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GRADE 10

MODULE

1– 2 •
• QUARTER1 • WEEK5 •
2 |Page SCIENCE 10 – EARTH AND SPACE

Introduction
In this module, we will focus on plate tectonic and its relation to the internal
structure of Earth. It also emphasizes the location of earthquakes, volcanoes, and
.
mountain ranges. In this module, we will study thoroughly the framework that will
enable us to understand how and why several features of the Earth continuously
change.

MELC
Explain the different
processes that occur along
the plate boundaries.
S10ES – Ia-j-36.3
Specific Objectives
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
 identify and describe the different processes
that occur along the plate boundaries.
 explain what happens when oceanic crust
and continental crust collide and identify the
landforms associated with it.
 explain what happens when two oceanic
plates collide and identify the landforms
associated with it.
 explain what happens when two
continental plate boundaries collide and
identify landforms associated to it.
 Explain the process that occur along divergent
boundaries and identify landforms associated
with it.

Topic Outline
I. Convergence of plates
 Continental and oceanic plate
 Oceanic plate – oceanic plate
 Continental plate – continental plate
II. Divergence of plates

PRE - TEST
Directions: Choose the correct answer.
1. The following are plate boundaries EXCEPT?
a. Convergent c. Divergent
b. Transform d. strike – slip fault
2.It is consist of basaltic rock that has a density of about 3.0 g/cm3.
a. normal crust c. continental crust
b. oceanic crust d. reverse
3.It is made up of granite type of rocks and has a density about 2.7 g/cm3.
a. convergent boundary c. tectonic plate boundary
b. divergent boundary d. transform fault boundary
4.What geologic process you would expect at oceanic – continental convergence?
a. Volcanism c. Storm
b. Tsunami d. none of the above
5.Which of the following is not a landform at divergent boundary?
a. Earthquake c. Mountain Ranges
 3 |Page SCIENCE 10 – EARTH AND SPACE
b. Trenches d. rift valley

6. Which landforms would you expect to find at transform fault boundary

a. rift valley c. trenches
b. transform fault d. normal
7. it is a region where in lithospheric plates descends into another plate into the mantle
upon collision?
a. Trenches c. transform
b.Subduction d. fault
8.Volcanic island arcs are associated with _________.
a. transform plate boundaries c. ocean-ocean convergent plate boundaries
b. divergent plate boundaries d. ocean continent convergent plate boundaries
9.Island arcs are associated with _________?
a. transform plate boundaries c. ocean-ocean convergent plate boundaries
b. divergent plate boundaries d. ocean continent convergent plate boundaries
10. A low land region that forms where Earth’s tectonic plates move apart or rift,
a. Volcanic arcs c. Rift valley
b. Island arcs d. oceanic trench

Lesson 1 CONVERGENCE OF PLATES

Types of boundaries created because of lithospheric movements. Plate boundaries

create different landform as they collided to each other. In this lesson, we will be discussing
the processes that are taking place along the boundaries and the landforms associated with it.

Let’s Explore

Activity 1: CONVERGING PLATES

1. What type of plate is Plate A? What

about Plate B? Why do you say so?
PLATE A

PLATE B

https://www.thinglink.com/scene/50362206088331264

2. Describe what happens to Plate A as it collides with Plate B? Why?

3. What do you think may happen to the leading edge of Plate A as it continues to move
downward? Why?

4. What do you call this molten material?

5. What is formed on top of Plate B?

6. As the plates continue to grind against each other, what other geologic event could take
place?
 4 |Page SCIENCE 10 – EARTH AND SPACE

Let’s Discuss

Studying plate boundaries is important because along these boundaries deformation of

the lithosphere is happening. These geologic events have a great impact not only on the
environment but also on us.

