NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 4 MODULE

SPACE PLANNING I

ARCH. MARIAN JOYCE B. CORPUZ

INSTRUCTOR I
 AUTHORSHIP + DISCLAIMER

This module was prepared by Arch. Marian Joyce B. Corpuz.

Data, information, illustrations and/or photos provided therein are all product of
research. The author does not claim any of the information provided as her own.
Always check the values given in this module against the original references. For
queries, contact the author at corpuzmarianjoyce@gmail.com.
COURSE SYLLABUS
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1:
Introduction to Architectural Design 4
(Space Planning)

CHAPTER 2:
Esquisse No. 01: Motorist Hotel (Motel)

CHAPTER 3:
Esquisse No. 02: Public Plaza

CHAPTER 4:
Major Plate No. 01: Retreat Center

CHAPTER 5:
Esquisse No. 03: Architects’ Office

CHAPTER 6:
Esquisse No. 04: Laboratory Clinic

CHAPTER 7:
Major Plate No. 02: Home For The Elderly
 CHAPTER 01
INTRODUCTION TO SPACE PLANNING

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
• Learn the basic components of Space Planning.
• Know the elements, factors, considerations of Space Planning.
• Understand the concepts of the Space Planning.
CHAPTER 01:
INTRODUCTION | WHAT IS SPACE PLANNING?

As architects and planners, our job is to create and transform spaces to tell our
client’s story and promote their vision with innovative design solutions. Each client
and their needs differ. The space created should symbolize the heart of the
organization and afford the inhabitants both comfort and convenience.

Generally people assume that a space has interior designers selecting furniture
and finishes, but not everyone knows an outstanding space was carefully
mapped out through space planning – an essential step in the interior design
process. Space planning organizes the space, furniture and functions to work
together and most effectively accommodate the needs of the employees and
visitors.

Space planning is an in-depth analysis of how physical space is used in structures.

It considers the purpose of spaces and who will use them. Space planning is a
process that takes several steps, and it's an important component for the work of
interior designers and architects.

When creative planning techniques are used in organizing a space, studies show
employee engagement, client retention and innovation are boosted.

Space planning helps ensure efficient use of floor space without wasting it. If done
right, it also accounts for all possible uses of a given space. When the process is
completed, it can result in a comprehensive space plan. This is a drawing that
identifies the needs and required elements of spaces, including windows, doors,
and even furniture within them.

Architects begin space planning by gathering information. They need to know

several things before they can draft a space plan. Keep in mind that these steps
need to be considered for all spaces in a building, including how those spaces
connect.

First, the purpose of structures and spaces needs to be defined. How will the
space be used? A building might be commercial, industrial, or residential.
Structures with different purposes have very different space needs, and their use
will help determine how it is allocated. Some spaces might have more than one
function, and they might need to be flexible. An elementary school gym is a good
example of a flexible space that can transform into a cafeteria.
CONSIDERATIONS IN SPACE PLANNING

Next, think about how time will be spent in the building. Depending on the industry
and type of business, employees might sit at their desk all day, they might
collaborate and work in large groups or perhaps have a work style that falls
somewhere in between. Most office environments will need to accommodate
these possibilities in one way or another.

Finally, there should be a focus on designing a space that is ergonomically friendly

for employees. Carefully selected furniture allows employees to both sit and stand
in their workstation. Certain opportunities for activity can stimulate productivity
and health. For example, eliminating waste cans at each station and offering one
central trash/recycle station will get employees up and walking, if even for short
period of time.

The bottom line is, thoughtful space planning techniques are used by businesses
looking to become more efficient and increase productivity. More efficiency in a
space leads to higher productivity and greater employee satisfaction. Employee
satisfaction can lead to better, more innovative work which benefits an
organization as a whole.

Intelligent space planning involves consideration of the following factors:

 FUNCTION AND ZONING

 DIMENSIONS AND SHAPE OF THE SPACE
 SITE, ORIENTATION AND CLIMATE
 ECONOMY
 STRETCHING SPACE
 CIRCULATION PATTERNS (TRAFFIC FLOWS)
 STORAGE
 PERMANENT FIXTURES (KITCHEN AND BATH SPACES)
 SPECIAL NEEDS FOR ELDERLY OR DISABLED USERS
 EMOTION AND PSYCHOLOGY
 APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
1. FUNCTION AND ZONING

Arguably the most important among space allocation considerations is a

functional analysis of the space. The functional use of the space can be
graphically illustrated.

