APPLIED GEOMETRY NOTES

LESSON 1

Introduction

Definition;, it is an indispensable element of artistic creation. However, there is still a large possibility to
explore for clothing design. This study discusses the relationship between the features of geometric
form and clothing patterns.

The design of geometric form is widely used in daily life, such as Product Design, Communication Design
and Digital Animation.. This study discusses the relationship between the features of geometric form
and clothing patterns. Through the works of fashion designers analyse the techniques used and the
possibility of development. In order to break the traditional concepts of pattern making and to
dismantle the patterns, the geometric form was used as the basic structure to create a three-
dimensional silhouette. As a result, the clothing would produce visual effects with the movement of
body. The overall design process and creative outcomes contribute researchers different design thinking
for further study and development.

Highlights of drawing

as a means of universal communication // Reflection on the Importance of technical drawing in

Mechanical Engineering

To emphasize the importance of drawing in the history of man, it is necessary that we analyze the
communication needs that man has had, and that due to this he has had to resort to having to express
his thoughts, ideas and emotions through drawing, this drawing expressed by man through history has
been free drawing and technical drawing.

The way in which drawing can express itself in a language mode is to make known graphic images of
things that man has observed throughout his history of his environment, through which ideas and / or
expression of communication can be represented.

For us Mechanical Engineers is very important to know how to express the technical drawing, since by
means of geometry as a material means that uses the drawing uses the straight line for the longitudinal
lines, where the measures of separation and 3d images are fundamental in the construction of the
designs of applied torques, resistance of the materials and the dynamic and static condition in the
operation of turbo machines, evaporators and condensers on a large scale.

[This is the case of a form of free drawing that expresses the feelings of the artist, and that for nothing in
the world is the reality of a need that is not surreal expressed]
LESSON 2

Differences between artistic drawing and technical drawing.

When the man in his beginnings felt the need to express his deepest feelings, he resorted to drawing as
a means of artistic communication, always expressed with a personal approach and with an aesthetic
condition.

When the drawing expressed by an artist does not present the characteristics of the drawing based on
reality, it is because at the moment of painting he wanted to express the drawing as he saw them at the
time, especially focused on the fact of what the current feelings of the artist were like at the moment of
expressing them. We can conclude then under this perspective that the free drawing expressed by the
artists is a form of subjective communication, since by no means the artist tries to give us a clear and
accurate information of the external reality.

Everything is very different in the way of communicating by means of technical drawing, one of the
essential characteristics of technical drawing must be that of being able to express exactly the external
reality by means of technical drawing. For example, when we draw a map, it must express the reality of
the location of its geographical means, but for nothing in the world should express the feeling or the
thought of its author, because if the person who makes the drawing lets express their feelings in the
drawing, can reach to distort the real essence of the objective that the technical drawing intends to
transmit.

The knowledge that teaches us to communicate through technical drawing teaches us not to have the
freedom to make technical drawings to our liking, but rather to draw them based on technical
characteristics, and these in turn are far from being able to express our feelings through technical
drawing.

technical technical drawing adrian.

Importance of technical drawing as a communicating medium within mechanical engineering.

The technical drawing must possess essential characteristics under which it can always express an
engineering reality, with the purpose of making known who are the interested ones of the exact form of
measures and characteristics of the drawn object, in the case of mechanical engineering it can deal with
machines industrial small or large scale.

In essence the importance of technical drawing in mechanical engineering is that if we use it as a means
of communicational expression, since there are no bodies of machines that do not start from the idea of
a previous design or a plane, that the final practitioner he must know how to read so that he can
materialize the idea presented in it.

A clear and simple example of a technical drawing is that expressed within mechanical engineering as a
mechanical drawing, it gives details of the measurements for example of cuts or sections of artifacts or
parts of machinery, exposing their elements components and its fundamental principle.

Conclusion

From the communication needs of the human being arose a branch different from the word, and is
nothing more than the ability he had to draw, once this art was developed in great artists such as:
Picasso, Van Gogh, Da Vinci among others, had to develop another form of drawing, one that did not
express the surreal, but rather the reality of a need for engineering and technology, this was the
technical drawing, emerged to be able to respond to communication needs where what it will reflect
exactly what reality represents, such as exact measurements of the design and construction of
machinery.

