Front Wheel Steering Steering System

Front Wheel Steering

Specifications
Torque
Description Value
Power steering pressure sensor 24–26Nm
Bolt-power steering oil intake pipe to power steering pump 38–42Nm
Bolt-power steering pump to mounting bracket 45Nm
Bolt-power steering pump pulley to power steering pump 25Nm
Bolt-belt tensioner to mounting bracket 25Nm
Bolt-steering rack to front subframe (long) 40–50Nm
Bolt-steering rack to front subframe (short) 40–50Nm
Tube assembly-steering oil return pipe to steering rack 26–30Nm
Bolt-front subframe to body 110–120Nm
Bolt-power steering oil return pipe to subframe 19–25Nm
Nut-front exhaust pipe to intermediate exhaust pipe 20–25Nm

cardiagn.com
Nut-front anti-roll bar link to anti-roll bar 60–70Nm
Nut-track rod bar ball joint 28–32Nm
Bolt-road wheel 115–130Nm
Locking nut-power steering column to power steering rack 20–25Nm
input shaft
Nuts-pas ball joint 40–55Nm
Bolt-power steering oil intake pipe to power steering rack 26–30Nm
Bolt-steering oil cooler to radiator 7–10Nm

Version 2.0 513

Steering System Front Wheel Steering

Specifications
Type Servo-assisted rack and pinion, linear ratio system
Steering column:
Þ Type Tilt and reach adjustable steering column with collapse
mechanism. Integral electronic steering column lock.
Steering wheel diameter 370 mm
Turns - lock to lock 2.81
Turning circle:
Þ Smallest turning radius 11.3m
Overall ratio 16:1
Power assisted steering:
Operating pressure: 90 Bar

Flow rate:
Þ Nominal 8.15 litres/min

cardiagn.com

Version 2.0 514

Front Wheel Steering Steering System
Description and Operation
System Component Layout
Steering System Component Layout

cardiagn.com
1. Fluid reservoir 4. Steering column
2. Pressure sensor 5. Steering gear
3. PAS pump 6. PAS fluid cooler

Version 2.0 515

Steering System
Steering Rack Component Location
1. Grommet
2. Valve unit
3. Track rod end lock nut
4. Flange bolt (2 off)
5. Flange bolt (2 off)
Version 2.0
Front Wheel Steering
cardiagn.com
6. Gaiters (2 off)
7. Track rod ball joint
8. Lock nut (2 off)
9. Steering rack component
516
Front Wheel Steering Steering System
PAS Hydraulic Component Location

cardiagn.com
1. PAS pump suction hose 4. PAS fluid cooler
2. PAS high pressure hose 5. Return hose - cooler to reservoir
3. PAS return hose