Typically, homes have four zones: social zones; work zones (kitchen, utility, office);
private zones (bedrooms, bathrooms); and storage zones (cupboards, closets
and cabinets). There are normally functional interrelationships between zones –
certain zones have an adjacency relationship to one another – a kitchen is
traditionally sited close to the dining area and bedrooms are typically grouped
around a shared bathroom. Other zones may overlap – the kitchen-diner or
‘great room’ is an increasingly popular feature of modern homes. The space-
planning process recognizes which areas and functions are to be interrelated;
that is to say, in a well-designed space, activities should flow smoothly and
effectively from one zoned area into another.

Diagramming is the process of placing a two- or three-dimensional graphical

representation of the proposed space on paper (Nielson et al, p.103). The
schematics are refined in stages, from rudimentary bubble diagrams to a finished
floor plan, which will form the basis of the blueprints or working drawings.

2. DIMENSIONS AND SHAPE OF THE SPACE

The research phase of the Design Process involves ascertaining the adequate
floor space for each activity area within the building. Generally, around 80 per
cent of the available area is allocated to living space, 10 per cent for passage
and 10 per cent for storage (Nielson et al, p.104). With the aim of creating good
designs for comfortable interior living, the sizes, shapes and spatial arrangement
of the interior spaces should determine the exterior shape of the building,
although in reality the desired style and proportions of the exterior may constrain
the interior shapes or sizes.

The shape of the interior space has both horizontal and vertical dimensions.
Rectangular rooms are the easiest to build and decorate, but are less
architecturally interesting than spaces with curved or angled walls and ceilings,
which may create the impression of greater space and so serve to visually expand
the actual dimensions of the interior.
3. SITE, ORIENTATION AND CLIMATE

The size and shape of the space may be determined by constraints of the site,
such as the size of the building plot, the slope of the site, the location of nearby
buildings or the style of neighboring architecture.

The orientation of the site (the direction the plot faces) will influence the
fenestration and good design will take full advantage of the solar aspects (the
direction of sunshine).

Planning for climate is an important consideration of design. Homes in Finland will

have different planning from those in California, for example, because houses in
colder climes are designed to provide protection from winter cold and residences
in hotter climes must provide respite from the heat from the sun.

4. ECONOMY

Economy is a paramount consideration in space planning. In most cases, the

client will need to impose a maximum spending limit, or a financial limit may be
determined indirectly by the client’s lender. The first economic consideration will
be the amount of space, which directly affects the cost of the building. Two-
storey dwellings are less costly to construct (per square metre of living space)
than single-storey living space, since a single roof and set of foundations can
serve all levels, fireplaces can be stacked and plumbing and electrical systems
can be centralized.

The volume and shape of the building also affect construction costs. Buildings
with high ceilings cost incur the cost of additional building materials and labour.
Square or rectangular buildings cost less to build (per square metre) than L-
shaped, U-shaped or angular buildings with many gables (roof points) and dormer
windows in the roof. Careful forward structural planning to accommodate
possible future extension or remodelling can prove economical by avoiding major
structural changes when the time comes.

It can be economical to incorporate multi-use areas which can accommodate

more than one activity concurrently, or can easily be transformed for alternative
uses. Multi-use space is generally open-plan space, allowing greater flexibility to
re-arrange furniture for alternative functions, and the omission of walls would
represent an additional cost saving.

As modern homes often have less space, it may be desirable to create the
impression of spaciousness. ‘Stretching space’ to make areas appear larger, is
effectively a space-saving technique and represents another form of economy.
5. STRETCHING SPACE
A number of structural devices can be employed to ‘expand’ the space:

 Open-plans with few structural walls

 Use of half-walls or transparent walls
 Extensive use of windows and glass in doors
 Vertical space, accomplished with vaulted ceilings, 1.5-storey ceilings or
skylights

A number of decorative devices can make small spaces appear larger:

 Light colors appear to recede, making light-colored walls seem further

away
 Smooth textures expand space
 Wall-to-wall floor coverings make the floor area appear larger
 Strong vertical lines direct the eye upwards, making ceilings appear higher
 Floor-length window treatments can make walls look taller
 Use of horizontal holdings can give the impression of greater width
 Small-scale furnishings make the space appear larger
 Mirrors can be positioned (e.g. to reflect a view from a window) so as to
expand space
 Use of small-scale pattern, or no pattern at all
 Use of glass tables and other transparent materials
 Furnishings that show their legs, rather than upholstered skirts

5. STRETCHING SPACE

Conversely, too much space can be as big a dilemma as too little space. Areas
that are larger than human scale in height or space, can amplify and echo noise,
provide little opportunity for privacy, and seem unwelcoming.