This is how today we can see software that simplifies us those tasks such as AutoCAD, so that we
continue at the forefront of accuracy and precision, but without the possible errors that manipulation of
the technical drawing operated by human hands may have.

LESSON 3

Care and uses of drowing instruments

Drafting tools may be used for measurement and layout of drawings, or to improve the consistency and
speed of creation of standard drawing elements. Tools such as pens and pencils mark the drawing
medium. Other tools such as straight edges, assist the operator in drawing straight lines. Various scales
and the protractor are used to measure the lengths of lines and angles, allowing accurate scale drawing
to be carried out! The compass is used to draw arcs and circles. A drawing board was used to hold the
drawing media in place; later boards included drafting machines that sped the layout of straight lines
and angles. Tools such as templates and lettering guides assisted in the drawing of repetitive elements
such as circles, ellipses, schematic symbols and text. Other auxiliary tools were used for special drawing
purposes or for functions related to the preparation and revision of drawings. The tools used for manual
technical drawing have been displaced by the advent of computer-aided drawing, draughting and design
Tools used for drawings

Drafting board

The drawing board is an essential tool. Paper will be attached and kept straight and still, so that the
drawing can be done with accuracy. Generally, different kind of assistance rulers are used in drawing.
The drawing board is usually mounted to a floor pedestal in which the board turns to a different
position, and also its height can be adjustable. Smaller drawing boards are produced for table-top use. In
the 18th and 19th centuries,drawing paper was dampened and then its edges glued to the drawing
board. After drying the paper would be flat and smooth. The completed drawing was then cut free.[4]
Paper could also be secured to the drawing board with drawing pins[5] or even C-clamps. More recent
practice is to use self-adhesive tape to secure paper to the board, including the sophisticated use of
individualized adhesive dots from a dispensing roll. Some drawing boards are magnetized, allowing
paper to be held down by long steel strips. Boards used for overlay drafting or animation may include
registration pins or peg bars to ensure alignment of multiple layers of drawing media.

T-square

A T-square is a straightedge which uses the edge of the drawing board as a support. It is used with the
drafting board to draw horizontal lines and to align other drawing instruments. Wooden, metal, or
plastic triangles with 30° and 60° angles or with two 45° angles are used to speed drawing of lines at
these commonly used angles. A continuously adjustable 0–90° protractor is also in use. An alternative to
the T-square is the parallel bar which is permanently attached to the drawing board. It has a set of
cables and pulleys to allow it to be positioned anywhere on the drawing surface while still remaining
parallel to the bottom of the board. The drafting machine replaces the T-square and triangles.

French Curves Edit

French curves are made of wood, plastic or celluloid. Some set squares also have these curves cut in the
middle. French curves are used for drawing curves which cannot be drawn with compasses. A faint
freehand curve is first drawn through the known points; the longest possible curve that coincides exactly
with the freehand curve is then found out from the French curves. Finally, a neat continuous curve is
drawn with the aid of the French curves
Rulers.

Rulers used in technical drawing are usually made of polystyrene. It is used for drawing lines and
connecting points. Rulers come in two types according to the design of their edge. A ruler with a straight
edge can be used with lead pencils and felt pens, whereas when a technical pen is used the edge must
be grooved to prevent the spread of the ink. A scale ruler is a scaled, three-edged ruler which has six
different scales marked to its sides.

A typical combination for building details is 1:20, 1:50, 1:100, 1:25, 1:75 and 1:125. There are separate
rulers for zoning work as well as for inch units. Today scale rulers are made of plastic, formerly they
were made of hardwood. A pocket-sized version is also available, with scales printed on flexible plastic
strips.

Compass

Compasses are used for drawing circles or arc segments of circles. One form has two straight legs joined
by a hinge; one leg has a sharp pivot point and the other has a holder for a technical pen or pencil.
Another form, the beam compass, has the pivot point and pen holder joined by a trammel bar, useful
when drawing very large radius arcs. Often a circle template is used instead of a compass when
predefined circle sizes are required.

