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Ge Lit - Philippine Lit Module 2
Ge Lit - Philippine Lit Module 2
Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
Marjorie F. Espina
College of Arts and Sciences
A.Y. 2021-2022 – First Semester
MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
Introduction: This module will talk about one of the most powerful literary genres—
poetry. It is often perceived as mysterious and intimidating because its
language both requires imagination and critical thinking. What we tend to forget
is that poetry reflects the voice of the time. It is an art of expression that makes
us feel all sorts of emotions.
We will have a little bit of time travelling in this module because after
knowing its meaning and elements, we will explore some poems in Philippine
history. It would be a very favorable outcome if you’ll appreciate the genre after
this.
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
Pretest: Read the lines below. Would you consider it a poem? Why?
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… a pillow
… a music box
… a helping hand
…a broad shoulder
The five lines above is what generally considered is a list of poem--obviously because it lists
the description of the term stated in the first line. You could also compose a list of poem using
one of the lines below. Choose one and write a list of poem based on the first line. Think of
images, figures, scenes, that you associate with the word. See Appendix A for rubrics.
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
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WHAT IS POETRY?
There are as many definitions of poetry as there are poets.
Wordsworth defines poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful
things”. Emily Dickinson said, “If I read a book and it makes my body so
cold no fire can warm me, I know that it is poetry”. These two of the
many characterizations of poetry truly prove the dependence upon the
uniqueness of man’s nature. But how do you go about reading a poem?
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
The person who writes a poem is called a poet. The trick of understanding what
the poet is trying to share needs a little effort on our part as readers. We need
to open not only our minds to what the poem means but more importantly,
our hearts to the experiences, insights, and feelings that the poem is
communicating to us. Poetry clarifies these feelings and eventually this
leads to an understanding of what the poem means (Ranalan, Montebon,
Rada, Abellanosa & Leyte, 2013, p.16).
TYPES OF POETRY
Narrative Poetry
Lyric Poetry
Dramatic Poetry
[Table 1 gives brief explanation about the narrative poetry and its two types.]
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
LYRIC POEMS are intense poetic 2. Elegy is a poem for the dead.
compositions telling of a deep emotional 3. Ode is a short poem dedicated to
experience. somebody or something.
4. Song is a short poetic composition
with melody.
[Table 2 gives brief explanation about lyric poems and its most common types.]
[Table 3 gives brief explanation about dramatic poetry and its most common type.]
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
ELEMENTS OF POETRY
theme
rhyme
meter
diction
tone
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
Let’s always remember that poetry is meant to be heard because its sound first gets it
attention. The most common component of poetry is called Rhythm. It is the regular
occurrence of stress and unstressed syllables creating a pattern in the lines of a poem. This
gives the poem its melodious quality. There are two essentials for rhythm, namely meter and
rhyme.
METER
Meter is the measured pattern or grouping of syllables called metric foot according to the
accent and length. A group of metrics it forms a poetic line of our verse. According to the
placement of accent, there is a variety of patterns are feet of which the basics are:
A line of verse can contain more than one foot. Poetic lines then are classified
according to the number of feet in a line:
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
A group of poetic lines or verse is called a stanza. Stanzas may contain one or more
poetic lines and the kind of stanza that the poem i have will depend on the number of lines
found in each stanza.
RHYME
Rhyme is the regular recurrence of similar sounds usually at the end of poetic lines
(end rhyme) or also within one line (internal rhyme). The pattern or sequence in which the
rhyming words occur in a stanza or poem is called the rhyming scheme. To find the rhyme
scheme, the same letter of the alphabet is usually assigned to each similar sound in a stanza.
Example:
The poem has an end rhyme because the rhyming words are found at the end of each line.
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
IMAGERY
If the word suggests an image may be perceived by the eye, it is called VISUAL IMAGERY.
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
If the poet wants to convey an image that is mainly perceived through touch, that is TACTILE
IMAGE.
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
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MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
By Gilbert M. Sape
Sabi ko
4. banlawan
maraming banlaw
at tiyaking maisama sa tubig
ang mga sentimiyento
at panghihinayang.
