Nume: Chirac Buza Bianca Georgiana

Conversie limba engleza

Anul I,seria 6

The Romans in Britain

B.

Rebellion is an act of armed resistance to an governement leader. And is represented by a group

of people wo are trying to change the political system.

The barbarians was a people who lives in Asia steps and they were good fighters aand they
knew the art of swards fabrication.

Splendour- this word represents a stage of grandious culture and education.

Indigenous- or autochthonous peoples, are ethnic groups who are the original or earliest known

inhabitants of an area, in contrast to groups that have settled, occupied or colonized the area
more recently. Groups are usually described as indigenous when they maintain traditions or other
aspects of an early culture that is associated with a given region.

C. Check your facts

1. a)violence

2. Claudius.

3. False

4. c)Iceni

5. Hadrian build a wall in the north of Britain for separates the Roman province from the
barbarian north, and was a visual demonstration of the power of Rome.

6. d) Only common people used coins.

7. False

8. False

9. d. Quite a lot.

D. What do you think?

1. b) stable 2. c) hot-tempered. 3.d) she did not want the Romans to capture them

4. d) The sky in Britain, unlike the Mediterranean, is often grey.

E. Linguistic context

1. a)- 4; b) -5; c)-2; d)-6 ; e)1; f)3

2. Legal business and bureaucracy grew considerably, with lists and

Inventories becoming more common - inventorium (latin term)

Trade and the money economy expanded- commercium(latin term)

English dictionaries and grammars began to be written- thesaurus (latin term)

Medicine began to become more scientific- scientia (latin term)

Education expanded rapidly and became more organized- curriculum (latin term)

Recruitment and applying for jobs became more professional- CV (latin term)

F. Extension activities

1.

 I think the Romans saw things in this way because they have imperial feelings and
conquerors.
 In my opinion the civilization rise up or fallen if its citizens are good or bad people, if
they are get involved in the change of the society.
 Many civilized countries have as their formative basis, the nex technologies, modern
education process and a variety of culture elements.
 Yes, it is a civilized country because the british people respect tha law and they wish a
permanent improvement of a social and professional relation.

2. Hadrian’s Wall—also called the Roman Wall, Picts’ Wall or Vallum Hadriani in Latin, was
a defensive fortification in the Roman province of Britannia, begun in AD 122 in the reign of the
emeror Hadrian.

Ninth Legion of Rome- was a legion of the Imperial Roman army that existed from the 1st
century BC until at least AD 120. The legion fought in various provinces of the late Roman
Republic and early Roman Empire. It was stationed in Britain following the Roman invasion in
43 AD. The legion disappears from surviving Roman records after C. AD 120 and there is no
extant account of what happened to it.

All roads lead to Rome- means that there are various ways to reach a conclusion, many ways to
achieve a goal, and many routes to arrive at a decision. The idea is that there are many methods
to accomplish something, all leading to the same results. The proverb all roads lead to Rome may
be derived from a phrase coined by French poet Alain de Lille in the Middle Ages in 1175: mille
vie ducunt hominem per secula Romam which means a thousands roads lead a man forever
toward Rome.

Rome wasn’t built in a day- Important work takes time. This expression functions as an
injunction or plea for someone to be patient. For example, you can’t expect her to finish this
project in the time alloted.

It suggests that a complex task or great achievement takes time and effort and should not be
rushed.

