Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Environmental - Social Management Framework
Environmental - Social Management Framework
Environmental - Social Management Framework
BP Bank Procedure
CBO Community Based Organization
CBS Central Bureau of Statistics
DDC District Development Committee
DPR Detail Project Report
EA Environmental Assessment
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EPA/EPR Environmental Protection Act/Environmental Protection Regulations
ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework
GoN Government of Nepal
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
ILO International Labor Organization
IP-VCDF Indigenous Peoples-Vulnerable Community Development Framework
IP-VCDP Indigenous Peoples-Vulnerable Community Development Plan
LSMC Lalitpur Sub–metropolitan City
NGO Non-Government Organization
OP Operational Policies
PAP Project Affected Person
PMT Project Management Team
POM Project Operational Manual
PSC Project Support Consultant
PURPPURP Pro Poor Urban Regeneration Pilot
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
VDC Village Development Committee
VDCP Vulnerable Community Development Plan
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TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 SECTORAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT ........................................................................................................2
1.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................3
1.3.1 Broader Project Objectives .........................................................................................................3
1.3.2 Project Development Objectives (PDO) .....................................................................................3
1.3.3 Project Beneficiaries ...................................................................................................................3
1.3.4 Project Components ...................................................................................................................4
1.3.4.1 Component 1: Participatory Action Plan for Pro-poor Urban Regeneration........................4
1.3.4.2 Component 2: Grant Facility for Pro-poor Urban Regeneration ..........................................5
1.3.4.3 Component 3: Community Awareness and Local Capacity Building for Pro-poor Urban
Regeneration........................................................................................................................7
1.3.4.4 Component 4: Participatory Monitoring & Evaluation and Knowledge Dissemination,
Project Management and Administration .............................................................................7
1.4 PROJECT INSTITUTIONAL AND IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT .................................................................8
1.5 TYPE AND NATURE OF CIVIL W ORKS SUPPORTED UNDER PURPPURP ..................................................11
1.6 ACTIVITIES EXCLUDED FROM PURPPURP ...................................................................................................12
1.7 NEED FOR ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK .........................................................12
1.8 PROCESS ADOPTED FOR PREPARING THE ESMF ........................................................................................13
1.9 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE ESMF ...................................................................................................14
1.10 REVISION/MODIFICATION OF THE ESMF ........................................................................................................15
1.11 LIMITATIONS OF THE ESMF .............................................................................................................................15
ii
3.1 KEY APPLICABLE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS ...........................................21
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF NEPAL, 1993(2050 BS) ....................................................................22
3.2 KEY APPLICABLE NATIONAL SOCIAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS ..................................................................24
3.3 APPLICABLE W ORLD BANK POLICIES .............................................................................................................25
3.4 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (OP/BP 4.01) .............................................................................................26
3.5 PHYSICAL CULTURAL RESOURCES (OP/BP 4.11)........................................................................................26
3.6 INDIGENOUS PEOPLE (OP/BP 4.10)...............................................................................................................27
3.7 INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT (OP/BP 4.12) ..............................................................................................28
CHAPTER IV: POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
4.1 LIKELY BENEFICIAL IMPACTS ...........................................................................................................................30
4.2 LIKELY ADVERSE IMPACTS ...............................................................................................................................30
4.2.1 Environmental ...........................................................................................................................30
4.2.2 Social ........................................................................................................................................31
4.3 GENERIC MITIGATION MEASURES FOR EACH IDENTIFIED POTENTIAL IMPACTS ........................................31
4.3.1 Physical Environment ...............................................................................................................32