LESSON 4.

Care and Maintenance

It is essential to take proper care of the drafting tools, materials, and equipment. Below are some tips to
properly use and take care of them.

1.Avoid dropping your tools and equipment.

2.Never use measuring tools in cutting paper.

3.Wipe off the surface and edges of triangles and T-squares.

4.Sharpen and store your pencils properly after use.

5.Find or create and organizer where you can hang your measuring tools.
6.Have a separate container for making tools.

7.Keep your drawing sheets in a plastic tube to protect them from a dust and dirt.

8.Never lend or borrow drafting tools and materials if may.

GARMENT MAKING TRADE THEORY.

Garment cutting.

LESSON 1

description.

Boutique designs must have a free-form layout so customers meander around the racks of clothing or
shop's perimeter. Your goal is to encourage customers to enjoy browsing through your merchandise,
rather than making their search as efficient as possible. This means avoiding straight aisle ways that
block other areas of the store from view. Smaller, round racks combined with displays around the
store's perimeter encourage continued browsing. Use focal points such as mannequin displays to
create different sections of the store featuring particular types of products. This strategy will keep
your store from looking cluttered. Change the displays periodically to keep the store interesting for
your customers and to show off seasonal items.

Consider the Checkout

Instead of an unattractive, imposing square counter facing the entryway, create a more welcoming
checkout space in your boutique design. Try placing the desk at an angle in the back corner so you can
see the entryway without staring down customers as they walk in. Use a desk that fits your decor,
such as a bamboo or wicker desk for a natural clothing shop. If your store already has a counter, hang
fabric panels around it to soften its look.

Creating a Boutique Design for the Storefront

Your storefront's appearance will either draw customers in or push them away. Create a facade that
captivates without being gaudy. Because boutiques feature a distinct style of product, your facade
should include distinct touches to give customers a taste of what you sell. For instance, a stainless
steel mosaic creates a high-tech feel for a men's clothing store called Via Seto in Quebec.

Setting the Right Atmosphere

Use the boutique design's small size to your advantage by creating an intimate atmosphere. Soft
lighting, rather than the harsh fluorescent lighting typical of larger stores, will help to create this
atmosphere. Use strategically placed lighting to spotlight products in your displays, illuminating them
from beneath. A high-quality carpet or wood flooring will create a more inviting feel than plain
linoleum tile. Like the storefront, the interior should include distinct touches that add a special flavor
to the store. Via Seto incorporates metallic panels into its interior design, for instance. Consider
adding lavish textures like satin, furniture with an unusual style or furnishings that fit a specific time
period.

LESSON 2

Methods of marking patterns on fabric.

TAGGED WITH MARKING METHODS

Before You Start Sewing

When we are about to start a new project it is so easy to be swept up in thoughts of how beautiful the
fabric feels; the beautiful lines of our chosen style and how we will look and feel when we wear our
beautiful new creation.

Taking a step back to think about preparing the pattern and fabric and the techniques we will need to
use is such a good idea on many levels.

Pattern Preparation

If you need to make a number of alterations, it is a good idea to trace the pattern pieces in your
chosen size on to greaseproof paper. The benefits of doing this are:

your original pattern is preserved (with all sizes in tact)

confusion between different markings for multi sizes can be minimised

seam lines can be marked and grainlines extended

seam allowance widths can be varied if desired

the pattern can be pinned together (along the sewing lines) with the writing side out and tried on to
check the placement of details like necklines, pockets, etc.

alterations for fit can be made

additional pieces can be cut to make pattern matching with a single layer layout easier

Creased patterns affect accuracy so, if your pattern is creased, place it writing side down on your
ironing surface and iron it flat with a warm, dry iron.
Fabric Preparation

If the fabric has been stored for a while and you are not sure if it has been pre-treated, it is worth
washing or steaming it before use. Always make sure that the fabric has been ironed smooth and
creases from storage removed before layout out for cutting.

Tear or pull a thread and cut on the crosswise grain. If the selvages will not lie flat, carefully clip into
them along the length of the fabric so the fabric is not distorted.