 A number of decorative devices can also make large spaces appear

smaller:
 Dark colors make space seem smaller
 Heavy textures reduce space
 Furniture can be arranged into a number of functional or conversational
groupings
 Area rugs can divide the space into separate areas or emphasize furniture
groupings
  Use of heavy or large-scale furnishings
 Use of large-scale pattern
 Use of furniture that is solid to the floor, or soft furnishings with upholstered
skirts
6. CIRCULATION PATTERNS

Circulation patterns are also referred to as ‘traffic flow’. Space planning entails
careful evaluation of traffic flow between rooms and between areas within
rooms. Traffic patterns may be depicted as lines and arrows on a bubble
diagram. Direct traffic flow should be hindered as little as possible.

 Some pitfalls to avoid in managing traffic patterns:

 Rooms that act as hallways, providing the only access to other rooms
 Areas too small to accommodate furniture and circulation
 Door locations that force circulation through conversation furniture
groupings
 Traffic where private areas or untidy work areas are open to view.

Heavy traffic areas in homes such as hallways and staircases must be sufficiently
wide to accommodate two-way traffic, typically 1-1.5 meters in width. Doors
should be placed towards the corner of a room to avoid dissecting the wall space
and to maximize flexibility for furniture placement.

7. STORAGE

Possessions are hard to part with so storage fills up quickly. Storage areas should
be located at the point of first or most frequent use. Storage zones are required
in or near specific locations throughout the home:

 The entrance hall for coats, shoes, scarves, gloves

 The kitchen for food, cookware, crockery, appliances, cleaning products
 The utility or laundry room for washing machine, dryer, mops, brooms,
vacuum
 Linen cupboard for towels, bed linen (often housing a hot water tank)
 Bedroom wardrobes and cupboards for clothing
 Bathroom cupboards for toiletries
 Study or home office for books, paper, stationery supplies, computer
equipment
  Family room for DVDs, CDs
 Tool shed or outside storage for garden and maintenance tools and
equipment.

8. PERMANENT FIXTURES

Rooms that contain built-in fixtures require particularly careful planning.

Permanent fixtures are treated as structural components, specified by the
architect or designer, and included on the floor plan. Kitchens, bathrooms and
laundry rooms contain permanent fixtures and other rooms may also contain built-
in cabinetry.

The kitchen is often the hub of the family home; the center for food storage,
preparation, service and dining. Kitchens have also become an important center
for entertaining – a setting for hosts to cook and converse with guests.

Kitchen and bathroom design are specialized fields of interior design. Certified
kitchen designers consider all aspects of lifestyle when designing a kitchen for
clients, including family traffic patterns, how many family members prepare the
meals, their physical proportions and any special needs.

Planning an efficient kitchen layout involves assigning work zones to the different
activities involved in food preparation. The three main activity zones, and the
traffic flow between them, are commonly sited to form a so-called ‘working
triangle’:
Refrigerator zone

 Cooking zone
 Sink/cleanup zone
 An important part of kitchen planning is to decide where the refrigerator,
sink and cooker will be sited in relation to one another. Walking distance
among these three areas should be at least 2 meters, to avoid activities
becoming too crowded, and not more than 7 meters to avoid exhaustion.
9. SPECIAL NEEDS FOR ELDERLY OR DISABLED USERS

The ageing population, and the growing number of people aged over 65 who
maintain a longer period of independent living, require adaptations in traditional
kitchen design. Safety considerations are paramount, as well as comfort and
convenience for users who may have impaired movement. The kitchen must be
planned for accessibility, with no excessively high or low shelving to avoid
bending and work surfaces at a comfortable height.

Interiors for people with disabilities may require particular modifications to

facilitate independent living. Wheelchair users, for example, require modified
spaces and dimensions. Under anti-discrimination legislation (the Disability
Discrimination Act 1995, in England and Wales, and the Americans with Disabilities
Act 1990), landlords have a duty to make reasonable adjustments to make rental
properties suitable for people with disabilities.