4.3.2 Biological Environment .............................................................................................................32
4.3.3 Socio-economic,Cultural, and Archaeological Environment ....................................................33
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6.1.2 Engage Stakeholders Systematically Throughout the Design and Implementation Stages ....51
6.1.3 Inform Stakeholders and Accountability Mechanism ...............................................................52
6.2 PRESENT STATUS OF CONSULTATIONS COMPLETED AT PURPPURP ......................................................52
6.2.1 Consultations during Prefeasibility Study and Preparation of ESMF .......................................52
6.2.2 Modes of Future Consultations.................................................................................................52
6.3 INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AND DISSEMINATION .........................................................................................53
ANNEXES:
Annex 1: Steps and Requirements for IEE Studies and PURP
Annex 2: Project Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
Annex 3: Format for Social Impact Assessment
Annex 4: Involuntary Resettlement Impact Screening & Categorization Form
Annex 5: Environmental Impact Screening & Categorization Form
Annex 6: IPs & Vulnerable Groups Impact Screening & Categorization Form
Annex 7: Outline structure of an IP – Vulnerable Community Development Plan (IP/VDCP)
Annex 8: Public Ward Level Consultations Attendance
Annex 9: Public Ward Level Consultations Findings
Annex 10: Pictorial highlights of ward level interactions
iv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Nepal is among the poorest countries in the world, with per capita GDP of US$619 (2011 prices) and an
estimated 25 percent of Nepalese falling below the international poverty line (US$1.25 per day). The
country is caught in a cycle of political instability, poverty and economic stagnation, which has resulted in
a mass exodus of the Nepalese productive workforce out of the country. Nepal is also one of the fastest
urbanizing countries in South Asia. The Kathmandu Valley metropolitan region, with a population growth
of about 4 percent per year, is the largest gravity center for migration in Nepal. Increasing numbers of
people are moving to the Kathmandu Valley, where economic opportunities are greatest. The
sustainable development and management of the Valley is thus of strategic importance for unlocking
economic growth and reducing poverty in Nepal. The Kathmandu Valley is also the most important
heritage destination and the gateway for tourism in Nepal. The country’s most widely recognized cultural
asset is the UNESCO Kathmandu Valley World Heritage site, which is composed of seven Protected
Monument Zones, including the Durbar Squares1 situated in the historic cores of the three main cities of
the Kathmandu Valley (Lalitpur, Bhaktapur and Kathmandu).
Lalitpur City 2 , popularly known as Patan, is one of the main centers of cultural heritage and craft
production in Nepal, and the second largest municipality in the Kathmandu Valley, with a population of
about 227,000 according to the 2011 population census data. Lalitpur City is the oldest of the three main
cities in the valley. Its Durbar Square consists of an extensive number of palaces, temples, shrines,
monuments and daily activities that are a draw for tourists. In 2009-10, 125,000 tourists, equivalent to 21
percent of Nepal’s international tourists, visited the Durbar Square in Lalitpur City. 3 The city’s living
culture and handicrafts are also primary elements of Nepal’s national pride and identity. Throughout the
city there are craft workshops and businesses that have been passed down through many generations
along with the master-level skills that give Lalitpur its reputation as the “City of Arts”. Nineteen percent of
Lalitpur City’s residents report that they work in crafts and related trades.4 The city is especially known
for over 100 residence-based workshops of metal workers in the neighborhood of Woku Bahal. They
produce silver jewelry, bronze and copper statues of Hindu and Buddhist deities and architectural details
for traditional buildings.5 In addition, Lalitpur City is famous for its traditional music, dance, drama and
festivals with their colorful costumes, decorated chariots, special foods and blessing ceremonies.
Rapid urbanization, combined with inadequate development control and management, have led to a
deterioration of the urban fabric in the Kathmandu Valley, which is manifested in low rates of job
creation, social segregation and a tangible erosion of cultural identity; increased vulnerability to natural
disasters and an increase in slums and squatter settlements. With the notable exception of Bhaktapur
municipality, the public cultural and historic assets of the Kathmandu Valley have suffered considerable
damage and are losing cultural value, religious significance, and tourism potential. Lalitpur City has not
been spared from these challenges, although its historic core is better maintained than the historic core
of Kathmandu City. Many of the housing units in Lalitpur City now bear a dilapidated look, and the
1
Durbar Squares are the plazas opposite old royal palaces in Nepal.
2
Lalitpur Sub-metropolitan City is the legal name of the municipality.
3
Estimate based on revenue section of the municipality.
4
This is the second largest occupational group in the city, surpassed only by service and sales workers, accounting for 22
percent of local jobs, based on 2001 population census data.
5
See “Strengthening Patan as a Crafts Town”. Planning Studio III. Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, IOE,
Pulchowk Campus. 2012.
1
neighborhoods surrounding the Durbar Square lack basic physical facilities, including water supply and
sanitation. Lalitpur’s residents face the threat of natural disasters, due to their location in a high-risk
seismic zone.