Fabric Layout

The key to success with any garment is accuracy in laying out the pattern and cutting the fabric.
Mistakes at this stage will affect how the garment goes together.

Pattern layouts are computer generated to minimise fabric wastage so following the layout as
detailed in the guide sheet for different sizes and fabric widths is usually the best way to go with plain
fabric. However, there are other considerations as well.

If the pattern has been altered resulting in increased width and/or length, this will need to be factored
into the layout as these changes often require additional fabric.

When using patterned fabrics (especially large graphic prints or florals or plaids), consideration also
needs to be given to whether you will have enough additional fabric to place large florals attractively
or match plaids or one-way prints.

If you fall in love with such a fabric, be sure to measure the pattern repeat and allow an additional
repeat for each major pattern piece when you are purchasing.

Using a gridded cutting board is a great help with laying out the fabric on grain, especially when using
loose weave or slippery fabrics.

When folding fabric for a double layout, right sides should be together. This makes marking the fabric
easier. With a single layout, the fabric is placed with right side up. Single layout is usually required
for asymmetrical pieces and pattern pieces are usually placed with the writing side up

There are many different options for holding the fabric in place for cutting. When making my choice, I
consider the number of pattern pieces, the fabric thickness and properties:
LESSON 3

Cutting out.

How many pattern pieces are there?

Will the whole layout fit on my cutting surface?

How thick is the fabric?

Is it stable?

Is it very slippery and difficult to keep in place?

When working with a pattern with lots of pieces, I like to use pins placed within the seam allowances
(to minimise the chance of marking my fabric) and parallel to the cutting edge as I feel this gives me
the best control of the fabric when I am cutting. Pinning in the corners and the centre of curves makes
my cutting much more accurate.

I prefer to pin within the seam allowance and parallel with the seam line. Make sure corners and the
mid point of curves are pinned so they will not move when fabric is being cut.

I prefer to pin within the seam allowance and parallel with the seam line. Make sure corners and the
mid point of curves are pinned so they will not move when fabric is being cut.

However, for garments with less pattern pieces and when using very stable fabrics and some knits, I
use pattern weights. Unless you have extra long pins, weights are also useful when the fabric is very
thick and being cut with a double layout.

Align the selvages and crosswise grain of the fabric. To avoid distortion during the cutting process, roll
the fabric that would extend beyond the cutting surface so it will remain on the table and not fall off
the edge. The fabric can then be rolled at the pinned edge as you work your way along the yardage.

When laying out the pattern pieces, I always use a ruler to measure from grain lines to the selvage or
fold. It is difficult to be sure that a tape measure is actually at a perfect right angle to the edge and
this can result in pieces being cut slightly off grain. The weight of the ruler also helps by holding the
fabric in place for pinning.

For very long pieces, for example a full length skirt or dress and pants, I extend the pattern grainline
from top to bottom. I measure from the grainline to the selvage/fold in the centre of the piece and
anchor it with a pattern weight before repeating the process up and down along the whole length of
the garment to check the grainline with my ruler. The reason I do not pin within the body of the
garment is that I do not like to risk pulling a thread or marking my fabric with a damaged pin. Once
the grainline is held in place it is easier to smooth from the centre and pin around the edges of the
pattern.

Use ruler to align grainline and weights to keep the grain line in place while pinning.

Use ruler to align grainline and weights to keep the grain line in place while pinning.

To place pattern pieces on the fold, I pin the top and bottom edges along the fold first. While holding
the centre of the pattern piece in place, I smooth across to the other side and pin. So that I cannot
pull a thread down the centre of a piece, I do not pin the pattern edge down the folded fabric.

Once all the pattern pieces are in place, cut roughly around each piece. This preliminary step makes it
possible to move the pieces so that you can cut at right angles to your body for greater accuracy. If
the scissors are parallel to your body, the bottom layer will be slightly wider than the upper layer and
this will impact the ease with which the pieces go together during construction and the fit of the
garment.

If for some reason you do not wish to cut all garment pieces at the one time, it is important to check
that all the pieces fit your fabric yardage so that you do not run out of fabric when coming back to cut
additional pieces.