When in Rome, do as the Romans do- a proverb attributed to Saint Augustine. The phrase
means that it is advisable to follow the conventions of the area in which you are residing or
visiting. Saint Monica and her son, Saint Augustine, found out that Saturday was observed as a
fast day in Rome, where they planned to visit. However, it was not a fast day where they lived in
Milan. They consulted Saint Ambrose who said When I am here (in Milan) I do not fast on
Saturday, when in Rome I do fast on Saturday.
3.a) Hadrian’s Wall is still standind 4 and 5 meters high.

b)To walk from one end to the other, it take me 117 km.

c) The Picts were an ancient people who lived in Scotland today. The name is Latin because he
drips and tattooed his bodies. The Picts were permanently in conflict with the Romans,attacking
Hadrian’s Wall in 297 A.C In the seventh century it is growing and joingin on kingdom.

d)The Ninthe Legion of Rome fought in various provinces of the late Roman Republic and early
Roman Empire. It was stationed in Britain following the Roman invasion in 43 AD.The legion
disappears from surviving Roman records after CAD 120 and there is no extant account of what
happened to it.

e)A title of a book is The Eagle of the Ninth by Rosemary Sutcliff and a film is Centurion.

THE NORMAN CONQUEST

B. To swear an oath-to make a promise to do something, a formal promise, especially one made

in a court of law

Cavalry- or horsemen are soldiers or warriors who fight mounted on horseback. Cavalry were historically

the most mobile of the combat arms.

Archer- someone who shoots arrows from a bow.

Routed - to completely defeat someone in a battle, competition, or election.

Impregnable- a place that is impregnable is very well protected and difficult to attack

C.

1. Duke William of Normandy won the Battle of Hastings.

2.In his conquest of England William supported Harold.

3.Harold’ s army was tired because it was distracted by the Viking invasion of the north of
England.

4.William’s army had cavalry and Harold’s army had archers.

5. In the battle were killed approximately 2000 men.

6. Two reasons for the importance of the Bayeux Tapestry are artistic masterpiece and a crucial
historical source.

7. William imposed his rule over England through huge impregnable stone castles like The
Tower of London.

8. The Normans obtained detailed information about the English when they went to every village
in England and wrote down exactly who owned, what and how much.

9. The ruling class from England was called noble, gentle and aristocrat.

10.William ruled England 21 years.

D.1 In 1066 the Pope was the side of William because he was a Duck of Normandy.

2. b) England would be like sand running through his fingers.

3. b)Harold’s brothers.

4.False.

5. a)a list of who owned what and how much

E. 2. quick- cwich; enough- enouh; church-curc; house-huse; city-ity; love-lve

3. New spellings are easier to remember because we use this words every day.

4. Venison-venaison(gibier); pork-porc; mutton-mouton; veal-veau; beef-bœuf.

F.

2. Normans set fire to an English house.

Normans crossed the Channel from France in boats that the soldiers had made with their own
hands.

William was crowned king of England in Westminster Abbey.

William died after a riding accident.

The battle between Normans and English.

ELIZABETH I

B. Demonized- someone or something as very bad or dangerous although they are not.
Illegitimate- born to parents who are not married to each other, not allowed by the rules or laws.
Elizabeth Queen was considered an illegitimate heir because she was born by Anne Boleyn, the
second wife of Henri VIII. The Catholics did not recognize Henric's marriage with Anne, so,
they couldn’t accept Elizabeth as a queen.

Charisma- a strong personal quality that makes other people like you and be attracted to you.
Ousted- to remove someone from a position of power, especially in order to take that position.

House arrest- to be officially prevented from leaving your home, usually because you have been
accused of a political crime.

Armada- a large group of war ships. The Spanish Armada was a group of ships sent from Spain
to attack England in 1588.

Beacon- a bright light or fire that shines in the dark and is used as a signal to warn people against
danger or to show them the way somewhere.

C. 1. True

2. b) Robert

3. Yes, she is.

4. True.

5. a)Marrying a foreign prince would threaten England with foreign domination.

b)Marrying an English nobleman could cause trouble at home.

6. d) all of the above, because they are the same person.

7. True

8.Mary Queen of Scots pose a threat to Elizabeth because she became the focus of numerous
Catholic plots against Elizabeth’s life.

9. d) the Spanish Netherlands.

10. Elizabeth was a modern woman because she symbolize the defiant patriotic liberty of the
English and because she had a tremendous style, spirit and flair.