Version 2.0 517

Steering System
Description
General
The major steering components comprise a two stage
collapsible steering column, a power assisted steering rack, a
pump, a pressure sensor, a fluid reservoir, a fluid cooler and
fluid pipes and hoses.
Steering Rack
The steering rack is mounted in the optimum position, low
on the rear cross member of the front subframe. As the rack
mounting points and suspension pivot points are all defined
by the accurate rigid subframe, the designed geometric
relationships are maintained at all times. The rack is retained
1. Input shaft
2. Torsion bar
3. Circlip
4. Oil seal
5. Valve housing
6. PTFE ring (4 off)
7. Outer sleeve
The valve unit is an integral part of the steering rack. The
principal function of the valve unit is to provide maximum
power assistance (i.e.; when parking) with minimum effort
required to turn the steering wheel.
The cast outer casing of the valve unit has four ports which
provide the connections for pressure feed from the pump,
return to the fluid reservoir and pressure feed from the valve
unit to the annulus and full area of the cylinder. A non return
Version 2.0
Front Wheel Steering
with two bolts through cast lugs near the valve unit and two
bolts which secure a clamp fixed to the opposite end of the
rack. A 'Double D' arrangement together with a nut and
cam bolt secures the steering column to the steering rack
pinion. The rack requires 2.81 turns from lock to lock and the
rack and pinion has an overall ratio of 16:1. Rubber gaiters
protect the movement area of the rack. Track rod ends, fitted
to threaded tie rods and secured with locknuts provide for
the adjustment of front wheel steering alignment. Each track
rod end is secured by a lock nut to the steering arm, which
extends from the front hub.
Valve Unit
8. Pinion shaft
9. Bearing cardiagn.com
10. Oil seal
11. Nut
12. Bearing
13. Pin - pinion shaft to torsion bar
14. Pin - rotor to torsion bar
valve and seal is fitted in the pressure feed port from the PAS
pump.
The valve unit comprises an outer sleeve, rotor, torsion bar
and a pinion shaft. The valve unit is coaxial with the pinion shaft
which is connected to the steering column via the input shaft.
The valve unit components are located in a housing which is
screwed to a mating casting on the steering rack main body
and secured with screws.
518
Front Wheel Steering
The outer sleeve is located in the main bore of the valve unit.
Three annular grooves are machined on its outer diameter.
PTFE rings are located between the grooves and seal against
the bore of the valve unit. Holes are drilled radially in each
annular groove through the wall of the sleeve. The bore of the
outer sleeve is machined to accept the input shaft. Six equally
spaced slots are machined in the bore of the sleeve. The ends
of the slots are closed and do not continue to the ends of the
outer sleeve. The radial holes in the outer sleeve are drilled
into each slot.
The input shaft is splined at its outer end and has a cross
hole for location of the torsion bar. The inner end has splines
which are a loose fit in corresponding splines in the pinion
shaft. The width of the splines allows the torsion bar to
twist several degrees before the splines contact one another.
The splined coupling between the input shaft and the pinion
shaft ensures that if the power steering fails, the steering
can be operated manually without overstressing the torsion
bar. The central portion of the input shaft has equally spaced
longitudinal slots machined in its circumference. The slots are
arranged alternately around the input shaft.
The torsion bar is fitted inside the rotor and is connected to
the input shaft and the pinion shaft with pins. The central
diameter of the torsion bar is machined to a smaller diameter
than at each end. The smaller diameter allows the torsion bar
to twist in response to torque applied from the steering wheel
in relation to grip of the tyres on the road surface.
The pinion shaft has machined teeth on its central diameter
which mate with the teeth on the steering rack. A bore in
the upper end is machined with loose splines which mate with
similar splines on the rotor. The pinion shaft locates in a cast
housing which is part of the steering rack and rotates on ball
and roller bearings.
Power Assisted Steering (PAS) Pump
Hydraulic pressure to operate the PAS system is generated by
a vane-type pump which is driven from the crankshaft of the
engine by a polyvee ribbed belt. Whilst the engine is running,
hydraulic fluid is drawn from the reservoir by the suction action
of the pump. The amount of fluid delivered to the control
valves, and its pressure, is regulated by the flow control valve
built into the pump. Excess fluid is returned to the intake side
of the pump via internal fluid ways.
Version 2.0
Steering System
Warning: Care is required when working on the hydraulic
systems, since the high pressure fluid can be hot and, when
the pump is operating, reach pressures in excess of 10000
KPa(1450 lbf/in2) causing a risk of personal injury.
PAS Pressure Sensor
Turning the steering wheel onto full lock will place a
considerable additional load on the engine compared to the
straight ahead position. To avoid the possibility of the engine
stalling, or running too slowly at idle, a power steering load
signal is produced by a sensor and sent to the Engine Control
Module (ECM) so that it can adjust the idle control to avoid
engine stall. The sensor is called a “demand” sensor and is
located on the outlet union at the high pressure side of the
steering hydraulic pump. The PAS load signal is produced
when the engine is running and the PAS pump is operating.
The signal is required for ECM idle speed corrections when
the vehicle is stationary and the throttle is closed.ECMThe
PAS load signal is transmitted directly to the ECM via a hard
cardiagn.com
wired connection.ECMThe sensor produces an analogue
voltage proportional to PAS load.ECMThe ECM uses the
signal to make corrections to the idle speed control output.
Fluid Flow
Fluid flow from the pump is delivered to the valve unit around
the steering pinion. The control unit valve controls hydraulic
pressure and changes direction of flow. Fluid is directed to
the appropriate side of the power cylinder where rack thrust
is generated. Fluid returning from the power cylinder flows
through a loop in the return pipe, which acts as a fluid cooler,
which is attached to the engine coolant radiator, before
entering the reservoir where the fluid is allowed to settle.
Fluid Reservoir
The reservoir comprises a body, a cap and a filter assembly.
The cap features an integral fluid level dipstick and an O-ring
seal fitted to the cap prevents leakage. A breather hole is
incorporated in the cap to allow changes in fluid level during
operation. A non-serviceable filter assembly is fitted into the
bottom of the reservoir. The filter is made from fine stainless
steel mesh which is moulded into the frame of the filter and
removes particulate matter from the fluid before it is drawn
into the supply connection.
519
Steering System Front Wheel Steering