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
Pagmumuni pagkatapos…
napigaan ko na ang damit
mariin
nakalimutan ko nga lamang
pigaan ang tubig sa aking mata.
Paalam muna.
Samantala’y magpapatuyo muna ako—
ng damit
ng mata
sana’y walang makakita
salamat sa pakete ng tide ultra.
1.
2.
3.
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
TONE
The next element of poetry is tone. This refers to the mood or attitude of the poet to
his or her subject matter. Intellectual understanding as well as appreciation of the meaning of
the poem can be gleaned from the author's treatment of his or her subject.
Example: Gilbert Sape’s “Ang Pag-ibig Alinsunod sa Pakete ng Tide Ultra” has a melancholic
tone because it talks about the persona’s heartbreak.
DICTION
Another component of poetry is diction. The choice of words in poetry is different from
the words used in other literary works and this is sometimes the factor that makes poetry
difficult to understand. For one, the poet uses figurative language that necessitates
understanding of the denotation and connotation of words.
DENOTATION CONNOTATION
It applies to the literal and dictionary It applies to the figurative meaning that the
meaning of words. word suggests.
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
For example, the words home and house have similar denotations or primary
meanings: a home is “a shelter that is the usual residence of a person, family, or household,”
and a house is “a building in which people live.” However, for many, these terms carry different
associations or secondary meanings, also known as connotations. Many people would agree
that home connotes a sense of belonging and comfort, whereas house conveys little more
than a structure (dictionary.com, n.d.)
The language of poetry needs careful study as a poet may use different figures of
speech to convey the poem's message meaningfully and effectively. The most commonly used
figures of speech and literary texts are:
Child
by Conchitina Cruz
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
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MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
THEME
The classic meaning of theme is the universal underlying message that the writer
would like to get across in a literary text. However, contemporary critical approaches through
rarely use this word anymore as literary work may lend itself to more than one meaning. It is
then encourage that the reader will explore different ways of approaching a literary work to
discover for themselves a variety of interpretations that the work may offer for them. Limiting
oneself to only one meaning may inhibit one's appreciation of the richness of the experience
found in a literary text.
But if we’ll still apply the classic use of theme in the poem Ang Pag-ibig alinsunod sa
Pakete ng Tide Ultra, the universal message is accepting the hardship in the process of letting
go—there is no shortcut. Acknowledging that you're hurting and channeling it into something
productive can help you redeem yourself.
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
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MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
REMINDER:
All these components of poetry are usually present in traditional poetry. However, with
the popularity of free verse and experimental verse in modern times, most of these elements,
especially rhyme and rhythm, are hardly considered anymore as important components in the
understanding and evaluation of poetry. The reader of poetry is then encouraged to savor as
much knowledge and appreciation as he can from these literary pieces whether he or she is
reading traditional or modern society. The poetry contained in this module is a mix of ancient
and contemporary poetry in the Philippines. From these representative poems, readers can
come to learn about the Filipino national traditions and aspirations at certain stages of our life
history (Ranalan et al., 2013, p.5).
What comes to your mind when you hear the word “change? Do you think it is good for a
person to always change?
Change
By Angela Manalang Gloria
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
1. Outgrown
a. Overcome b. grow too big for c. get tired of
1. Overran
a. Extend beyond b. run over c. fade away
2. Ravished
a. Destroy b. consumed hungrily c. read
3. Delirium
a. Anger b. comatose c. uncontrolled excitement
4. Golden calf
a. Idol b. food c. wealth
5. Fashioned
a. ordered b. formed c. wanted
6. Forsook(forsake)
a. criticized b. abandoned c. appreciated
7. Ecstasy
a. Misery b. happiness c. passion
8. Fickle
a. Steady b. changeable c. permanent
9. Bereft
a. deprived b. oppressed c. in addition
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2. Discuss the last two lines of the poem. Do you agree with this idea? Why?
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
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MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
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Are you familiar with the gods and goddesses of Greek and Roman mythologies? How about
Gods of Asian mythology? Read the poem below to discover how gods can live among us
ordinary beings.
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
In three to five sentences, explain what the poem reveals about the social class of this country.
Why do we tend to worship other people? See Appendix A for rubrics.