D. 1. The added ,s’ in the pre-written court letters tell us that Elizabeth waited longtime to
become a queen of England, because she was a declared illegitimate. Only a man could reign,
she hasn’t the right to be queen.

2.The word is inserted before punishement, because represents the fact when Elizabeth was
doing justice, she was punishing the persons who didn’t respect her rules.

For example, when a preacher criticized the Queen in 1597 because she did not want to marry.
She ordered that his writing hand should be chopped off.

3. I think this phrase represents the fact that Elizabeth did not marry because she might
lose her power and she was becoming too sensible.

4. Patriotic liberty- It is the right of a person based on patriotism to have access to the highest
state leadership, without gender discrimination.
Cultural flowering-a cultural development. A cultural flowering took place in literature and
music in Elizabeth’s reign. The plays of Christopher Marlow and many of those by William
Shakespeare were written and first performed in Elizabeth London.

Approved template- Elizabeth was as Gloriana the Virgin Queen- a golden haired, white- faced
icon in jewels and spectacular dresses. From 1563, portraits of Elizabeth had to be copied from
an approved template.

5. The most remarkable thing about Elizabeth is that she brought women at the reign of England
and she has made economical, cultural and political reforms.

F. 1.Hatfield House- is a country house set in a large park, on the eastern side of the town of
Hatfield, England. It is a prime example of Jacobean architecture. That palace was the
childhood home and favorite residence of Queen Elizabeth I. Hatfield House is a popular tourist
attraction because it has so many objects associated with Queen Elizabeth I, including gloves and
a pair of silk stockings that are believed to have been the first in England.

2 .Sir Walter Raleigh- He was one of the most famous explorers of Elizabeth I’s reign.  His
courage and good looks made him a favorite of the Queen’s, and she rewarded him handsomely.
Raleigh was also a scholar and a poet, but he is usually remembered for introducing the essential
potato, and the addictive tobacco.
However, his reckless nature eventually made him unpopular at court. He managed to
displease both the Queen and her successor James I, and so found himself a prisoner of the
Tower of London – no less than three times!
As a gentleman, he was deprived of his liberty, but not his comforts: his family could visit, he
grew exotic plants and started his book ‘The Historie of the World’. However, on his release,
Raleigh angered the King once again. He was charged with treason and executed outside the
Palace of Westminster in 1618.

3.Mary Queen of Scots- On 8 February 1587 the Queen of Scots, after a long incarceration in
the Tower of London, she was executed by beheading. She was accused of conspiracy and
treason against her cousin, Elizabeth I of England. Maria climbed to the scaffold saying prayers
in English for her son and for cousin. Then, bending down and arranged his hair and she spoke
several times In manus tuas domine, when the executioner stopped her prayers.

4. Elizabeth is a 1998 British biographical drama film written by Michael Hirst.

The film is based on the early years of Elizabeth's reign, where she is elevated to the
throne after the death of her half-sister Mary I, who had imprisoned her. As her early years
continue, she faces plots and threats to take her down.
In 1558, Catholic Queen Mary dies of a uterine tumour. Mary's Protestant half-
sister, Elizabeth, under house arrest for conspiracy charges, is freed and crowned the Queen of
England.
As briefed by her adviser William Cecil, Elizabeth inherits a distressed England besieged
by debts, crumbling infrastructure, hostile neighbours and treasonous nobles within her
administration, chief among them the Duke of Norfolk. Cecil advises Elizabeth to marry,
produce an heir, and secure her rule.
Mary of Guise lands an additional 4,000 French troops in neighbouring Scotland.
Unfamiliar with military strategy and browbeaten by Norfolk at the war council, Elizabeth orders
a military response, which proves disastrous when the younger, ill-trained English forces are
defeated by the professional French soldiers. Walsingham tells Elizabeth that Catholic lords and
priests intentionally deprived Elizabeth's army of proper soldiers and used their defeat to argue
for Elizabeth's removal. Realizing the depth of the conspiracy against her and her dwindling
options, Elizabeth accepts Mary of Guise's conditions, to consider marrying her nephew Henry
of France.
Walsingham warns of another plot to kill Elizabeth spearheaded by the priest
from Rome carrying letters of conspiracy. Under Elizabeth's orders, Walsingham apprehends the
priest who divulges the names of the conspirators and a Vatican agreement to elevate Norfolk to
the English crown if he weds Mary, Queen of Scots. Walsingham arrests Norfolk and executes
him and every conspirator except Lord Robert. Elizabeth grants Lord Robert his life as a
reminder to herself to never be blinded by romance again.
Drawing inspiration from the divine, Elizabeth cuts her hair and models her appearance
after the Virgin Mary. Proclaiming herself married to England, she ascends the throne as "the
Virgin Queen".

