Experiment#01

To study & Analysis of Basic Units of Conversion

Standards and Units:

Physics is an experimental science. Experiments require measurements, and we

generally use numbers to describe the results of measurements. Any number that is
used to describe a physical phenomenon quantitatively is called a physical
quantity.
When we measure a quantity, we always compare it with some reference standard.
When we say that a Ferrari 458 Italia is 4.53 meters long, we mean that it is 4.53
times as long as a meter stick, which we define to be 1 meter long. Such a standard
defines a unit of the quantity. The meter is a unit of distance, and the second is a
unit of time. When we use a number to describe a physical quantity, we must
always specify the unit that we are using; to describe a distance as simply “4.53”
wouldn’t mean anything. To make accurate, reliable measurements, we need units
of measurement that do not change and that can be duplicated by observers in
various locations. The system of units used by scientists and engineers around the
world is commonly called “the metric system,” but since 1960 it has been known
officially as the International System, or SI (the abbreviation for its French name,
System International). SI units as well as definitions of the most fundamental units.

Time:

Time is defined as the continued progess of existence in the past, present and
future. Using unit of time one can measure the existence of events. The SI unit of
time is the second,
Following are the most commonly used units of time:

 Second
 Minute
 Hour
Units of Time

minute 60 seconds
 hour 60 minutes, or 3,600 seconds

day 24 hours, or 86,400 seconds

week 7 days, or 604,800 seconds

month 28-31 days, or 2,419,200-2,678.400 seconds

year 365.25 days, or about 31,557,600 seconds

Length:

Length can be defined as a measurement of the physical quantity of distance.

In the metric system, the SI unit of length is a metre

Some of the other units also include:

 meters 1 Metre (m) = 10 Decimetres (dm) = 100 cm = 1000 mm

 Kilometres 1 kilometre (km) = 1000 m
 Nanometer 1 nanometer= 1 E-9 m
 Millimetres 1 millimeter = 0.001 meter
 centimetres 1 centimeter = 0.01 meter
 decimeters 1 decimeter = 0.1 meter
To get an idea of how big the metric units are, look at the table below

Metric Example

The thickness of a plastic id card or a credit card is about a millimetre

Millimetre
thick

Centimetre A fingernail is about a centimetre wide

Meter A guitar is a meter long

Kilometre The distance between cities is measured in kilometres

Mass

In Physics, mass is a physical property of a body. It is usually a measure of a

body’s resistance to altering its state of motion when a force is exerted. It is
measured by the strength of its mutual gravitational pull to other objects.

The standard unit of mass in the International System (SI) is the kilogram (kg).
Some of the other units also include:

Unit To convert to Conversely,

(and symbol) kilograms, multiply by: multiply by:
metric ton (T) 1000 0.001
gram (g) 0.001 1000
milligram (mg) 10 -6 10 6
microgram (µg) 10 -9 10 9
nanogram (ng) 10 -12 10 12
picogram (pg) 10 -15 10 15

International System of Units

The International System of Units (SI) consists of a set of basic units, compound
units and derived units together with a set of prefixes. It is is based on the metric
system

Basic Units

The seven basic units are listed in the chart below.

Derived/Compound Units

Compound units are created from basic units, but are not given a unique name.
Compound units are also called derived units. Some of the many possible
compound units are listed in the chart below.

Conversions Sample Questions:

1. Convert 0.56 m in cm.

Solution:

We know that 1 m = 100 cm

0.56 = 0.56 × 100 cm

        = 56 cm

2. Convert 4 m 19 cm into m

Solution:

4 m 19 cm = 4 m + 19 cm

                = 4 m + 19/100 m

                = 4 m + 0.19 m

                = 4.19 m
 3. Convert 16 km 750 m into km

Solution:

1km=1000m

16 km 750 m = 16 km + 750 m

                    = 16 km + 750*1000 km

                    = 16 km + 0.75 km

                    = 16.75 km

4. Convert 12 µg 22 ng into kg
Solution:

We know: 1 µg =10 -6 kg, 1ng = 10 -9 kg

12 mg 22 µg=12*10 -6 + 22*10 -9
=
0.000012022 kg

Q1:ANS

For 5 Week = 7 x 5 x 24 x 60 x 60 = 3024000 secs

For 4 Days = 4 x 24 x 60 x 60 = 345600 secs

For 2 Hours = 2 x 60 x 60 = 7200 secs

5 weeks, 4 day, 2 hours = 3024000 + 345600 + 7200 = 3376800 secs.

Q2:ANS

5m , 400 cm = 5m + 400cm/100 = 5m + 4m = 9m

Q3:ANS

6mg to kg = 6 /100000 = 6 x 10-6 kg

4ng to kg = 4/1000000000000 = 4 x 10-12 kg

6ug to kg = 6/1000000000 = 6 x 10-9 kg

3kg, 6mg, 4ng, 6ug = 3 + 6 x 10-6 + 4 x 10-12 + 6 x 10-9

= 3.000006006 kg