The previous activity depicts what happens during collision of two plates; one has
continental edge while the other has an oceanic edge. From the diagram, it is clear that this event
gives rise to the formation of a volcanic arc near the edge of a continental leading plate. The
reason for this is because the denser oceanic crust (Plate A) undergoes what we call subduction
process or the bending of the crust towards the mantle. Since the mantle is hotter than the crust,
the tendency is, the subducted crust melt forming magma. Addition of volatile material such as
water will cause the magma to become less dense, hence allowing it to rise and reach the crust
once again and causing volcanic activities on the continental leading plate.
For the oceanic crust, one important geologic feature is formed, and that is the trench.
Also called submarine valleys, ocean trenches are the deepest part of the ocean. One of the
deepest is the Philippine trench with a depth of 10 540 meters

WHAT WILL HAPPEN WHEN OCEANIC CRUST AND CONTINENTAL CRUST

COLLIDE?

 OCEANIC – OCEANIC COLLISION

The leading edges of two colliding plates
are both oceanic crusts.
Trench is formed. Lining the trenches are
volcanoes formed under the ocean. These
series of volcanoes form an island arc.

The Mariana trench in the Pacific Ocean

is within the subduction zone between the
Pacific plate and the denser Mariana plate

 OCEANIC – CONTINENTAL COLLISION The

leading edge of one plate is an oceanic
crust, while other is continental crust.

The denser oceanic plate dives beneath

the continental plate. The place called
subduction.
Lining the trenches are volcanoes formed
in continental part. These volcanoes form a
volcanic arc.
The western Chile is a continental –
oceanic subduction zone where the
oceanic Nazca Plate is being subducted
under the continental South American SUBDUCTION ZONE
Plate.

Region or location wherein on lithospheric plate descends into another plate into
the mantle upon collision.
 5 |Page SCIENCE 10 – EARTH AND SPACE

 CONTINENTAL – CONTINENTAL
COLLISION
When a continental plate collides with
another continental plate neither is pushed
under the other. Continental plates have
low. density, thus they have a tendency to
rise and collide with each other, causing
the crust to buckle, fracture, and shrink.
Mountain ranges are formed.
Examples of mountain ranges are the
Himalayas in South Asia, the Alps in
Europe and the Appalachians in North
America. http://www.nature.nps.gov/geology/usgsnps/pltec/conv
erge.html

Let’s Try!

In this lesson, we have learned about the landforms when oceanic crust and
continental crust collide.

Convergent plate boundaries LANDFORMS

1. What will happen when both oceanic crusts collide?

2. What will happen when both continental crusts collide?

3. What will happen when the oceanic crusts and continental collide?

Lesson 2 DIVERGENCE OF PLATES

In the previous lesson, we identify the landforms formed when collision of plates. This
part of module shows you the movement of plate boundaries.

Let’s Discuss
 6 |Page SCIENCE 10 – EARTH AND SPACE

Formation of rift valleys and oceanic ridges are indications that the crust is spreading
or splitting apart. In this case, the plates are forming divergent plate boundaries wherein they
tend to move apart. Most divergent boundaries are situated along underwater mountain
ranges called oceanic ridges. As the plates separate, new materials from the mantle ooze
up to fill the gap. These materials will slowly cool to produce new ocean floor.

The spreading rate at these ridges may vary from 2 to 20 cm per year. Although a very
slow process, divergence of plates ensures a continuous supply of new materials from the
mantle. The Mid-Atlantic Ocean ridge is an example of spreading center which causes the
divergence of the South American plate and the African plate.

When a spreading center develops within a continent, the crust may break into several
segments. The breaking leads to the formation of down faulted valleys called rift valleys. It is
also associated with the rising of hot materials from the mantle.
The rift valley increases its length and depth as the spreading continues. At this point,
the valley develops into a linear sea, similar to the Red Sea today.

In this lesson, we understand the landforms occur in divergence. Let’s check your
understanding by answering the activities below.
7 |Page SCIENCE 10 – EARTH AND SPACE

Let’s Try More

Activity 3: Going Separate Ways

https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/rift-valley/ https://www.sciencesource.com/archive/Iceland-s-Rift-Valley-SS2148915.html

http://earthenviron.blogspot.com/2016/04/plate-tectonics.html
NOTE: This activity is adopted from DepEd: Science 10 Module.

