MOREH ACADEMY

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GRADE 10

• 1 • WEEK1 •
• QUARTER 1 • WEEK1–2 •
2 |Page SCIENCE 10 – EARTH AND SPACE

Introduction
In this module, we will focus on plate tectonic and its relation to the internal
structure of Earth. It also emphasizes the location of earthquakes, volcanoes, and
.
mountain ranges. In this module, we will study thoroughly the framework that will
enable us to understand how and why several features of the Earth continuously
change.

MELC Specific Objectives

Describe and relate the distribution of
active volcanoes, earthquake
epicenters, and major mountain belts
to Plate Tectonic Theory.
S10ES – Ia-j-36.1
At the end of this module, you
are expected to:
describe the Earth's lithosphere and
differentiate oceanic and continental crust
identify the major lithospheric plates
determine the scientific basis for dividing
the lithospheric plates

Topic Outline

I. Continental Crust and Oceanic

Crust II. Lithospheric Plates

PRE - TEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on the space provided below the
number.
1. Earth’s lithosphere includes which of the following?
a. the crust only c. the crust and part of the mantle
b. the mantle only d. the crust, the mantle, and the outer core?
2. What crust is consist of basaltic rock and has a density of about 3.0 g/ 3

a. Oceanic crust c. mantle

b. Continental crust d. core
3. Which is the correct order of the arrangement of Earth’s layers from the surface to the
inner most layer?
a. Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core c. inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
b. Inner core, outer core, crust, mantle d. mantle, crust, outer core, inner core
4. Which of these is false about lithospheric plates?
a. have the same thickness everywhere c. thickest in the mountain regions
b. include the crust and upper mantle d. vary in thickness
5. How many tectonic plates do scientists categorize as 'major' plates?
a. 10 c. 7
b. 12 d. 8
6. A part of a mantle where the convection of molten rock happens.
c. Oceanic crust c. lithosphere
d. Asthenosphere d. core
7. It includes the crust and the uppermost mantle which serves as the outer layer of Earth.
a. Oceanic crust c. lithosphere
b. Asthenosphere d. core
3 |Page SCIENCE 10 – EARTH AND SPACE

8. Which mantle is indicated as a solid because of the following geological events happen
on it?
a. outer core c. crust
b. Inner core d. lithosphere
9. Which mantle is soft and easily gives in to pressure, and easily deformed like a clay?
c. outer core c. crust
d. Inner core d. mantle
10. How many tectonic plates do scientists categorize as minor plates?
a. 3 c. 5
b. 4 d. 6

Lesson 1 Continental Crust and Oceanic Crust

Earth is divided into four main layers: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. These
layers get denser the closer to the center of the earth you get. In this lesson, we will be discussing the
two division of the topmost layer of Earth.

Let’s Explore

The topmost layer of Earth is made up of hard, solid rock. The crust extends from the
continental part of Earth to the oceanic part. To describe the continental crust and the
oceanic crust, do the following activity.

Activity 1: Continental Crust vs. Oceanic Crust

Direction: Differentiate Continental Crust and Oceanic Crust by completing the table.

Continental Crust Point of Comparison Oceanic Crust

Description

Kind of Rocks Present

Thickness

The crust is the part of the Earth right on top where people live. It is made of a variety of
solid rocks like sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. It has an average density of 2.8
g/cm3 and its thickness ranges from 5 to 50 km. The crust is thickest in a part where a
relatively young mountain is present and thinnest along the ocean floor.

Let’s Discuss

The crust is subdivided into two types,

oceanic and continental.
 4 |Page SCIENCE 10 – EARTH AND SPACE

Continental crust
Continental crust, found under land
masses, is made of less dense rocks such as
granite. The thickness of the continental crust
is mostly 35-40 kilometers. https://www.proprofs.com/discuss/q/1322637/oceanic-crust-is-than-
continental
Figure 1. The Continental and the Oceanic Crust

Oceanic crust
The crust is subdivided into two types,
Theoceanicandcrustcontinentalisaround. 7-10 kilometers thick which its average thickness is 8
kilometers. It is found under the ocean floor and is made of dense rocks such as basalt.

Beneath the crust, the other layers are the following: Lithosphere
Mantle
It is the rigid
It is the next layer, which is about 2885 km thick. The mantle outer layer of Earth.
can be subdivided into upper mantle and lower mantle. Geologic This includes the crust
events such as volcanic activity and earthquakes indicate that the and the uppermost
outer mantle is solid. The lower mantle is also solid but behaves to mantle.
be somewhat “plastic”, that is, it is soft and easily gives in to
pressure. It easily deformed like a piece of day.

Asthenosphere
It is where the convection of molten rock happens. It is located in depths
between 100 km and 350 km. it consists of hot, weak, and easily deformed rock.

Core
The inner part of Earth is the core, which consists mostly of iron and nickel. It is
subdivided into the liquid outer core and the solid inner core. The outer core is about 2210
km thick while the inner core is about 1216 km thick.

Lesson 2 Lithospheric Plates

In the previous lesson, we discussed the two division of the crust as well as the other
layers of the earth. This part of the module will focus on the lithosphere. Earth’s lithosphere
consists of layers, the crust and the upper part of the mantle.