Mark the wrong side of the fabric so that you do not inadvertently cut remaining pieces from the
opposite side to your original pieces.

Use a piece of Washi tape or a hand stitch to indicate the wrong side of the fabric.

Use a piece of Washi tape or a hand stitch to indicate the wrong side of the fabric.

It is never a good idea to leave pattern pieces pinned to fabric for any length of time, especially if you
live in a humid climate. If you find a bent, burred or blunt pin, dispose of it immediately.

Cutting Out

I prefer to use dressmaking shears to accurately cut my pattern pieces. The exception is when I am
cutting straight pieces (waistbands, tab fronts, belt loops, etc) which I cut using a rotary cutter, mat
and ruler.

Dressmaking shears with rotary cutter, mat and ruler.

Dressmaking shears with rotary cutter, mat and ruler.

When cutting bias strips for binding, I also prefer to use a rotary cutter to achieve perfectly straight
edges. I simply measure the length and width of the pattern pieces and cut the bias pieces separately.
Either way, I always cut away from myself while carefully moving the pieces so that I can mostly cut at
right angles to my body. As I am right handed, I keep my left hand flat on the piece so that the fabric
remains on the cutting surface as it is being cut. Left handed sewers would simply reverse this.

If possible, I try to cut directionally with the grain of the fabric (similar to the direction of stay stitching
– see blog post 26th April, 2015 covering Stay Stitching and Edge Stitching).

I have to admit that cutting out is not my favourite part of a project because I find it quite hard on my
back, even though I have a table at the correct height. A discussion with a physio resulted in some
very good advice. When you are standing at the cutting table, very slightly bend your knees and keep
your feet a shoulder width apart. I have tried this and it does make a difference. I hope it works for
anyone else with a similar problem.

Marking the Fabric

To help with accurate piecing of the garment pieces, there are various notches, dots, triangles and
lines on the pattern pieces. These need to be carefully transferred to the wrong side of the fabric.
Never risk using a marking implement on the face side of the garment.

There is a wide range of marking methods and tools. The choice of marking method I use is always
dependant on the fabric, style elements and where the marks need to be placed.

A selection of marking implements - dressmaker's carbon and tracing wheel; tailor's chalk and chalk
wheel; Frixion pen and Sewline mechanical ceramic marking pencil

A selection of marking implements – dressmaker’s carbon and tracing wheel; tailor’s chalk and chalk
wheel; Frixion pen and Sewline mechanical ceramic marking pencil

I believe all pens and pencil markers are best kept for markings in the seam allowances so that there
is no chance that a permanent mark will show on the final garment.

For stable, non slippery fabric, pin marking works very well and is very accurate. It is necessary to
place the pins right before sewing the garment piece as they may leave marks if left in the fabric for
any length of time.

Small snips (no more than 6mm in a 15mm seam allowance) are also a quick and accurate method for
marks at the cut edges. Simply remove the notches when cutting out the fabric and place the tip of
sharp scissors in the middle of each notch and at centre front and centre back edges and make a small
snip. The only drawback with this method is that if the fabric edges are finished before the pieces are
joined together, the clips will disappear.

Chalk markers can be used in both within the seam allowance and in the body of the garment (for
example when marking grain lines, pocket placements, centre front line, etc.).

If the garment has complex elements (unusually shaped pieces, sharp corners or curves) the best and
most accurate marking method is to use dressmaker’s carbon paper and a tracing wheel. Just be sure
to use the palest colour that can be seen on the fabric (I usually stick to white) so that the coloured
lines will not be seen through to the face of the fabric. If you are using an underlining, the marks
should be transferred to this layer which is attached to the main fabric and sewn together – thus
avoiding any possibility of the marks showing on the right side of the garment.

Slide the tracing carbon between the pattern and upper layer of fabric. With a piece of cardboard or
the underside of a rotary cutting mat under the piece, use the tracing wheel to run along all grain,
seam and placement lines and through notches, dots, triangles etc.

Once the first piece of fabric has been marked, carefully remove the pattern and pin the fabric pieces
together. With the carbon paper face up against the bottom layer, trace over the previous marks to
transfer them accurately to the second piece.