The law requires that public spaces be designed to facilitate universal access.
The principle of universal design means that new facilities should meet the needs
of all users instead of providing separate means of entry for wheelchair users and
those with ‘ambulant’ impairments requiring the use of walking aids, which draw
attention to those disabilities. Universal design is an ideal which it may not be
possible to realize fully. In older buildings, for example, it may not be practical or
desirable to tear down staircases and replace them with means of entry which
are accessible to all, so installing separate ramps or ramps may remain a
necessary compromise.

Space-planning considerations for those with impaired motion include minimum

clearance of 1 meter for wheelchair access, and 1 square meter of clear turning
space for wheelchairs.

10. EMOTION AND PSYCHOLOGY

Interior designs that are intended to be psychologically or emotionally appealing,

or to evoke a certain mood, can be accomplished by the shape, size and scale
of the interior, as well by the use of certain materials, colors and textures.

Dividing interior space into different sizes addresses different human needs. Small
spaces provide a sense of security, comfort and intimacy, as well as an
opportunity for users to feel a sense of ownership and belonging. Conversely,
large spaces fulfil the need to feel free of confinement and tall spaces can cause
us to feel exhilarated by their immensity.
11. APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

Effective space planning necessitates careful consideration of the principles of

design – harmony, emphasis, rhythm, balance and scale – in order to create
effective and aesthetically pleasing interiors. The scale and proportion of interiors
should always be related to the scale and proportions of the human frame.

12. SKILLFUL USE OF THE ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

The objective of achieving a balance between functionality and aesthetics in

space planning is accomplished by manipulating the elements of design – shape,
mass, light, line, pattern, color and texture.
 CHAPTER 02:
ESQUISSE NO. 01 | MOTORIST HOTEL

LEARNING OUTCOMES
• Learn the basic planning of motels.
• Know the considerations and standards for motel planning.

• Understand the importance of motel accommodation and

hospitality.
CHAPTER 02:
ESQUISSE NO. 01 | MOTORIST HOTEL (MOTEL)

A motel or motor lodge is a hotel designed for motorists and usually having a
parking area for motor vehicles. The term referred initially to a type of hotel
consisting of a single building of connected rooms whose doors faced a parking
lot and in some circumstances, a common area or a series of small cabins with
common parking. Motels are often individually owned, though motel chains do
exist.
As large highway systems began to be developed in the 1920s, long-distance
road journeys became more common, and the need for inexpensive, easily
accessible overnight accommodation sites close to the main routes led to the
growth of the motel concept. Motels peaked in popularity in the 1960s with rising
car travel, only to decline in response to competition from the newer chain hotels
that became commonplace at highway interchanges as traffic was bypassed
onto newly constructed freeways.

Most people stay a few weeks or a few months, but you can usually stay up to 1
year if you like. Extended stay hotels have set daily rates, weekly rates, and
monthly rates if you plan to stay more than 30 nights.

What's the difference between lodges /hotels/motels? A Hotel is a building with

interior corridors that the various rooms are off of. A Motel is short for Motor Hotel.
It does not have interior corridors, and a Lodge is either, usually a Hotel, in a rustic
area and the building itself is also rustic.

ARCHITECTURE

Motels differ from hotels in their location along highways, as opposed to the urban
cores favored by hotels, and their orientation to the outside (in contrast to hotels,
whose doors typically face an interior hallway). Motels almost by definition include
a parking lot, while older hotels were not usually built with automobile parking in
mind.

Because of their low-rise construction, the number of rooms which would fit on
any given amount of land was low compared to the high-rise urban hotels which
had grown around train stations. The automobile brought mobility and the motel
could appear anywhere on the vast network of two-lane highways.
LAYOUT

Motels are typically constructed in an "I"-, "L"-, or "U"-shaped layout that includes
guest rooms; an attached manager's office; a small reception; and in some
cases, a small diner and a swimming pool. A motel was typically single-story with
rooms opening directly onto a parking lot, making it easy to unload suitcases from
a vehicle. A second story, if present, would face onto a balcony served by
multiple stairwells.

ROOM-TYPES
In some motels, a handful of rooms would be larger and contain kitchenettes or
apartment-like amenities; these rooms were marketed at a higher price as
"efficiencies" as their occupants could prepare food themselves instead of
incurring the cost of eating all meals in restaurants. Rooms with connecting doors
(so that two standard rooms could be combined into one larger room) also
commonly appeared in both hotels and motels.