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
To be a woman
Is to live at a time of war.
I grew up
with fear beside me,
uncertain of a future,
hinged to the men of my life;
father, brother,
husband, son.
I was afraid to be alone.
To be a mother
Is to look at poverty at its face.
For the cruelty of war
Lies not on heads that roll,
But tables always empty.
How does one look for food for the eldest
As a baby sucks at one’s breast?
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
Column A Column B
______1. Hinged to the men of my life a. to question the current state of things
______2. Heads that roll b. unending struggle
______3. Tables always empty c. attached to male dominance
______4. To speak, to defy d. dead bodies
______5. A never ceasing battle e. nothing to eat
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
What “war” was alluded to by the poem? Do you believe that women of the 21 st century are
still waging this war? Write your answer in three to five sentences. See Appendix A for rubrics.
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
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MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
Activity 15: Identifying Indigenous Beliefs.
Identify some Manuvu beliefs and practices evident in this adventure of Tuwaang. Write your
answer in the chart below.
Named after its hero, the epic narrates the adventure of Tuwaang. What are the heroic
qualities he displays?
1.
2.
3.
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
MODULE 2
Activity 18: Check You Understanding
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
The poem is an allusion to a biblical figure: St. Joseph. Did your perception of St.
Joseph change after reading this poem? Complete the table below by writing the
characteristics of St. Joseph and poetic lines that point out these characteristics.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Answer the following questions in two-three sentences. See Appendix A for rubrics.
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2. What is St. Joseph’s reaction to the news of angel? What effect did it have on him?
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
3. Are you offended by the tone and style of the poem? Why?
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What is a guerilla? What is a poet? Do you think these two persons are similar?
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
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MODULE 2
The guerrilla is like a poet.
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
He moves with the green brown multitude
In bush burning with red flowers
That crown and hearten all
Swarming the terrain as a flood
Marching at last against the stronghold.
Match column A with Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the spaces
provided before the number.
Column A Column B
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
MODULE 2
Activity 22: Identifying Imagery
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
Complete the table below by identifying the type of imagery of the sensory images listed on
the left column. The first is done for you.
2. Break of twigs
4. Smell of fire
5. Ashes of departure
Identify two qualities of a guerilla as presented in the poem, Are these qualities the same as
qualities of a poet? Answer in three to five sentences. See Appendix A for rubrics.
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2. __________________________________________________________________
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
Prepared by Marjorie F. Espina & Merdolyn B. Canda-Lloren
MODULE 2
Self-Evaluation:
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
Put a check (✓) on statements you agree with and ( x ) on those you disagree with.
________1. Poetry is written is a written composition that uses paragraphs to express its
message.
________2. I like reading poetry because it mirrors the deep emotions and ideas of the
writer.
________3. A song can also be considered poetry.
________4. Reading poetic compositions encourages me to express myself better.
________5. I like poetry because of its musical rhyme and rhythm.
________6. A poem only expresses deep emotions and does not narrate a story.
________7. A poem is different from other literary types because it uses emotional words.
________8. When I read the poem, I am entertained by the rhythmical arrangement of the
stanzas.
________9. The words of a poem cannot only be understood in its literal sense.
________10. What makes a poem difficult to understand are the images which are
denotative in nature?
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
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MODULE 2
Review of Concepts:
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
Read over again the following important concepts in the language of poetry.
APPENDIX A
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
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MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
Spelling and There are no There is one There are 2-3 The final
Punctuation spelling or spelling or spelling and draft has
punctuation punctuation punctuation more than 3
errors in the final error in the final errors in the final spelling and
output. output. output. punctuation
errors.
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
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MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
Rubrics for Essay Writing
4 3 2 1
Quality of Piece was written Piece was written in Piece had little Piece had no style
Writing in an an interesting style style or voice. It or voice. It gives
extraordinary and voice. It is gives some new no new
style and voice. It somewhat information but information and
is very informative and poorly organized. very poorly
informative and organized. organized.
well-organized.
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
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MODULE 2 PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
Appendix B
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
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Lit 1 – Philippine Literature (First Semester, AY 2021-2022)
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