In areas where it is necessary for specific construction techniques to see the marks on the right side of
the fabric, thread trace the marks with embroidery floss (one strand is usually sufficient). This is
particularly useful to mark the centre front and grainlines through to the right side which greatly
assists when checking the fit of the garment. The other benefit of hand stitching marks is that they
will not come out of the fabric until you remove them – how many times have we had to get the
pattern out to see a mark that has faded?

Tailor’s tacks using the same embroidery floss are great for placement marks for pleats and tucks.

Marking by hand : L to R - crossed running stitches to mark dots; running stitch parallel to seam to
mark notches; thread tracing to mark dart legs; tailor's tack to mark exact point

Marking by hand : L to R – crossed running stitches to mark dots; running stitch parallel to seam to
mark notches; thread tracing to mark dart legs; tailor’s tack to mark exact point

Marks seen on the right side of the fabric as well.

Marks seen on the right side of the fabric as well.

Whichever method is chosen, it is extremely important to test on a scrap of the fabric to be sure it will
achieve the desired result and not cause unexpected problems.
GARMENT MAKING FOR WOMEN.

Details constractions.

LESSON 1

Control of fullness.

HOW TO CONTROL FULLNESS IN GARMENTS

DARTS

Single Pointed Darts- 1. Mark the dart

2.Fold the dart

3.Start sewing and backstitch

4. Sew to edge and do not backstitch

5. Cut thread and hand tie a knot

6.Press with a Tailor's ham

Double Pointed Darts-

1.Mark the dart

2.Fold the dart

3. Start in the middle of the dart and backstitch one way

4. Sew to edge and do not backstitch

5. Cut thread and hand tie a knot

6. Repeat for other half of dart

7. Press with Tailor's ham

LESSON 2
CASING

SELF CASING

1. Turn fabric, right sides together, into a cylinder and sew 5/8 seam

2. Press seam open

3. Fold 1/4 in

4. Press

5. Fold over 1 1/4 in more

6. Press

7. Sew around the fabric you folded at the top

8. Sew around the bottom of the part you folded and leave a hole where the seam is for elastic

APPLIED CASING

1. Take smaller fabric and fold under 1/4 in on both sides

2.Press the 1/4 in

3. Sew smaller fabric to larger fabric on one side

4. Sew on the other side and leave a whole in the middle

GATHERS

Gathering

-Soft folds of fabric formed by pulling up basting stitches to make the fabric fit into a smaller space

-Stitch length is longer and you will need to loosen upper tension when you create the small tucks in
the same line

-Usually fabric is gathered into a 1/2 or 1/3 of it's original width

LESSON 3

EASING

Easing

-Allows fabric to be shaped over a curved area of the body.

-Used when one edge of the fabric is only slightly larger than the other

-Should not create any visible folds or gathers

-Used most often at shoulder seams, sleeves, yokes, and waistbands.

-Most common eased seam is a set-in sleeve

HOW TO CONTROL FULLNESS IN GARMENTS

Single Pointed Darts- 1. Mark the dart<BR>2.Fold the dart<BR>3.Start sewing and backstitch<BR>4.
Sew to edge and do not backstitch<BR>5. Cut&nbsp;thread and hand tie a knot<BR>6.Press with a
Tailor`s ham

PATTERN DRAFTING AND GRADING.

LESSON 1

Introduction to pattern drafting.

Definitions of terms.

Pattern drafting is most often associated with apparel. It is a form of drafting used to produce,
through a series of stages, a graded paper pattern for sewing. Using body measurements, a pattern
maker converts individual specifics into a series of straight lines and curves on template paper known
as oak tag. During subsequent stages, those lines and curves determine how the garment is broken
down into sections, cut and tested for fit, and ultimately converted to a reusable pattern. Specific
methods and stages of pattern drafting vary from pattern maker to pattern maker, depending on each
professional's chosen approach, any software used, and if the pattern is intended for eventual mass
production.

Pattern drafting is used to create paper sewing patterns.

Pattern drafting is used to create paper sewing patterns.