TYPES OF MOTELS AND BED SIZES

CITY MOTEL

Built in town or on edge of town intended for business traders with transaction in
downtown area
MOTOR ANNEX
Adjoins an existing hotel in the city.
HIGHWAY MOTOR HOTEL
Provides room-side parking for travelers.
RESORT MOTEL

Intended for guest already at their destination that requires ample recreational
facilities.
AIRPORT INN
Built at a major international airport offering a large and high class operation.
STANDARD BED SIZES
SINGLE BED – 1.05 M. WIDE (42”)
FULL SIZE BED – 1.35 M. WIDE (54”)
QUEEN SIZE BED – 1.50 M. WIDE (60”)
KING SIZE BED – 1.80 M. WIDE (72”)

*AVERAGE BED LENGTH:

1.95 M. (78”) – 2.10 M. (84”) LONG

PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS

A typical motorist looks for a lodging that is not a break in his journey but part of
it. This means direct under-cover access from motor car to room. Ideally, the car
should remain accessible throughout his stay.

Further, he wants to remain preoccupied his journey. He is not geared up to the

ritual of a stylish arrival, and wants to meet as few people as possible.

The traditional hotel is run on the assumption that social contacts may make one’s
stay more pleasant. The motorist, although needing the very maximum amount
of service in a very short time, would like to avoid a corresponding multiplication
of the costs and courtesies of tipping.

Also, to know in advance, not the probable, but the accurate total cost of a
night’s lodging. This is answered by the system of paying in advance, and offers
no special architectural complications.

STANDARD REQUIREMENTS (MOTEL)

The minimum requirements for the establishment, operation and maintenance of

motels:
 LOCATION
 GARAGE
 BEDROOM
 TOILET AND BATHROOM
 TELEPHONE
 STAFF AND SERVICE
  MEDICAL SERVICES
 FIRE FIGHTING FACILITIES
 LIGHTING
 HOUSEKEEPING
 MAINTENANCE
 OTHER FACILITIES
 SIGNBOARD

STANDARD REQUIREMENTS (MOTEL)

 LOCATION - The motel, except those already existing shall be located along
or close to the highways or major transportation routes. It shall have at least
ten (10) units.

 GARAGE - The motel shall have an individual garage or a common parking

space for the vehicle of its guests.

 BEDROOM - The motel shall have an individual garage or a common

parking space for the vehicle of its guests. Each unit shall be provided with
a fully air-conditioned bedroom, or at least, an electric fan, and shall be
furnished with comfortable bed/s, clean pillows, linen and bed sheets.

 TOILET AND BATHROOM - The unit shall be provided with attached toilet and
bathroom with cold and hot water, clean towels, tissue paper and soap.

 TELEPHONE - There shall be a telephone or call-bell in each unit.

 STAFF AND SERVICE - The motel staff shall be trained, experienced,

courteous and efficient. They must be available at all times.
 MEDICAL SERVICES - Medical services on an emergency basis shall be
made available.

 FIRE FIGHTING FACILITIES - Adequate fire-fighting facilities shall be provided

for each separate unit/building, in accordance with the Fire Code of the
Philippines.

 LIGHTING - Adequate fire-fighting facilities shall be provided for each

separate unit/building, in accordance with the Fire Code of the Philippines.

 HOUSEKEEPING - Efficient housekeeping shall be maintained.

 MAINTENANCE - Efficient maintenance of the motel in all its sections (i.e.

building ground, furniture, fixtures, public rooms, air-conditioning, etc.) shall
be provided on a continuing basis.

 OTHER FACILITIES - The motel may, at its option, serve food and drinks
exclusively to its guests, and install such other special facilities necessary for
their business.

 SIGNBOARD – Signboards and signage should be visible and readable.

CHAPTER 03:
ESQUISSE NO. 02 | PUBLIC PLAZA
LEARNING OUTCOMES

 Learn the basic planning of public plazas.

 Know the considerations and standards for public plaza planning.
 Understand the importance of public plazas in the community and the
society.

CHAPTER 03:
ESQUISSE NO. 02 | PUBLIC PLAZA

A public plaza is a community amenity that serves a variety of users including

building tenants and visitors and members of the public.
An open space available for civic purposes and commercial activities and usually
attached to an important building.