THE VICTORIAN ERA

B.
Sewerage- the system by which sewage is carried away from houses, factories and is cleaned
and made safe by adding chemicals to it.
Slum- an area of a city that is very poor and where the houses are dirty and in bad conditions.
Potent- having a strong effect on your body or mind.
Personified- to be an example of a quality or characteristic, or to have a lot of it.
Prudish- very easily shocked or embarrassed by anything relating to sex.
To mourn-to feel and show that you are sad because somebody has died; to feel sad because
something no longer exists or is no longer the same.

C.
1. False
2. Three important British industries in the Victorian era were the industry of coal, ships and
textiles.
3.a) from the countryside to towns and cities.
4. True.
5. Two most important political parties of the Victorian age were the Conservative Party and the
Liberal Party.
6. c
7. The Crystal Palace was made of iron and glass.
8. False.
D.1.a
2.b
3.Queen Victoria preferred Disraeli to Gladstone because she adored the flattery ant the attention
she received from Disraeli, and because he won support from working-class voters.
4. I think the word Victorian have a positive meaning in modern English because represents a
period of breathtaking change, an economic success and a developing of the education, public
transport, sewerage, etc.
5. b.
E.
1. b
2.b
3. c. In this sentence, My husband and I is the subject.
In the sentence A taxi will come for my husband and I around midnight, my husband and I is the
object of the sentence.
Correct: A taxi will come for my husband and me, around midnight.
F.Extension activities
1. Dickensian- relating to or similar to something described in the books of Charles Dickens,
especially living or working in bad social conditions.
Ex. The bathrooms in this hotel are positively Dickensian-no hot water and grime everywhere.

2.The Victorian bathing machine

a) The machine’s main purpose was to allow people to change out of their clothes, change into
swimwear.
b)The bathing machine was a etiquette for sea-bathing and was more rigorously enforced upon
women than men.
c) Legal segregation of bathing areas in Britain ended in 1901 and the bathing machine declined
rapidly.
d)Queen Victoria used to bathing machine to sketch and for bathing. After the monarch’s death,
her machine was used as a chicken coop but it was restored in the 1950 s and put on display in
2012.

THE BRITISH EMPIRE

B. Exploitation- unfair treatment of someone or the use of a situation a way that is wrong, in
order to get some benefit for yourself.
In earnest-more seriously and with more force or effort than before.
Habitable-suitable for people to live in
Imperialism-the fact of a powerful country increasing its influence over other countries through
business, culture, etc.
Ideology- set of ideas that an economic or political system is based on.
Social Darwinist- is any of various theories of society which emerged in the UK, North America
and Western Europe in the 1870 s, claiming to apply biological concepts of natural selection and
survival of the fittest to sociology and politics.
Benign- (formal of people) kind and gentle not hurting anybody, not causing damage or harm;
(medical) not dangerous or likely to cause death.
Ever-diminishing- to make somebody/ something seem less important than they really are.
Herald-to say in public that somebody/something is good or important
Sprawling-built over a wide area in a way that is ugly or not carefully planed.

