CHAPTER 1 Biological Hazard – biological substance that
PROMOTING SAFETY AND HEALTH AS AN
ENGINEER’S PROFESSIONAL AND
ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
The goal of occupational safety and health
engineering is to prevent occupational disease
and injury by management of the work
environment.
The operating principle is to
systematically provide worker protection.
Safety engineering – prevention of traumatic
injury in the workplace.
Occupational Health Engineering -
prevention of occupational diseases resulting
from exposure to hazardous agents.
Ergonomics - human factors such as fatigue
and proneness to error.
SECTION 2: INFORMATION NEEDS OF
PRACTICING ENGINEERS AND RELATED
PROFESSIONALS
1. Practicing Engineers – though hazard
control technology is the special
province of industrial hygiene and safety
engineers, practitioners of many other
engineering disciplines have urgent
needs for information in this field.
2. Industrial Hygiene Engineers and
Professional safety Engineers – highly
specialized group in occupational safety
and health
3. Industrial Hygienists and Safety
Practitioners –
4. Other Professionals – members of any
other professional groups could benefit
from increased knowledge of how to
control occupational hazards by
engineering means.
TYPES OF INFORMATION NEEDED
1. Types and areas of hazards
2. Legal and ethical responsibilities
Physical Hazard – agent factor or
circumstance that can cause physical harm Ex:
radiation, heat and cold stress, vibration, noise,
fall, machine.
Chemical Hazard – caused by exposure to
chemicals in the workplace. Ex: drugs,
cosmetics, cleaning chemicals, diesel, fuel, and
flammable liquids.
poses a threat to the health of living organisms,
primarily humans. Ex: bacteria, viruses,
insects, plants, and birds.
Area of hazard – all design and process
engineers need information about safety
Legal and Ethical Responsibilities and
Liabilities of Engineers
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH)
- establish criteria for a desired result.
- specify equipment to be used.
Cost
Factors in considering the cost of having safety
workplace:
1. Engineering design
2. Capital cost
3. Cost for enclosure
4. Ventilation
5. Process change
6. Maintenance cost
Effectiveness
Effectiveness of controls depends on
monitoring 3 areas:
1. Product equipment
2. Process streams
3. Equipment installed solely for protection
of exposed workers.
Benefits
Benefits of engineering control hazards:
1. Lives can be saved and good health can
be promoted.
2. Penalties charged by OSHA can be
avoided.
3. Good will can be secured from
employees, stockholders, and the
public.
SECTION 3: EDUCATIONAL NEEDS IN THE
FIELD OF OCCUPATIONAL
TYPES
1. Incorporating occupational safety and
health into engineering education.
2. Providing specialized training in
occupational safety and health
engineering as professional fields.
3. Providing training in engineering
techniques and practices for
 practitioners of occupational safety and
health.
TYPES OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM
1. Academic Degree Program
2. Continuing Education Program
3. Information Services
Special Reasons for Promoting Occupational
Safety and Health Education
1. Avoid negligence of OSH Act
2. Promote public safety
3. Improve job performance
4. Salary
SECTION 4: NEEDED RESEARCH ON
ENGINEERING CONTROL OF CHEMICAL
HAZARDS
Approximately 68,000 chemicals have been
listed under the Toxic Substances Control Act
(TSCA).
Research Needed on Engineering Control of
Physical Hazards
Research Needed on Engineering Control of
Biological Hazards
Engineering controls for biological hazards
were developed mainly during the post-World-
War-II era as part of the biological warfare
effort.
CHAPTER 2 : OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
- deals with understanding the causes of
accidents at work and ways to prevent unsafe
act and unsafe conditions in any workplace.
 Housekeeping
 Materials Handling and Storage
 Fire Safety
 Electrical Safety
 Machine Safety
Housekeeping
- putting everything in proper place
- lessens accidents and related injuries and
illness
- improves productivity and minimizes
direct/indirect cost of accidents/illnesses.
Defining 5S
- Japanese concept that aims to optimize time
for production.
5S PHILOSOPHY
 Productivity comes from elimination of
waste
 It is necessary to attack the root cause
of a problem, not just the symptoms
5S Terms
1. Seiri / Sort / Suriin
Means sorting out unnecessary items and
discarding them.
2. Seiton / Systematize / Sinupin
Means organizing things.
3. Seiso / Sweep / Simutin
Means to sanitize or clean the workplace.
4. Seiketsu / Standardized / Siguruhin
Means there is a need to standardize what we
do.
5. Shitsuke / Self-Discipline / Sariling
Kusa
Means doing things without prodding
STEPS IN IMPLEMENTING 5S
Step 1: Preparations
 Understanding 5S and concepts by the
CEO
 CEO’s visit to 5S model companies
 CEO’s commitment to 5S
implementation
 Organize 5S working committee
 5S facilitator
Step 2: Management’s Official
Announcement
 CEO officially announce the 5S
implementation
Step 3: Big Clean-up Day
 Organize a big clean-up day after 5S
implementation and announcement by
CEO.
Step 4: Initial Seiri
 Establish initial standards for
unnecessary items.
Step 5: Periodic 5S audits
 Establish 5S evaluation and incentive
plan
 Conduct 5S evaluation and inspection
regularly
KEYPOINTS IN IMPLEMENTING 5S
- start small, easy, and proceed slowly but
steady.
- set simple, easily achievable and step by step
targets
- everyone’s participation is important
- management shall take leadership of 5S
movement
-record improvements for comparisons
- device schemes to stimulate awareness and
enthusiasm
BENEFITS OF GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
PRACTICES
 Reduced handling to ease the flow of
materials
 Fewer tripping and slipping accidents in
clutter-free and spill-free work areas
 Decreased fire hazards
 Lower worker exposure to hazardous
substances
 Better control of tools and materials,
including inventory and supplies
 More effective use of space
 Improve production
MATERIALS HANDLING AND STORAGE
- technique which includes the art of lifting,
placing, storing, or moving of materials through
the use of one’s physical strength or
appropriate handling equipment.
 Do not lift if you are not sure that you
can handle the load safety.
Mechanical Materials Handling
- use of rigid, manually or mechanically-
powered equipments.
Materials Storage
Materials should be neatly and orderly
stored. Firstly, materials should be stored in
storage room with the following features:
 At least two exits
 Properly illuminated
 Properly ventilated
 Restricted access
 Store materials at convenient height
 Leave the lowest shelf unused if
necessary
 Use vertical mobile shelves to avoid
bending and overhead reaching.
 Use bin racks for storing small items
 Store heavy and frequently used
materials at waist height
 Use elevating platforms to avoid
overhead reaching.

Protective Clothing to Wear

 Lightweight, flexible, tear and puncture-
resistant clothing
 Safety boots with toe caps and slip-
resistant soles
 Protective gloves. Appropriate for the
materials being handled.

MANUAL HANDLING GUIDES

A. Shoveling Guidelines
B. Lifting Guidelines
 Check if mechanixal aids such as hoist,
lift trucks, dollies, or wheelbarrows are
available
 Assess and identify the weight of the
load
 Be sure that you can lift the load without
over-exertion
 Be sure that the load is “free” to move
 Check if the planned location of the load
is clear