko ang pangungulimlim

sa likod ng pakete ng tide ultra:

1. Kunin sa timba ang damdaming

2. Kusutin nang mabuti pabulain…

3. at dahil nahuli na sa sikat ng araw

5. Ibuhos sa kanal ang tubig

6. Isampay sa mahanging lugar

Lines from the poem Type of Imagery

nakasungaw ang bituin sa ulap Visual Imagery

[Image downloaded from https://www.cleanpng.com/ in July 2020]

[Image downloaded from https://www.cleanpng.com/ in July 2020]

1. Simile. Comparing two objects persons or concepts using as or like.

2. Metaphor. In direct comparison of two objects, persons or ideas.

3. Personification. Giving human qualities or attributes to inanimate objects.

4. Hyperbole. Exaggeration of an idea or experience to height and its effect.

5. Symbol. It is an image of something which stands or represents another. When a poet

Activity 2: Identifying Figures of Speech