C. 1. False
2. British Empire in earnest during the Tudor age with the settlement of Virginia in 1585.
3. France and Spain.
4. False
5. a) a social Darwinist ideology.
6.a)bigger
7.a)India
8.True
9.British Empire gives to the world two natives sports: cricket and football.
D.
3. After the Second World War, the British Empire entered in to a decline phase. Some colonies
that were loyal to Britain obtain independence: India in 1947, Hong Kong in 1997 and the ends
of 1980, Empire almost disappeared with the creation of Zimbabwe State.
4, B si D.
5. The author considered that the British Empire was a good thing because spread English
language, culture and civilization, technology but it made a mistake when combined social
Darwinism with liberal politics.
E.
1.Was; 2. Became; 3.Dedicated; 4. Was 5. Has continued. 6. Was. 7. Was; 8.Heard;
9. Was not; 10. Had become; 11. Was; 12. Were; 13. Had thought; 14. Had been; 15.
Brought; 16.Encouraged; 17. Sensed; 18. Set; 19.Introduced; 20. Was; 21. Opposed; 22.
Raised; 23. Became; 24. Streamed; 25.Was; 26. Had been; 27. Died.

F.
1.The Commonwealth- is a political association of 54 states, mostly former territories of the
British Empire. The Commonwealth dates back to the first half of the 20th century with
the decolonisation of the British Empire through increased self-governance of its territories.
The human symbol of this free association is the Head of the Commonwealth, currently Queen
Elizabeth II, and the 2018 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting appointed Charles,
Prince of Wales to be her designated successor.
Member states have no legal obligations to one another, but are connected through their use of
the English language and historical ties. Their stated shared values of democracy, human
rights and the rule of law are enshrined in the Commonwealth Charter.

2. Rudyard Kipling- was an English journalist, short-story writer, poet and novelist. He
was born in India which inspired much of his work.
The White Man’s Burden- is a poem about the Philippine–American War (1899–1902),
which exhorts the United States to assume colonial control of the Filipino people and their
country.
Kipling rewrote "The White Man's Burden" to encourage American colonization and
annexation of the Philippine Islands, a Pacific Ocean archipelago conquered in the three-
month Spanish–American War (1898).
The subject, and the themes of "The White Man's Burden" provoke accusations of
advocacy of the Eurocentric racism inherent to the idea that, by way of industrialization, the
Western world delivers civilization to the non-white peoples of the world.
The famous Disney cartoon which was based on a Kipling story is The Jungle Book.
A major theme in the book is abandonment followed by fostering, as in the life of Mowgli,
echoing Kipling's own childhood.
Another important theme is of law and freedom; the stories are not about animal behavior, still
less about the Darwinian struggle for survival, but about human archetypes in animal form.
3.
The British Empire was a force of good, unfortunately he did much harm. The
beneficiaries of today settlements have a culture and civilization, have the English language
which gives them an advantage in connection with other states.
But, the slavery and the exploitation of blacks, collateral victims of the First and the
Second World War, left a painful mark in the history of the English people.
 SCOTLAND

B.
Ethnic cleansing- is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial and/or religious
groups from a given territory by a more powerful ethnic group, often with the intent of making it
ethnically homogeneous. The forces applied may be various forms of forced
migration (deportation, population transfer), intimidation, as well as genocide and genocidal
rape.
Romantic Movement- was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that
originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century. Romanticism was characterized by its
emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature,
preferring the medieval rather than the classical.
Entrepreneur- a person who makes money by starting or running businesses, especially
when this involves taking financial risks.
Deployed-deploy somebody/something to move soldiers or weapons into a position
where they are ready for military action; to use something effectively.
Referendum- an occasion when all the people of a country can vote on an important issue.
C.
1. False.
2. d)the Battle of Flodden in 1513.
3.d) Neither wanted a Stuart on the English throne.
4.Three names by which the 1745 Scottish Jacobite leader was known are: Prince Charles
Edward Stuart, Young Pretender or Bonnie Prince Charlie.
5. False
6.Glasgow was so important to the British Empire because of its commerce, it became the
second city of the empire, with a population of just over one million.
7.False
8.a) Mrs Thatcher