Operation converted into linear movement of the steering rack through

Rotary movement of the steering wheel is transferred via the rack and pinion.
the steering column to the valve unit which is mounted on Neutral Position
the steering rack. The rotary movement of the steering is

1. Rotor 5. Flow from pump

2. Torsion bar
3. Outer sleeve
4. Flow to hydraulic cylinder
With no movement of the steering wheel being applied, fluid
flows from the pump to the valve unit. The slots in the outer
sleeve and the rotor are aligned so that the fluid pressure flows
across the valve unit. Some pressure is applied to the feed and
return ports which in turn is felt at either side of the piston in
the hydraulic cylinder. With the forces equal on each side of
cardiagn.com
6. Return to reservoir
7. Flow from reservoir
the cylinder, the steering remains in the neutral position. The
majority of the fluid delivered from the pump is returned from
the valve unit, and via the fluid cooler, back to the reservoir.
With the majority of the fluid being returned to the reservoir,
the pressure available at each side of the piston is very low.

Version 2.0 520

Front Wheel Steering Steering System
Steering To The Left

1. Rotor
2. Twisted torsion bar
3. Outer sleeve
4. Pressure flow to LH hydraulic cylinder
Counter-clockwise rotation of the steering wheel in turn
rotates the rotor and the torsion bar in the same direction.
The slots in the rotor move out of their neutral alignment and
block the return flow of fluid to the reservoir. Fluid pressure
from the pump now flows into the newly aligned slots in
the rotor and outer sleeve. The pressure is directed by the
alignment of the slots into the left hand side of the hydraulic
cardiagn.com
5. Flow from pump
6. Return to reservoir
7. Flow from RH hydraulic cylinder
cylinder where the pressure increases. The right hand side
of the hydraulic cylinder is opened to return and allows fluid
displaced from the right hand side of the piston to flow to the
reservoir. The pressure difference on the left and right hand
sides of the piston in the cylinder gives the power assistance
to turn the steering.

Version 2.0 521

Steering System
Steering To The Right
1. Rotor
2. Twisted torsion bar
3. Outer sleeve
4. Return flow from LH hydraulic cylinder
Clockwise rotation of the steering wheel in turn rotates the
rotor and the torsion bar in the same direction. The slots in
the rotor move out of their neutral alignment and block the
return flow of fluid to the reservoir. Fluid pressure from the
pump now flows into the newly aligned slots in the rotor and
outer sleeve. The pressure is directed by the alignment of the
slots into the right hand side of the hydraulic cylinder where
the pressure increases. The left hand side of the hydraulic
cylinder is opened to return and allows fluid displaced from
the left hand side of the piston to flow to the reservoir. The
pressure difference on the left and right hand sides of the piston
in the cylinder gives the power assistance to turn the steering.
Progressive Assistance
Progressive power assistance is dependant on the amount
of road wheel resistance opposing the turning of the front
wheels. When the steering wheel is turned to the left or
Version 2.0
Front Wheel Steering
cardiagn.com
5. Flow from pump
6. Return to reservoir
7. Flow to RH hydraulic cylinder
right, the rotary movement is transferred through the steering
column to the rotor shaft which rotates the same amount as
the steering wheel. The rotary movement is also transferred
from the rotor to the torsion bar. If the road wheel resistance
is high, (when parking), the torsion bar will twist. The twisting
of the torsion bar means that the rotary movement of the
pinion and the outer sleeve is slightly less than that of the
rotor. The twisting of the torsion bar moves the slots in the
rotor and the torsion bar out of alignment, resulting in the
gaps between both sets of slots becoming larger. The greater
the resistance of the road wheels to the steering rotary
movement, the greater the misalignment of the slots in the
rotor and torsion bar. As the misalignment becomes greater,
the fluid pressure passing to the applicable side of the hydraulic
cylinder increases. When the road wheel resistance reduces
or less effort is applied to the turning of the steering wheel,
the reduced torque applied to the rotor allows the torsion bar
522
Front Wheel Steering
to unwind. This reduces the misalignment between the slots
in the rotor and the torsion bar, reducing the fluid pressure
applied to the applicable side of the hydraulic cylinder.
Hydraulic Circuit
1. Reservoir
2. Low pressure suction line
3. PAS pump
4. Flow control/relief valve
5. Discharge port
When the engine is started, the pump draws fluid from the
reservoir down the low pressure suction line. The fluid passes
through the pump and emerges as pressurised fluid at the
discharge port where it passes through a hose to a valve unit.
If no steering effort is applied, the pressure is applied equally to
each side of the piston in the hydraulic cylinder. The remainder
of the flow is returned from the valve unit to the reservoir via
the fluid cooler.If steering effort is applied in either direction,
Version 2.0
Steering System
6. Hydraulic cylinder pressure areas
7. Steering rack and pinion assembly cardiagn.com
8. Control valve unit
9. Fluid cooler
the fluid pressure is directed to the applicable side of the
piston in the hydraulic cylinder, providing power assistance to
reduce the steering effort required. The fluid displaced by the
movement of the piston in the cylinder is returned through the
valve unit to the reservoir via the fluid cooler. The fluid cooler
reduces the fluid temperature which prolongs the life of the
hoses and seals in the system.
523
Steering System Front Wheel Steering