1. What are common in the four pictures?

2. Millions of years ago, the land masses in each picture were once connected. What do
you think is happening to the Earth’s crust in those pictures?

3. If this event continues for millions of years, what do you think will be the effect on the
crust?

At present

After millions of years

8 |Page SCIENCE 10 – EARTH AND SPACE

Application
PERFORMANCE TASK #5
In this lesson, we know what the different landforms are when the different plate
boundaries collide. Let’s check your understanding by answering the questions and activities
below.

PLATE BOUNDARIES

Directions: Complete the diagram.

Plate boundary Types of plate(s) involved Resulting landforms

Direction: Answer the questions below. Include some of the terms inside the word box.
Underline your choices.
1. What are the different processes occur in plate boundaries?

2. What happens when two crusts collide? Slide along each other? Separated to each
other?
9 |Page SCIENCE 10 – EARTH AND SPACE

ASSESSMENT

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which landforms would you expect to find at transform fault boundary
a. rift valley c. trenches
b. transform fault d. normal
2. It is a region where in lithospheric plates descends into another plate into the mantle upon
collision?
a. Trenches c. transform
b.Subduction d. fault
3. Volcanic island arcs are associated with _________.
a. transform plate boundariesc. ocean-ocean convergent plate boundaries
b. divergent plate boundariesd. ocean continent convergent plate boundaries
4. Island arcs are associated with _________?
a. transform plate boundariesc. ocean-ocean convergent plate boundaries
b. divergent plate boundariesd. ocean continent convergent plate boundaries
5. A low land region that forms where Earth’s tectonic plates move apart or rift,
a. Volcanic arcs c. Rift valley
b. Island arcs d. oceanic trench
6. The following are plate boundaries EXCEPT?
a. Convergent c. Divergent
b. Transform d. strike – slip fault
7. It is consist of basaltic rock that has a density of about 3.0 g/cm3.
a. normal crust c. continental crust
b. oceanic crust d. reverse
8. It is made up of granite type of rocks and has a density about 2.7 g/cm3.

a. convergent boundary c. tectonic plate boundary b.

divergent boundary d. transform fault boundary
9. What geologic process you would expect at oceanic – continental convergence?
a. Volcanism c. Storm
b. Tsunami d. none of the above
10. Which of the following is not a landform at divergent boundary?

a. Earthquake c. Mountain Ranges b. Trenches d. rift

valley
10 | P a g e SCIENCE 10 – EARTH AND SPACE

Summary

Convergence plate boundaries Two plate moving towards each other (oceanic crusts
towards continental crusts) converging results in the seduction of oceanic plate. Oceanic –
oceanic collision, oceanic – continental collision and continental – continental collision
Seduction – creates oceanic trench. Creation and upwelling of magma, Volcanoes form,
Mountain building (either folded or island), deep – sea trench formation, Earthquakes

Divergent plate boundaries Two plates of the oceanic crust moving apart from each
other. Two plates of continental crust moving apart from each other. Upwelling magma,
creation of new lithosphere, forms volcanoes, mid oceanic ridge formation, earthquakes,
and causes sea – floor spreading.
Transform fault boundaries Two plates moving parallel to each other/ moving sideways
past each other. Horizontal movement, stick – slip process, earthquakes (shallow), and
land is neither created nor destroyed.

References

Dr. E. V.Evangelista, Dr. G. L. Follosco, Dr. A. S. Pili, Dr. R. L. Sotto. (2017). Science Today's World
10, Quezon City: SIBS Publishing House, Inc.

H.D.Acosta, L.A.Alvarez, D.G.Angeles, R. D. Arre, M.P.P.Carmona, A. S. Garcia, A.Gatpo, J. F.

Marcaida, M. R.A.Olarte, M. S. Rosales, N. G. Salaza.r (2017). Science Learner's Module 10.
Pasig City: Department of Education

IMAGES
https://www.classroomclipart.com
https://www.mindenpictures.com/search/preview/diver-submerges-into-silfra-canyon-a-deep-fault-
filled-with-fresh-water-in/0_90392031.html