AKD10203: ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTAL 2

CLASS: ________ (Group _____)

ASSIGNMENT # 3

DC MOTOR

LIST OF STUDENTS (no need to write ID No)

1. FULL NAME
2. FULL NAME
3. FULL NAME
4. FULL NAME

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 10th NOV 2021

DC MOTOR

DC motor can be divided into three types as follows;

a) Series motor

b) Shunt motor

c) Compound motor

i) Cumulative

ii) Differential

The characteristic curves of a motor are those curve which shown relationship between
the following quantities:

a) Torque and armature current i.e. (T/Ia) characteristic)

b) Speed and armature current (n/Ia) characteristic.

c) Speed and torque (n/T) characteristic.

Students are required to elaborate the detail of each type motor using the 3
characteristic above

1) SERIES MOTOR
a) Torque and Armature Current
b) Speed and Armature Current
c) Speed and Torque

2) SHUNT MOTOR
a) Torque and Armature Current
b) Speed and Armature Current
c) Speed and Torque

3) COMPOUND MOTOR (CUMULATIVE & DIFFERENTIAL)

a) Torque and Armature Current
b) Speed and Armature Current
c) Speed and Torque
 The example is given below;

1) SERIES MOTOR

Figure above shows the circuit diagram of a series DC motor. In series motor the
current flows in the field winding and the armature are same. The armature current will
increase whenever the mechanical load of the motor increase. As a result, the flux will
increase in the series motor when the armature current increases and vice versa. 

a) Tourque and armature current (T vs Ia) characteristic

Note that Ta ∝ ΦIa, torque is directly proportional to the product of armature current and
field flux

Up to Magnetic Saturation Φ ∝ Ia, the armature torque Ta is directly proportional to

square of the armature current (i.e.. T a ∝ I2a). If armature current is doubled over, then
armature torque is almost increasing fourfold. Thus the armature torque vs. armature
current curve up to magnetic saturation is a parabola for smaller values of Ia, which is
shown in the characteristic curve OA. After magnetic saturation of the field poles, flux ɸ
is independent of armature current Ia. Therefore, the torque varies proportionally to Ia
only, T ∝ Ia. As a result, the armature torque vs. armature current magnetic saturation
characteristic is a straight line, which is shown in the curve AB.

The shaft torque (Tsh) is less than armature torque (Ta) due to stray losses. Hence, the
curve Tsh vs Ia lies slightly lower. In DC series motors, (prior to magnetic saturation)
 torque increases as the square of armature current, these motors are used where high
starting torque is required.

Stray losses or miscellaneous losses are difficult to account. They are usually due to
inaccuracies in the designing and modeling of the machine. Most of the times, stray
losses are assumed to be 1% of the full load.

b) Speed and Armature Current