Service Procedures Power Assisted Steering System - Pressure Test

Pressure Sensor Prepare
Remove 1. To determine if a fault is in the steering pump or
1. Disconnect battery earth lead. steering rack, close the test valve for a maximum of
five seconds. Pump damage may occur if test valve is
closed for longer periods.
2. If the gauge does not register between 85 and 95 bar
(maximum pump pressure), the pump is faulty.
3. If maximum pump pressure is correct, suspect the
steering rack.
4. On completion, stop the engine.
5. Disconnect battery earth lead.
6. Remove test equipment from adaptors.
7. Remove adaptors from PAS pump and steering rack
feed pipe.
8. Fit new sealing washers, connect feed pipe to PAS
2. Disconnect pressure sensor multiplug.

cardiagn.com
pump, fit and tighten banjo bolt to 38–42Nm.
3. Position cloth to collect oil spillage. 9. Clean chassis and surrounding area.
4. Remove pressure sensor. 10. Check PAS fluid level.
Caution: To prevent damage to components, use two PAS system .
spanners when loosening or tightening unions. 11. Connect battery earth lead.
5. Remove and discard O-ring. Assemble
Caution: Always fit plugs to open connections to prevent 1. Test equipment - assembly.
contamination.
Refit
1. Clean pressure sensor and mating face of pump union.
2. Lubricate new O-ring withPAS fluid.
3. Fit new O-ring, fitPAS pressure sensor and tighten to
24–26Nm.
Caution: To prevent damage to components, use two
spanners when loosening or tightening unions.
4. Connect pressure sensor multiplug.
5. Connect battery earth lead.
6. Check and top upPAS fluid.
a. Fit gauge and hose T38001to valve assembly
Power assisted steering system bleeding refit. T38002and tighten union.
b. Fit 2 hoses T38003to valve assembly T38002and
tighten unions.
2. Disconnect battery earth lead.
Caution: Care must be taken to ensure that oil or fluid
does not enter or contaminate the alternator.
3. Position container to collect fluid spillage.
4. Clean PAS pump, PAS pipes and unions.
5. Remove banjo bolt securing steering rack feed pipe to
PAS pump, remove and discard sealing washers.
6. Fit adaptor T38005and sealing washers to PAS pump.

Version 2.0 524

Front Wheel Steering Steering System
7. Using the banjo bolt and new sealing washers, fit Power Assisted Steering System Bleeding
adaptor T38004to steering rack feed pipe. Adjust
8. Connect hoses T38003to T38004and 1. Clean reservoir around filler cap.
T38005adaptors.
9. Ensure all pipes and fittings are clear of rotating parts.
10. Hang pressure gauge in a safe position under bonnet.
11. Connect battery earth lead.
12. Start engine and allow air to bleed from PAS system, by
turning steering from lock to lock.