Public plazas can play an important role for a community. They often serve as a
symbol for a community’s identity and can act as a city or town’s “living room,”
where people gather for special events and everyday social interaction. Public
plazas can also be an economic catalyst that attracts visitors and new businesses
to a community.

QUALITIES OF PUBLIC PLAZA

 Should be accessible.
 Should be comfortable.
 Have a pleasant imagery.
 Should have an engaging activities.
 Should be sociable.

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

1. IMAGE AND IDENTITY

Historically, squares or plazas were the center of communities, and they

traditionally helped shape the identity of entire cities. Sometimes a fountain or
landmark was used to give the square a strong image.

2. ATTRACTIONS AND DESTINATIONS

Any great square has a variety of smaller "places" within it to appeal to various
people. These can include outdoor cafés, fountains, sculpture, etc. These
attractions don't need to be big to make the square a success. In fact, some of
the best civic squares have numerous small attractions such as a vendor cart or
playground that, when put together, draw people throughout the day.
3. AMENITIES

A square/plaza should feature amenities that make it comfortable for people to

use. A bench or waste receptacle in just the right location can make a big
difference in how people choose to use a place. Lighting can strengthen a
square's identity while highlighting specific activities, entrances, or pathways.
Public art can be a great magnet for children of all ages to come together.
Whether temporary or permanent, a good amenity will help establish a convivial
setting for social interaction.

4. FLEXIBLE DESIGN

A square/plaza should feature amenities that make it comfortable for people to

use. A bench or waste receptacle in just the right location can make a big
difference in how people choose to use a place. Lighting can strengthen a
square's identity while highlighting specific activities, entrances, or pathways.
Public art can be a great magnet for children of all ages to come together.
Whether temporary or permanent, a good amenity will help establish a convivial
setting for social interaction.

5. SEASONAL STRATEGY

A successful square/plaza can't flourish with just one design or management

strategy. Great squares such as Bryant Park, the plazas of Rockefeller Center,
change with the seasons. Skating rinks, outdoor cafés, markets, horticulture
displays, art and sculpture help adapt our use of the space from one season to
the next.

6. ACCESSIBILITY

To be successful, a square needs to be easy to get to. The best squares are always
easily accessible by foot: Surrounding streets are narrow; crosswalks are well
marked; lights are timed for pedestrians, not vehicles; traffic moves slowly; and
transit stops are located nearby. A square surrounded by lanes of fast-moving
traffic will be cut off from pedestrians and deprived of its most essential element:
people.

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE STANDARDS

ASSEMBLY STRUCTURES

Assembly refers to any structure designed to accommodate and support

combined activities of large congregations of end-users.

OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATIONS
Public plaza can be categorized in,
GROUP E: BUSINESS AND MERCANTILE

DIVISION E-3 under accessory use such as parks, recreations and entertainment
buildings.

MINIMUM SETBACKS

GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

LAND-USE ZONING

PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
1. LOCATION

Where a plaza or small park is located has a definite impact on its level of activity.
Ideally, the public space should be “where the action is” - in other words, close
to popular destinations, busy businesses, or attractive activities. A good location
will draw people into a small park or plaza, which in term will make them feel safe
and comfortable being there.
2. SEATING

Parks and plazas are great places to meet and talk, so providing benches or some
other type of seating is essential.
3. PATHWALKS

Public plazas should encourage walkability. Creative walkways are the current
trend nowadays when it comes to public space design.
4. NATURE LANDSCAPING

While there may be a few examples of good public spaces without it, most
successful small parks and plazas have some natural landscaping (usually
deciduous trees and shrubs). It doesn’t necessarily have to be a large amount,
but such greenery provides shade during warmer seasons and a resting spot or
even habitat for wildlife.

5. LIGHTING

Sunlight and man-made lighting make a space feel more inviting, comfortable,
and safe. Sunlight also provides warmth, while man-made lighting illuminates
gathering places after the sun goes down. Lighting is also an important factor in
creating a safe and more crime-free environment.

6. WATER FEATURES

Fountains have traditionally been a feature of parks, both big and small. In more
recent times, the classic fountain has been replaced by interactive water
features, which provide a pleasing sound and allow people to cool off during hot
weather.
7. PUBLIC ART
Pieces of public art can enliven a space, both aesthetically and as a conversation
starter. Public art can be functional, or just fun and inviting.