D. 3. c) growing literacy in Europe

4. False
5.b) it had a bad effect on relations between the two countries.
F. 1. A)The oldest club
b) The most people
c)The first British team
d)The best and most popular supporters
e)The first British team

G. 2.Auld Lang Syne

The song itself is reflective in nature, and is basically about two friends catching up over
a drink or two, their friendship having been long and occasionally distant.
The words were written by Scottish poet Robert Burns in 1788, but Burns himself
revealed at the time of composing it that he had collected the words after listening to the verse of
an old man on his travels, claiming that his version of ‘Auld Lang Syne’ marked the first time it
had been formally written down.
However, an earlier ballad by James Watson, named ‘Old Long Syne’, dates as far back
as 1711, and use of the title phrase can be found in poems from as early as the 17th century,
specifically works by Robert Ayton and Allan Ramsay.

IRELAND: THAT CLOUND IN THE WEST

B.
Bemused= showing that you are confused and unable to think clearly
Half-cracked=half-demented; half-witted, crazy, demented
Ulster- is one of the four traditional Irish provinces, situated in the north of Ireland. It is made up
of nine counties: six of these constitute Northern Ireland (a part of the United Kingdom); the
remaining three are in the Republic of Ireland.
Paramilitary- organized and operating like an army; providing support for an army or
other military organization

C. 1. False

2. c) an Irish-French invasion

3. George III refused to give Irish Catholics political rights because he was becoming king in
1760, as defender of the faith-the Protestant faith.

4. b) 50 per cent

5. Queen Victoria call on Gladstone to form a government in 1868 because Anglo-Irish relations
were dominated by the actions of the Liberal of Gladstone and he was the leader of the largest
political party in Parliament. He introduced various laws dealing with the Irish church, the land,
the legal system and voting rights.

6. False.

7. False

8.The First World War stopped the Irish getting Home Rule in 1914.

9.The Troubles last 30 years, between 1960 and 1990.

D.

2. a) the fungal disease in potatoes

3.d)he found the exercise beneficial

4. a)solved or answered

5. d)Loyalists and the British government

G.1 Saint Patrick  was a fifth-century Romano-

British Christian missionary and bishop in Ireland. St. Patrick of Ireland is one of the world's
most popular saints. He was born in Roman Britain and when he was fourteen or so, he was
captured by Irish pirates during a raiding party and taken to Ireland as a slave to herd and tend
sheep. At the time, Ireland was a land of Druids and pagans but Patrick turned to God and wrote
his memoir, The Confession. In The Confession, he wrote:
The dates of Patrick's life cannot be fixed with certainty, but there is broad agreement that
he was active as a missionary in Ireland during the fifth century.
Saint Patrick's Day is observed on 17 March, the supposed date of his death. It is
celebrated inside and outside Ireland as a religious and cultural holiday. In the dioceses of
Ireland, it is both a solemnity and a holy day of obligation; it is also a celebration of Ireland
itself.
2. The Fields of Athenry is a song written in 1979 by Pete St. John in the style of an Irish folk
ballad. Set during the Great Famine of the 1840s, the lyrics feature a fictional man from
near Athenry in County Galway, who stole food for his starving family and has been sentenced
to transportation to the Australian penal colony at Botany Bay. It has become a widely known,
popular anthem for Irish sports supporters. The lyrics say the convict's crime is that he "stole
Trevelyan's corn"; this is a reference to Charles Edward Trevelyan, a senior British civil servant
in the administration of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in Dublin Castle. Trevelyan famously
said, "the judgement of God sent the calamity to teach the Irish a lesson". He believed that the
starving Irish could subsist on maize, a grain that they could not afford, and had little knowledge
of or experience in preparing.