Power assisted steering system bleeding .

13. Check and top up steering fluid reservoir.
PAS system .
14. Test Procedure:
a. Ensure steering system is free from leaks and maintain
2. Remove filler cap from reservoir and fill reservoir with
maximum fluid level during test.
power steering fluid from a clean container until fluid

cardiagn.com
b. With the test rig valve open, start the engine. reaches between upper and lower mark on level.
c. With the engine at idle and normal running Capacities, Fluids and Lubricants .
temperature, slowly turn the steering wheel and
Caution: Care must be taken to ensure that oil or fluid
hold on lock.
does not enter or contaminate the alternator.
d. Repeat pressure test on opposite lock.
3. Start engine and allow to run at idle for 10 seconds.
e. The test pressure should progressively rise from 5 bar Stop engine.
to 90 bar, dependant on road surface. Pressure will 4. Check and top-up steering fluid reservoir.
rise to 90 bar when the steering is held on full lock.
5. Start engine and turn steering fully to LH and RH locks.
f. With the engine at idle, release the steering wheel. Stop engine.
Pressure should read 5 bar or below. 6. Check and top-up steering fluid reservoir.
g. Pressure outside the above tolerance indicates a fault. 7. Start and run engine for 2 minutes, turn steering fully
15. Remove test equipment from adaptors. to RH and LH locks.

16. Remove adaptors from PAS pump and steering rack 8. Check and top-up steering fluid reservoir.
feed pipe. Caution: Do not hold steering at full lock for longer than
17. Fit new sealing washers, connect feed pipe to PAS 10 seconds.
pump, fit and tighten banjo bolt to 38 – 42 Nm. 9. Switch off engine.
18. Clean chassis and surrounding area. 10. Check power steering fluid, if aerated, wait until fluid
19. Check PAS fluid level. is free from bubbles then top-up reservoir to upper
20. Connect battery earth lead. level mark.
11. Fit reservoir filler cap.

Version 2.0 525

Steering System Front Wheel Steering

Power Assisted Steering Pump 4. Fit PASpump belt.

Remove Belt - PAS pump Refit.
1. Disconnect battery earth lead. 5. Tighten bolts securing PASpump pulley to PASpump
2. Position container to collect fluid spillage. to 25Nm.
3. Loosen union and disconnect feed pipe from PAS pump. 6. Fit fluid inlet hose to PASpump and secure with new
Remove and discard 2 sealing washers. clip.
Caution: Always fit plugs to open connections to prevent 7. Fit new sealing washers and fit feed pipe to PASfit and
contamination. tighten union to 38–42Nm.

4. Remove and discard clip securing fluid inlet hose to 8. Bleed PASsystem.
PASpump. Disconnect hose. Power assisted steering system bleeding
5. Loosen PASpump belt.

cardiagn.com
6. Remove PASpump belt.
Belt - PAS pump Remove.
7. Remove 3 bolts securing PASpump pulley to PASpump
and remove pulley.
8. Remove 2 bolts and nuts securing PASpump to
mounting bracket and remove PASpump.

Refit
1. Fit PASpump to mounting bracket.
2. Fit nuts and bolts securing PASpump to mounting
bracket and tighten to45Nm.
3. Fit PASpump pulley to PASpump, fit bolts but do not
fully tighten at this stage.

Version 2.0 526

Front Wheel Steering Steering System
PAS Pump Tensioner Power Assisted Steering Rack
Remove Remove
1. Remove PAS pump belt. 1. Raise vehicle on lift.
2. Remove 2 bolts securing PASpump drive belt tensioner 2. Peel back carpet and peel back seal to reveal bolt
to PASpump mounting bracket. securing steering joint to steering rack.
Caution: Before disconnecting any part of the steering
linkage, ensure the road wheels are positioned straight
ahead and the steering wheel is prevented from turning.
Unrestricted turning of the steering wheel will damage the
SRS rotary coupler.

cardiagn.com
3. Remove tensioner.
Refit
1. Clean PASbelt tensioner and mating face on pump
mounting bracket. PAS
2. Fit tensioner to mounting bracket and tighten bolts to 3. Remove nut and bolt securing steering joint to steering
25Nm rack and discard nut.
3. Refit PASpump belt. 4. Release universal joint from steering rack.
5. Remove undertray.
Undertray - assembly Remove.
6. Remove front road wheels.
7. Remove nuts securing track rods to steering arms. Fit
an M10 nut to ball pin, flush with end of pin.