8. PLAYGROUNDS/EQUIPMENTS

This is important for some types of plazas, such as those that are heavily visited by
children or lunchtime visitors. The presence of children is a good indicator of how
welcoming a public park or plaza actually is, so having facilities that cater to them
makes good sense. And recreational facilities that cater to “young at heart”
adults, such as giant chess boards, ping pong tables, and foosball tables are
becoming increasingly popular.

9. ENTERTAINMENT

Scheduling a program of activities, such as a weekly farmers market or a concert

series, can entice people to a public space.

10. FOOD BANKS

Provision of food outlets/food carts is also a vital addition since food is an essential
in public places.

11. OTHERS

Other features that are nice to have include an inviting entrance to the space,
delineation of the park or plaza’s boundaries (such as short plantings, short
fences, or differentiated pavement materials), protection from the elements, and
adjacent buildings that provide a sense of enclosure to the public space. Also,
biking lanes, jogging lanes and other areas that can be used for exercise.
 CHAPTER 04:
MAJOR PLATE NO. 01 | RETREAT CENTER

LEARNING OUTCOMES

 Learn the basic planning of retreat centers.

 Know the considerations and standards for retreat centers.
 Understand the importance and vitality of retreat centers to the society.
CHAPTER 04:
MAJOR PLATE NO. 01 | RETREAT CENTER

Retreat, means to withdraw, to drawback.

It is a place in which people can temporarily get away from the hustle of life. A
sanctuary in which humans can reconnect with nature and be re-charge, have
inner peace and clearer minds.
A place wherein they can meditate or build social and individual values.

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE STANDARDS

OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATIONS
Retreat center can be categorized under GROUP H - DIVISION H-2
- Any assembly building without stage and occupant of load of 300 or more.

ZONING CLASSIFICATIONS
PARK STRUCTURES, RECREATION & ENTERTAINMENT
- Abbreviated as “PRE”
- Usually Low to Medium Rise Structures
- Low to Medium Intensity Recreational functions

BUILDING HEIGHT LIMIT

PARK STRUCTURES, RECREATION & ENTERTAINMENT
- 15 meters or BHL of major zone

A.) PARK STRUCTURES, RECREATION & ENTERTAINMENT

 - 1 car slot for every 50 sq.m of congregation area
- 1 jeepney/shuttle for every 50 sq.m of congregation area
- 1 bus parking slot for every 200 spectators.
MINIMUM SETBACK

PLUMBING CODES OF THE PHILIPPINES

ASSEMBLY PLACES (FOR EMPLOYEE USE)

ASSEMBLY PLACES (FOR PUBLIC USE)

PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS (RETREAT CENTER)
LOCATION

A retreat center located in a beautiful locale with easy access to nature’s beauty
will prove quite fulfilling for the people. The retreat should be located in an area
that provides direct and quick access to amenities, scenic spaces and other
nearby opportunities for your retreat group to enjoy.

SITE AND SPACE PLANNING

 Entrance foyer or the main entry point should reflect the whole concept of
retreat area.
 The circulation passages should be easily connecting all major areas of the
site.
 Open spaces should be developed as activity zones.
 There should be segregation of public, private and semi-private zones.
 The site should be in a peaceful area where a person can connect to his
inner soul easily.

THINGS TO DO/ACTIVITIES

Creative retreat center personnel are always looking for new and fun things for
retreat participants to enjoy. Your retreat center should have multiple options for
group activities and outings. There should be indoor and outdoor activities to
choose from so there will always be something to do even when the weather
does not cooperate.
A typical retreat center should have a REJUVENATION CENTER which should have
facilities/spaces like:

 GYMNASIUM
 YOGA AREA
 SAUNA ROOM
 MASSAGE ROOM
 PRIVATE MEDITATION SPACES
 MEDITATION HALL
 PRAYER ROOMS

ACCOMODATION/LODGING

The guests should comfortable rooms, bedding, and good food. They can also
have easy access to one or several large meeting spaces or other recreation
areas. This experience should have the feel and comfort of home.

LANDSCAPING/WATERSCAPING

One of the most important factors is that nature must be well incorporated. Since
nature is aligned with healing, comfort and peace, it is important to provide
adequate land and water elements.