As in the Kathmandu Valley as a whole, poverty is multidimensional in Lalitpur City and includes social
segregation, discrimination, lack of voice, vulnerability to shocks and poor access to basic infrastructure
and services, such as water and sanitation, health care and education. The poor and vulnerable include
not only the income poor but also low caste and some indigenous communities, ethnic minorities, the
disabled, and women, especially those who are single heads of households. These dimensions of
poverty reinforce disempowerment and exclusion from income generating opportunities. Cultural
industries, such as tourism and handicrafts, still provide significant, but diminishing, livelihood
opportunities in the valley through, e.g., accommodations and handicraft sales. Many of the poorest are
involved in the production of handicrafts and artisans face serious challenges in sustaining their
livelihoods.
The project would pilot a pro-poor, community-driven approach for the urban regeneration of part of the
historic core of Lalitpur City based on a proper understanding of the local population, social dynamics
and economic conditions. The grant would support pro-poor regeneration activities in distressed
neighborhoods in the historic core of Lalitpur City aiming at: (a) empowering the poorest and most
vulnerable communities, community-based organizations (CBOs) such as the guthis and local NGOs
through community-driven activities; (b) upgrading local infrastructure, conserving the local heritage and
reducing vulnerability to disasters; (c) creating jobs for the poor through cultural industries; and (d)
improving the lines of communication between the municipal government and the poorest and most
vulnerable communities, building local capacity and raising community awareness.
To pilot the new approach, the project would fund a grant facility to improve local services and public
spaces, promote local heritage and develop income-generating activities linked to cultural industries in
distressed neighborhoods of the historic core of Lalitpur City. Lalitpur’s city administration has
demonstrated a strong commitment to poverty alleviation and to the preservation of the city’s built and
living heritage. Lalitpur was the first city in Nepal to undertake a comprehensive poverty profile in 1999
as part of UN-Habitat’s Urban Management Program. The poverty profile led to the creation of an Urban
Poverty Fund, into which the city has contributed through a budgetary allocation. The city collects
entrance fees to the Durbar Square, which are used for its maintenance and offers monetary incentives
to encourage the rehabilitation of private heritage buildings. The city has also supported crafts and living
culture through the development of a heritage trail to draw tourists into the neighborhoods and special
2
crafts markets to eliminate the middlemen between producers and buyers. However, a lack of city
capacity and resources has limited these activities and their impact on poverty.
The primary beneficiaries are: (a) those individuals directly benefiting from the urban regeneration
initiatives, the awareness raising activities and capacity building programs carried out as part of the pilot;
as well as (b) the municipal officials who will be trained to implement an integrated urban regeneration
approach. The poor and vulnerable, who are the “target beneficiaries” of the pilot, include the income
poor, low caste and indigenous communities, ethnic minorities, the disabled, and women, especially
those who are single heads of households. Some 3,000 are expected to benefit from the urban
regeneration activities.
The project area would include selected neighborhoods in the buffer zone surrounding the Durbar
Square Protected Monument Zone, outside the World Heritage Site (WHS). The project area covers 4
wards. The boundaries of the buffer zone and the four wards that the project covers (i.e. wards 16, 18,
21, and 22) are presented in the map below.
3
1.3.4 Project Components
The project would have the following four components:
(i) Social assessment. The social assessment would include a baseline livelihood and needs
assessment to understand the livelihood strategies of households belonging to different income,
gender, social, and ethnicity and caste groups in the project area. The assessment would inform the
identification of the target beneficiaries for the urban regeneration activities. It would also identify
stakeholders, interests, and potential for conflict so as to better ensure the success of the project.
4
(ii) Market assessment. The market analysis would: (a) examine the current state of cultural industry
(handicraft and cultural tourism) clusters in Lalitpur City; (b) identify potential demand and market
niches for different cultural heritage sites restoration and related cultural tourism services and
handicrafts; (c) identify gaps and necessary measures for improving local handicrafts products and
cultural tourism services; (d) develop a marketing strategy to increase visibility of the project site
(including possible innovation, such as ICT-based tools, for site interpretation); and (e) propose a
series of practical measures to enhance the flow of benefits to the poor and vulnerable.
(iii) Site management framework. Activities for the preparation of the site management framework
would include: (a) mapping and inventory of all physical cultural heritage assets and notable
intangible heritage (e.g., festivals, handicraft production), and stocktaking of past projects and
activities in the project area; (b) review of the existing management plan for the Durbar Square/buffer
zone and municipal plans; (c) stakeholder analysis and clarification of the mandates, roles and
responsibilities of various stakeholders for the maintenance of the heritage assets.