8. Using T38008release track rod ends from steering

arms. Remove M10 nuts from ball pins.
9. Remove nuts securing anti roll bar links to anti roll bar
and release links.
10. Position anti roll bar aside.
11. Remove 3 bolts securing exhaust intermediate pipe to

Version 2.0 527

Steering System Front Wheel Steering

downpipe (Turbocharged models) or exhaust manifold 18. Remove union securing return pipe to steering rack
(VCT models), release intermediate pipe and collect and discard O-ring.
gasket.

19. Remove union securing feed pipe to steering rack and

12. Support intermediate pipe and release 2 front exhaust discard O-ring.
mountings. 20. Remove 4 bolts securing steering rack to subframe.

cardiagn.com
13. Support rear of subframe using a transmission jack.
14. Remove and discard 2 Patchlok bolts securing subframe 21. Withdraw and remove steering rack from driver's side
braces to body. of vehicle, position anti roll bar as necessary.
22. Remove pinion seal.
23. Note number of threads exposed from each track road
end locknut for refitting reference.

15. Remove 4 bolts, from centre and rear subframe

mountings. Collect washers and subframe braces.

24. Remove track rod ends and lock nuts from steering
rack.
Refit
1. Centre steering rack and position each locknut on track
rod with same amount of thread exposed as noted
during removal.
2. Connect downpipe (Turbocharged models) or exhaust
manifold (VCT models) to intermediate pipe, fit nuts
and tighten to 45 - 50 Nm.
3. Fit pinion seal ensuring that the recess on the seal is
located on the raised 'pip' on the gear.
16. Lower rear of subframe. 4. Fit steering rack and locate to subframe taking care
17. Position container to collect fluid spillage. not to dislodge the pinion seal. Fit 2 lower bolts and

Version 2.0 528

Front Wheel Steering Steering System
tighten to 40–50Nm. Track Rod Ball Joint
5. Fit 2 upper bolts and tighten to 40–50Nm. Remove
6. Clean pipe unions and mating faces. 1. Raise vehicle with a lift.
7. Fit new O-ring to return pipe, connect pipe and tighten Warning: Do not work on or under a vehicle supported
union to 26–30Nm. only by a jack. Always support the vehicle on safety
8. Fit new sealing washers to feed pipe, connect pipe and stands.
tighten union to 26–30Nm. 2. Remove road wheel.
9. Raise subframe, fit washers, subframe braces and 3. Loosen track rod end locknut.
new Patchlok bolts securing subframe and tighten to
110–120Nm.
10. Fit new Patchlok bolts securing subframe braces to
body and tighten to 19–25Nm.
11. Fit 2 front exhaust mountings and remove support.
12. Clean exhaust mating faces and fit new gasket.
13. Fit front exhaust pipe (turbo models) or exhaust
manifold (VCT models) to intermediate pipe, fit nut

cardiagn.com
and tighten to 20–25Nm.
14. Fit anti-roll bar links to anti-roll bar, fit nuts and tighten
to 60–70Nm.
15. Connect track rods to steering arms, fit new nuts and
tighten to 28–32Nm. 4. Remove nut from ball pin and discard.
16. Fit road wheels and tighten bolts to 115–130Nm. 5. Fit an M10 nut to ball pin, flush with end of pin.
17. Fit undertray. 6. Using T38008, separate ball pin from track rod.
Remove M10 nut from ball pin.
Undertray - assembly Refit.
18. Fit new bolt retaining steering joint to steering rack, fit
new nut and tighten to20–25Nm.
19. Fit steering joint seal and reposition carpet.
20. Bleed power steering system.
Power assisted steering system bleeding Refit.
21. Check steering geometry.
Wheel alignment Refit.

