Commission on Higher Education

CORDOVA PUBLIC COLLEGE

Gabi, Cordova Cebu

MODULE 2

ETHICS (GE 8)

NAME: JONATHAN T. BALBON COURSE, YR. AND SEC.:BSHM 2C DATE COMPLETED: _______

.COURSE CONTENT: CHAPTER 1: THE ETHICAL DIMENSION OF HUMAN EXISTENCE (continuation)

I.OBJECTIVES: At the end of this chapter, you should be able to:

1.Identify the ethical aspect of human life and the scope of ethical thinking;

2.Define and explain the terms that are relevant to ethical thinking; and

3.Evaluate the difficulties that are involved in maintaining certain commonly-held notions on ethics.

III.SUMMARY: (Continuation of the summary in CHAPTER 1)

Lesson: To be uploaded on our group chats.

               

CLARIFICATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY: Recognizing the notions of good and bad, and right and wrong,
are the primary concern of ethics. In order to start, it would be useful to clarify the following points.

KINDS OF VALUATION

1.AESTHETICS- derived from the Greek word “aisthesis” (“sense” or “feeling”) and refers to the
judgments of personal approval or disapproval that we make about what we see, hear, smell, or taste.

2.ETIQUETTE- which is concerned with right and wrong actions, but those which might be considered
not quite grave enough to belong to a discussion on ethics.
3.TECHNICAL VALUATION- right and wrong technique of doing things; derive from the Greek word
“techne” the English words “technique” and “technical” which are often used to refer to a proper way
( or right way) of doing things.

ETHICS AND MORALS

The term “morals” may be used to refer to specific beliefs or attitudes that people have or to describe
acts that people perform. Thus, it is sometimes said that an individual’s personal conduct is referred to
as his morals, and if he falls short of behaving properly, this can be described as immoral.

The term “ethics” can be spoken as the discipline of studying and understanding ideal human behavior
and ideal ways of thinking. Thus, ethics is acknowledged as an intellectual discipline belonging to
philosophy.

DESCRIPTIVE AND NORMATIVE

Descriptive study of ethics reports how people, particularly groups, make their moral valuations without
making any judgment either for or against these valuations. 

Normative study of ethics, as is often done in philosophy or moral theology, engages the question: What
could or should be considered as the right way of acting>? In other words, a normative discussion
prescribes what we ought to maintain as our standards or bases for moral valuation.

ISSUE, DECISION, JUDGMENT, and DILEMMA 

Moral issue- a situation that calls for moral valuation; also often used to refer to those particular
situations that are often the source of considerable and inconclusive debate.

Moral decision- when one is placed in a situation and confronted by the choice of what act to perform.

Moral Judgment- when a person is an observer who makes an assessment on the actions or behavior of
someone.

Moral dilemma- wherein one is torn between choosing one of two goods or choosing between the
lesser of two evils.

Lessons:

IV.       ACTIVITY: 

            Direction: Understand and answer the following questions.

1.Identify a list of: (Discuss whether these are ethical in nature or not)

(a) Obligations we are expected to fulfill

– As individuals, we must persevere and play a meaningful role

that is beneficial to the community in which we live. We have responsibilities both to ourselves and to

others. Those obligations, on the other hand, should be justified on the basis of humanity, not self-

interest.

(b) Prohibition we are required to respect

- Everyone is expected to respect others' traits, properties,

morals, and inclinations, among other things. We are also expected to respect the law. To maintain

wonderful and solid relationships with everyone, we must recognize and do what the law requires of us.

(c) Ideals we are encouraged to meet

- We are asked to continually practice the proper principles and

decent behaviour. This is to emphasize the importance of valuing humanity's profundity. One of the

values we are to uphold is our honesty, love for others, service, and foundation for those who are

unfortunate

                  2.   Are clothes a matter of pure aesthetic taste, or does it make sense for clothes to become a
subject j. a discussion of ethics? Why? How about other forms of adornment, such as tattoos and
piercings?

Clothing, in my opinion, has a moral component. While the human body is innately attractive,
it is also susceptible to decency and modesty, which seems to be lost on the experimental, radical, or
unconventional avant-garde of current fashion. Pushing such boundaries does not appeal to me, either
aesthetically or practically. The visual brutality they attempt to commit has solved the moral issue for
me. If their purpose with their products is to insult as many people as possible, it is no longer art but
politics.

     3.   Make a comment on this statement: "What I believe must be true if I feel very strongly
about it."

What I believe is based on faith, because faith is a belief in something for which there is little or
no evidence. Is this true? I'm not sure, but I think it's true. Atheists would want me to prove the
existence of my God, but how could I prove something that has no proof? God, according to my religion,
exists. However, some individuals seem to be unable to grasp the concept of faith. I don't require
evidence because I have trust. If I don't require evidence, the onus is on the atheist to show God doesn't
exist. So, as a believer, what I think must be true, not because I have strong feelings about it, but
because I have unwavering trust in it. If I'm correct, I'll live happily ever after. What if I'm mistaken? Let's
just hope I'm not. In any case, the atheist has nothing to look forward to. That's what they think. That's
OK.

     4.   Is looking after the benefit of your own family over all other aspects considered as another form
of egoism? Discuss.

No, I do not believe that prioritizing your family's needs is egoism; it is natural to prioritize your
family's needs. It may be if you tread on other people's heads while doing so. When you disobey the
golden rule and use your family as an excuse, I believe it to be egoism. Not only that, but you may be
psychopathic, sociopathic, or narcissistic. Cutting in line to acquire what you want in life is not
praiseworthy, at least in my opinion. It's humiliating and needs to be chastised by everyone.

V. EVALUATION:

      Study your answers about this module. 

Prepared By: Ma. Ivy B. Berame

                        Instructor