4. Michael Collins is a 1996 biographical period drama film written and directed by Neil

Jordan and starring Liam Neeson as Michael Collins, the Irish patriot and revolutionary who died
in the Irish Civil War. It won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival.

The film opens in medias res in 1922 immediately after Michael Collins' death, as Joe
O'Reilly, a long-time comrade of Collins, attempts to console a mourning Kitty Kiernan.
The story shifts back to the closing years of Britain's rule over Ireland from its base in
Dublin Castle, when Irish Republicans fight for Irish independence against Britain and its
military and police forces. At the end of the Easter Rising in 1916, Collins, Harry
Boland, Éamon de Valera, and other besieged Irish rebels at the Dublin GPO surrender to
the British Army. As the Dublin Metropolitan Police's G Division (counter-insurgency squad)
identifies leaders of the uprising, Collins tells Boland that next time, "We won't play by their
rules, Harry. We'll invent our own." Multiple leaders involved the fighting (Patrick
Pearse, Thomas MacDonagh, Tom Clarke and James Connolly depicted) die by firing squad
at Kilmainham Gaol, but de Valera, an American citizen, is imprisoned, as are Collins, Boland,
and the others.
Devastated by Boland's death, Collins desires to meet de Valera. Learning that de Valera
is hiding out in West Cork, Collins' native land, he embarks on a trip there with O'Reilly. At a
local pub, Collins' reaches out to de Valera's intermediary, seeking peace talks and passing the
word of Boland's fate. Unable to extract a response from de Valera, who is equally distraught of
Boland's death, the intermediary misdirects Collins into a trap, with the deception that de Valera
will meet him in the village of Béal na Bláth. On route, Collins' convoy is ambushed by IRA men
led by the intermediary, and Collins is fatally shot after breaking cover. Kitty is informed of
Collins' death just after trying on a wedding gown.
 Completing his story, O'Reilly tells Kitty that Collins would not want her to mourn as
long as she has.

IMMIGRATION
B.
Paradoxically- in a way that seems strange, impossible or unlikely because it has two opposite
features or contains two opposite ideas.
Persecution- the act of treating somebody in a cruel and unfair way, especially because of their
race, religion or political beliefs.
Refuge- shelter or protection from danger, trouble.
Interned- to put somebody in prison during a war or for political reasons, although they have not
been charged with a crime.
Sought asylum- the right to stay in a country, given by a government to protect someone who
has escaped from war or political trouble in their own country.

Menial- menial work is boring or dirty and is considered to be of low status.

C.1. c)immigrant

2. True

3.b)1290

4. True

5.Voltaire wish the world was more like England cause many immigrants give asylum.

6. b)canals; c) the railways; d) the roads.

7. British wish to increase economy through diversity and for democratic political facility.

8. False.

9. c) Britains’s open-door policy

D. 1. a)The first: romans; b)the largest: irish; c) the most recent: Enoch Powell

2.Invaders want to conquer the territories and to put the people of their ideologies. Immigrants
want a better life with civil rights and professionals opportunities.

3. Three reason are: to escape from persecution , to obtain a choice for a better life and to make a
modern nation, based on democratic political laws.

4. Powel was scaried from social mixture and to not lose british blood line.

5. a) asylum seekers .

E. 1
Chuddies-underwear
Bling-bling- expensive, ostentatious clothing and jewellery.
Chutzpah-strong confidence in yourself so that you can say or
do rude or shocking things without
becoming ashamed or embarrassed. This word usually shows that you admire this quality in
a person.
Schlep/shlep- to carry something heavy; to go somewhere very slowly.
Kushti/cushty- very good or pleasing.
To kowtow wok - a bowl-shaped frying pan; to try very hard to please someone, in a way that
other people find annoying
Craic/crack- a pleasant conversation or enjoyable time
Pukka- very good in quality, real.
Pundit- someone who is an expert in a subject, and is often asked to talk to the public about
that subject.