A typical pattern drafter starts with a sketch, drawing, or photographic image of a particular article of
clothing. From there, the drafter measures a form or an individual person to facilitate breaking the
garment into sections. Trained pattern makers create an initial template, known as a block or slope,
by first drawing straight lines relevant to specific body measurements and then shaping the template
using curved lines and further measurements. Fabric is cut from the block to form a mock-up. Mock-
ups, also known as muslins in the United States or toiles in

LESSON 2

Concept of pattern drafting

Creating patterns for clothing production is a skilled practice. The detail and technique behind each
pattern ensure that garments are made to specification with a minimal margin of error. Once you’ve
designed your clothing, your sketches will need to be turned into technical drawings before patterns
can be created.

For those who are new to fabric patterns, there are many resources and professionals that can assist
in the process. Sewport provides an easy search function to filter your requirements and find
designers who can take your ideas through to the development stage.

Patterns creation.

There are a number of different methods that professionals use to make commercial patterns, and
despite the conception created by pop culture, not all of these methods include three-dimensional
dress forms. In fact, it's increasingly popular for pattern makers to use computers or even high-end
tablets to make patterns that can be used to cut and assemble real-world men's and women's clothes.

No matter which pattern making tools are employed, the process of pattern development begins
when a designer makes a sketch of a garment that they'd like to make. While this basic sketch is made
with the human form in mind, there are quite a few more steps that need to take place to transform
this initial idea into a garment that will fit a human body.

Where Do People Make Patterns

Most large apparel producers have one or more pattern makers on staff to take care of sewing
construction and other pattern-related tasks. These professionals generally work in the same building
as the company's design staff, but they usually work in individual offices or offices that are shared
with other pattern makers.
LESSON 3

Pattern drafting tools and equipment.

There are various pattern making tools which are vastly used in apparel industry have pointed out in
the below with their function

1.Straight pin holder,

2.Pencils and pens,

3.Rulers,

4.Curve rules,

5.Hanger hooks or ringers,

6.Push pins,

7.Magic mend scotch tape,

8. twill tape,

9.Notcher,

10.Tracing wheels,

11.Awl,

12.Metal weight,

13.Measuring tape,

14.Tailors chalk.

Functions of pattern drafting tools.

1.pencils and pens are used for making marks.

2.Straight pin holder:

Pincushion or magnetic holder which is used for wrist and table.

3. Scissors:

There are different types of scissors such as paper scissor, fabric scissor etc.

4. Pencils and pens:

Mechanical pencil and sharpener which is used for pattern work.

Red and blue colored pencils are used to identify pattern changes. Black, green, red and blue felt tip
pens for pattern information.

5. Rulers:

Tailors square (24 × 14) inch metal ruler with two arms forming a 90® angle that measures, rules and
squares simultaneously.

Also used to triangle with the measurements to square lines.

6. Curve rules:

French curve is one of the several curves used for shaping arm hole and neck line.

7. Hanger hooks or ringers:

It is used to hold the patterns together for hanging on rods.

8. Push pins:

Push pins areused for pattern manipulation. It also prevents pattern slippage when cutting several
plies of paper together.

9. Magic mend scotch tape:

It is used to mend pattern work.

10. Black twill tape:

Black twill tape is used for the placement of style lines on garments.

11. Notcher:

It is used to indicate seam allowance, center line and also to identify front and back of patterns.

12. Tracing wheels:

It is used to transfer pattern shape into paper.

13. Awl:

It is used to indicate the ending of darts, pocket, trim and button hole placements.

14. Metal weight:

Metal weight is used to hold the patterns in place for tracing and marking.

15. Measuring tape:

It is used to measure the size of pattern.

16. Tailors chalk.

Tailors chalk is used for making adjusted seams and style lines.

Drafting practicals.

Questions.

What is pattern?

What is pattern making paper?

What is pattern making?

What do you understand by pattern making tool?

Mention some basic tools for apparel pattern making.

Mention a list of pattern making equipment.

Mention a list of tools and equipment for pattern making.

Pattern drafting: basic tools and their function in clothing or apparel industry.

A guide to pattern making tool: pattern drafting the right way.

Point out the pattern making tool list used in readymade garments industry.