7. Remove track rod from steering rack. Retain the track

rod locknut in position as fitting reference.
Refit
1. Fit track rod end up to locknut with ball pin facing
upwards.
2. Connect ball pin to steering arm, fit new nut and
tighten to 28–32Nm.
3. Tighten lock nut to 40–55Nm.
4. Fit road wheel and tighten bolts to 115–130Nm.
5. Remove stands and lower vehicle.
6. Check steering geometry.

Version 2.0 529

Steering System Front Wheel Steering

Wheel alignment. Pipe - PAS Pump to Steering Rack

Remove
1. Disconnect battery earth lead.
2. RemovePAS pressure sensor multiplug.

cardiagn.com
3. Raise vehicle on the lift.
4. Remove undertray.
Undertray Remove
5. Position container to collect spillage.
6. Remove union securing pipe to steering rack, remove
and discard sealing washers.

Caution: To prevent damage to components, use two

spanners when loosening or tightening unions.
Caution: Always fit plugs to open connections to prevent
contamination.
7. Remove union securing feed pipe to steering pump,
remove and discard sealing washers.

Version 2.0 530

Front Wheel Steering Steering System
Pipe - Steering Rack To Oil Cooler
Remove
1. Disconnect battery earth lead.
2. Raise vehicle on lift.
3. Remove undertray.
Undertray Remove
4. Position container to collect spillage.
5. Release clip securing return pipe to oil cooler and
disconnect pipe from oil cooler.

Caution: To prevent damage to components, use two

spanners when loosening or tightening unions.
Caution: Always fit plugs to open connections to prevent
contamination.

cardiagn.com
8. Remove feed pipe from engine compartment.
Refit
1. Clean pipe ends and mating faces.
2. Position feed pipe in engine compartment.
3. Using new sealing washers, position pipe to pump,
Caution: Always fit plugs to open connections to prevent
remove plug, fit union and tighten to 38–42Nm
contamination.
Caution: To prevent damage to components, use two
6. Remove 2 screws securing pipe to subframe.
spanners when loosening or tightening unions.
4. Using new sealing washers, position pipe to steering
rack, remove plug, fit union and tighten to 26–30Nm
Caution: To prevent damage to components, use two
spanners when loosening or tightening unions.
5. Fit undertray.

Understray Refit
6. Remove container.
7. Connect PAS pressure sensor multiplug.
8. Connect battery earth lead.
9. Bleed power steering system.
Power Assisted Steering System Bleeding. 7. Remove union securing pipe to steering rack, remove
and discard washers.
Caution: Always fit plugs to open connections to prevent
contamination.
8. Remove pipe from engine compartment.
Refit
1. Clean pipe ends and mating faces.
2. Position pipe in engine compartment.
3. Remove plug from steering rack.
4. Using new sealing washers, position pipe to steering
rack, remove plug, fit union and tighten to 26–30Nm

Version 2.0 531

Steering System Front Wheel Steering

Caution: To prevent damage to components, use two Oil Cooler - Steering

spanners when loosening or tightening unions. Remove
5. Using new sealing washers, position pipe to subframe 1. Remove front bumper.
and fit screws to 19–25Nm Front Bumper Remove
6. Remove plug and connect pipe to oil cooler and secure 2. Position container to collect fluid spillage.
clips.
3. Release 2 clips and disconnect PAShoses from oil
7. Remove container. cooler.
8. Fit undertray.

Undertray Refit.
9. Connect battery earth lead.
10. Bleed power steering system.
Power Assisted Steering System

cardiagn.com
Caution: Always fit plugs to open connections to prevent
contamination.
4. Remove 2 bolts securing oil cooler to body and remove
oil cooler.
Refit
1. Position oil cooler, fit bolts and tighten to 7–10Nm
2. Clean oil cooler hose connections.
3. ConnectPAS hoses to oil cooler and secure with clips.
4. Remove container.
5. Fit front bumper.

Bumper Assembly - Front

6. Bleed PAS system.
Power Assisted Steering System.

Version 2.0 532

Front Wheel Steering Steering System
Special Tools Tool Description Picture
Tool Description Picture Number
Number

Adaptor power
T38004
PAS pressure steering test
T38001
test equipment

Remover ball
Adaptor T38008
joint
T38002 hydraulic

cardiagn.com
pressure test

Adaptor
hydraulic
T38003
pressure test
hose

Adaptor power
T38005
steering pump

Version 2.0 533