HANDICAP CAPABILITIES

Leading retreat centers have wheelchair ramps and other facilities for
handicapped individuals. This way, if anyone in a group is handicapped, mobility
challenged or suffers an injury, entering and exiting retreat center facilities will
prove easy.

Swiss Architect Peter Zumthor’s declaration that “Architecture is a balance of

emotion and reason” stands out in the retreats. This mood is created through the
rectilinear plan, the functionality of spaces and materiality. He also taps the
physical, emotional and spiritual side to come out. Sight, touch and smell are
experienced with how he designed with material and light. Provision of facilities
for people to rejuvenate their emotional and physical states shall be the main
objective for this project.
TYPES OF RETREAT CENTER
THE ARTISTIC/CREATIVE RETREAT

This retreat offers an environment for those who seek a space to focus their
energies in art, writing, music, movement and other creative endeavors.

THE NATURE/OUTDOOR RETREAT

For those who are seeking to immerse themselves in the beauty and activity of
the world of nature.

THE GARDENING/FARMING RETREAT

For those who love plants and birds.

THE QUIET/REFLECTIVE RETREAT

For those who need to view within, to reset their priorities of life, to find and/or
deepen and strengthened their spiritual roots.

THE COUNSELING RETREAT

Offers a safe place to enter into your inner healing, to engage in deep and
concentrated pastoral psychotherapy with highly skilled counselors who have
many years of experience.
CHAPTER ACTIIVITY
MAJOR PLATE NO. 01 (RETREAT CENTER)

MAJOR PLATE NO.01-PROJECT TITLE:

RETREAT CENTER

PROJECT LOCATION:
The proposed project is located at Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

The administration of NEUST has decided to develop the vast land of its Gabaldon
campus by proposing a Retreat Center for the students, staffs and faculty of the
university. They wanted to have a space for recreation and relaxation where they
can get away from the hustle and bustle of their daily lives for a period of time. A
place for temporary getaway from the city. A sanctuary where they can
reconnect with nature. The propose project is programmed for various activities
specifically highlighting the physical and mental health and wellness of every
individual. The said project will also be the venue for other group and individual
activities such as team buildings and summer camps.

DESIGN CONCEPT:

Organic Architecture - promotes harmony between human habitation and the

natural world through design approaches so sympathetic and well integrated
with its site and that buildings, furnishing, surroundings become a part of a unified
interrelated composition.

PROJECT SITE FEATURES:

The property is an uphill clearing interior lot with a 6-meter service road at the front
facing south with a frontage of 150 meters. The site is measured 170 meters
eastward and 120 meters towards west. The northern portion is faced by a 6-meter
wide stream. The perimeter of the lot on both sides are surrounded with lush of
coniferous and deciduous trees.
DRAWING REQUIREMENTS:
 Conceptual Analysis/Framework

 Site Analysis NTS

 Site Development Plan 1:300 mts

 Floor Plan(s) 1:150 mts

 (1) Elevation + (1) Section 1:150 mts

 (for each plan/building)

 One (1) Aerial Perspective NTS

 Two (2) Interior Perspectives NTS

MEDIUM TO BE USE:
20 X 30 PARCHMENT PAPER
A3 WATER COLOR PAPER (FOR PERSPECTIVES)

SPACE REQUIREMENTS:
ADMINISTRATION BUILDING
(Open Planning)
• Accounting
• Marketing
• Operations
• Cashier
• Reception + Lounge area

6 DORM-TYPE BUILDINGS
For each dorm building, spaces must include:
• Good for 30 pax.
• Common T&B
• Common lounge area

10 VILLA-TYPE BUILDINGS
For each villa, spaces must include:
• 3-Bedrooms
• Kitchen
• Dining area
• Living area

1 STAFF HOUSE
• Good for 16 pax.
• Common t&b
• Kitchen
• Dining area
• Living area

1 MESS HALL
• Good for 200 pax.
• Kitchen + Storage
OTHER SPACES:
• CHAPEL
• MEDITATION GARDEN/S
• LANDSCAPE / WATERSCAPE
• ACTIVITY GROUND
• MULTI-PURPOSE / RECREATIONAL HALL
• PARKING SPACE
• HOUSEKEEPING
• LAUNDRY AREA
• UTILITY SERVICES
• GARBAGE DISPOSAL AREA

*NOTE: You can add other spaces as long as it compliment the provided space
requirements and if you think it’s essential on the proposed project.