Let’s Explore

Direction: Label the different parts of the earth and write your answer inside the
orange box. Choose your answer in the WORD BANK. In the table, describe briefly
those parts.

Continental Crust

Oceanic Crust

Lithosphere

Upper Mantle
5 |Page SCIENCE 10 – EARTH AND SPACE

Parts Description

Continental Crust

Oceanic Crust

Lithosphere

Upper Mantle

Let’s Try

The entire lithosphere of the Earth is broken into numerous segments called plates. In
this activity, let’s identify the different plates of the world.

Activity 1: Identifying the Plates

Direction: List the different lithospheric plates and label them on the map. Write
your answer inside the blue box.

The different Lithospheric Plates

6 |Page SCIENCE 10 – EARTH AND SPACE

Let’s Discuss

The Lithospheric Plates

The Earth’s crust is divided into seven relatively large plates and a
number of smaller ones, including the Philippine plate. The plates move very
slowly but constantly. This plate motion causes them to collide, pull apart, or
scape against each other. This movement is called tectonics; thus the theory of
moving lithospheric plates is called plate tectonics.

The places on Earth

where most of the earthquakes
originated or some mountains
and volcanoes were formed mark
the boundaries of each
lithospheric plate. As mentioned
earlier, each plate is slowly
moving relative to each other,
causing geologic events to
happen along their boundaries.

Let’s Try More

Scientists observe patterns in nature and ask the simple question: “why is that pattern
there?” Let’s try answering that question by doing this activity.

Activity 2: Bases of dividing Earth's

lithosphere into several plates

Direction: The red dots on the map represent the different earthquake recorded.
Draw a line linking all the earthquakes together and answer the following questions.

https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/
This is a map displaying earthquake locations around the world
 7 |Page SCIENCE 10 – EARTH AND SPACE

Questions:
1. After drawing a line, what have you observed? ____________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

2. What do you think is the importance of tracing the earthquake locations?

__________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Application

PERFORMANCE TASK #1
Directions: Watch the video clip and answer the question below.

(Click the link)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RA2-Vc4PIOY

1. Why is it important to us to learn about the importance of plate tectonics in understanding the
Earth’s interior?

ASSESSMENT

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Earth’s lithosphere includes which of the following?
a. the crust only c. the crust and part of the mantle
b. the mantle only d. the crust, the mantle, and the outer core
2. Which mantle is indicated as a solid because of the following geological events happen
on it?
a. outer core c. crust
b. Inner core d. lithosphere
3. Which mantle is soft and easily gives in to pressure, and easily deformed like a clay?
a. outer core c. crust
b.Inner core d. mantle
4. What crust is consist of basaltic rock and has a density of about 3.0 g/ 3

a. Oceanic crust c. mantle

b.Continental crust d. core
5. Which is the correct order of the arrangement of Earth’s layers from the surface to the
inner most layer?
a. Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core c. inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
b.Inner core, outer core, crust, mantle d. mantle, crust, outer core, inner core
6. It includes the crust and the uppermost mantle which serves as the outer layer of Earth.
a. Oceanic crust c. lithosphere
8 |Page SCIENCE 10 – EARTH AND SPACE
b.Asthenosphere d. core

7. Which of these is false about lithospheric plates?

a. have the same thickness everywhere c. thickest in the mountain regions
b. include the crust and upper mantle d. vary in thickness
8. How many tectonic plates do scientists categorize as 'major' plates?
a. 10 c. 7
b. 12 d. 8
9. A part of a mantle where the convection of molten rock happens.
a.Oceanic crust c. lithosphere
b.Asthenosphere d. core
10. How many tectonic plates do scientists categorize as minor plates?
a. 3 c. 5
b. 4 d.

Summary

 Earth’s layers are the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core.
 The crust and the uppermost mantle make up the lithosphere.
 Crust extends from the continental to the oceanic part.
 The crust is also subdivided into two: Oceanic crust and continental crust.
 Earth’s outer layer is composed of tectonic plates.

 They plates move very slowly but constantly. This plate motion causes them to
collide, pull apart, or scape against each other. This movement is called
tectonics; thus the theory of moving lithospheric plates is called plate tectonics.

 The lithospheric plates are composed of 7 major plates and 5 minor plates.

References

Dr. E. V.Evangelista, Dr. G. L. Follosco, Dr. A. S. Pili, Dr. R. L. Sotto. (2017). Science Today's World
10, Quezon City: SIBS Publishing House, Inc.

H.D.Acosta, L.A.Alvarez, D.G.Angeles, R. D. Arre, M.P.P.Carmona, A. S. Garcia, A.Gatpo, J. F.

Marcaida, M. R.A.Olarte, M. S. Rosales, N. G. Salaza.r (2017). Science Learner's Module 10.
Pasig City: Department of Education

IMAGES
https://www.classroomclipart.com
https://wordmint.com/public_puzzles
http://earthquakesplates.blogspot.com/2011/08/earthquakes.html
https://www.livescience.com/37706-what-is-plate-tectonics.html
https://www.science-story.com