2.a) Now match the ten words to the following definitions. Use a dictionary if needed.
a) a bowl-shaped frying pan- kowtow wok
b) underpants-underwear
c) show-off shiny jewellery and clothes- bling-bling
d) (to go on) a long boring journey-schlep
e) to do whatever others say, obey like a servant- obedient
f) proper, correct, cool-pukka
g) expert-pundit
h) lively social time, with fun conversation and laughter-craic/crack
i) nice and comfortable, a good situation, OK; lucky, good-cushty
j) extreme self-confidence, cheek, daring- chutzpah

F. 1.Fish and chips is a hot dish consisting of fried fish in batter served with chips. The dish
originated in England and is an example of culinary fusion of its two main ingredients, each
brought by immigrants. It is a staple meal and a common take-away food in the United
Kingdom, Ireland, and numerous other countries, particularly in English-speaking
and Commonwealth nations. Fish and chips first appeared in the UK in the 1860s.
The tradition in the UK of fish battered and fried in oil may have come from Western
Sephardic Jewish immigrants from Holland. Originating in Spain and Portugal and settling in
England as early as the 16th century, they would have prepared fried fish in a manner similar
to pescado frito, which is coated in flour then fried in oil.
2. Brick Lane is a street in the East End of London, in the Borough of Tower Hamlets. It runs
from Swanfield Street in Bethnal Green, crosses Bethnal Green Road in Shoreditch,
enters Whitechapel and is linked to Whitechapel High Street to the south by the short stretch
of Osborn Street. Today, it is the heart of the city's Bangladeshi community and is known to
some as Banglatown. It is famous for its many curry houses.
Brick Lane is a novel written by Monica Ali, it centers around the life of Nazneen, a Bangladeshi
immigrant who marries an older man named Chanu Ahmed in an arranged marriage. This novel
was made into a film in 2007.
3. Goodness Gracious Me is a BBC English-language sketch comedy show originally aired
on BBC Radio 4 from 1996 to 1998 and later televised on BBC Two from 1998 to 2001. The
ensemble cast were four British Asian actors, Sanjeev Bhaskar, Kulvinder Ghir, Meera
Syal and Nina Wadia. The show explored British Asian culture, and the conflict and integration
between traditional South Asian culture and modern British life.
Some sketches reversed the roles to view the British from a South Asian perspective, and
others poked fun at South Asian stereotypes. In the television series, most of the white characters
were played by Dave Lamb and Fiona Allen; in the radio series those parts were played by the
cast themselves. Some of the white characters were also played by Amanda Holden, Fiona
Allen and Emma Kennedy.
The show's title and theme tune is a bhangra rearrangement of the comedy song of the
same name, originally performed by Peter Sellers (portraying an Indian doctor, Ahmed el Kabir)
and Sophia Loren, reprising their characters from the 1960 film, The Millionairess. Sellers sings
the song in a stereotypical "cod-Indian" accent, acceptable as a comic device at the time but by
the 1990s considered dated and belittling.
4. Immigration has always been an important topic to Britons. History of immigration to United
Kingdom could be traced back thousands of years. However this thesis will mostly focus on immigration
during and after World War II. During this time period the first significant wave of immigrants had
arrived in United Kingdom.
It is imaginable that not every immigrant shared the same experiences; some had to
overcome obstacles to find their happiness, others lived out their lives in poverty. It took many
generations before the immigrants’ descendants were fully incorporated into British society, in
which they had settled and which they gradually reshaped.
 One of the things that many find good thing about immigrates is that they are willing to
take jobs that British people do not necessarily want to have.
One of the major problems with immigrants today and always has been is that when they
come to this country gather them from the same country and those who have the same culture,
and takes over the entire neighbourhoods where there almost only live immigrants. For example,
the Muslims who come to the United Kingdom is, of course, mainly Muslims who are escaping
for all the bad stuff, UK has everything they are looking for jobs and a society that work.