(iv) Participatory action plan for pro-poor urban regeneration. The participatory action plan would
build on the results of the social and market assessments and site management framework to: (a)
develop a shared vision for the urban regeneration of the project area; (b) identify the priorities for
the urban regeneration activities and the broad areas for which specific calls for proposals would be
issued, including possible earmarking of funds for specific activities (e.g., promotion of intangible
heritage) which may otherwise be neglected; (c) define eligibility criteria for proposals under the grant
facility as well as possible target criteria for specific vulnerable groups (e.g., disabled people,
indigenous groups, dalits). The participatory action plan, and subsequent annual updates, will be
jointly endorsed by the municipality and ward representatives.
The participatory planning would aim at empowering local communities and building coalitions of
stakeholders (e.g., municipal agencies, NGOs, small businesses) and organize them into a cohesive
group for the implementation of the urban regeneration activities. Emphasis would be placed on
establishing and strengthening representation and voice mechanisms for the poor and vulnerable to
facilitate their participation in decision-making. Since the project plans to work with local communities,
social mobilization has been embedded at the core of the project and in the project design. Project
activities emphasize local community involvement in the promotion of cultural tourism to spread its socio-
economic benefits, promote income diversification and alleviate poverty. One of the primary goals of the
pilot is to build the capacity and commitment of the municipality to partner with local community groups
and the business community to implement regeneration activities directly benefiting the poorest and most
vulnerable groups. Building such capacity would significantly contribute to the sustainability of the
results. The involvement of the municipality as the implementing agency for the pilot, the matching
contribution requirement from all the stakeholders participating in urban regeneration activities and the
capacity building for municipal staff are important design features for the sustainability of the outcomes,
beyond the implementation period of the grant. The pilot project would provide capacity building to the
municipality to institutionalize the integrated urban regeneration approach.
5
poor Business Development Grant Window. The implementation arrangements of the facility-funded
activities have been formalized through an Operational Manual.
(i) Pro-poor Municipal Investments and Initiatives Grant Window. The objective of the grant window
is to support small works implemented by the municipality, such as improvements in local
infrastructure and basic services and heritage conservation, to enhance the living conditions of the
poorest and most vulnerable communities in the project area. The municipality would be required to
provide matching contributions of at least 10 percent. Possible initiatives include stone paving and
improvements in solid waste collection, renovation of traditional water sources known as hitis (stone
spouts) and the maintenance and upgrading of public spaces within a community. All civil works
financed under this window will be constructed with seismic resilience and criteria for site selection
will take into consideration flood risk.
(ii) Pro-poor Community-based Initiatives Grant Window. The objective of the grant window is to
support community-driven initiatives for heritage conservation and the enhancement of cultural
identity, social cohesion and acceptance of cultural diversity. As is standard procedure throughout
Nepal, community groups would contribute a minimum of 10 percent of project costs in cash or in
kind. The grant facility could fund community-driven initiatives that engage neighborhood groups in
protecting their own heritage through participatory inventories of their local assets; facilitate
community-based maintenance and conservation initiatives (e.g., communal courtyards and local
shrines); support revitalization of disappearing celebrations and ceremonies; and create signage and
interpret traditional festival routes paying particular attention to benefits for poor neighborhoods along
the route. Given the high disaster risk in the built environment, a seismic risk awareness campaign
will be incorporated into the community-driven initiatives.
(iii) Pro-poor Business Development Grant Window: The objective of the grant window is to support
initiatives by eligible small businesses, NGOs, cooperatives and community-based organizations
aimed at involving the poorest and most vulnerable in the development of traditional handicrafts and
cultural tourism related products and services. The sub-grant recipients would be required to provide
matching contributions of at least10 percent. The grant facility could fund sub grants that, e.g.,:
provide training and skill development for poor artisans to improve technical know-how and the use
of time-saving tools and techniques; establish a handicraft exhibition and sales promotion facility
accessible to poor craftsmen to eliminate middlemen; develop a cultural tour of artisan workshops
that includes poor handicraft producers; develop new fee-based cultural activities that can be
provided by poor residents (e.g., storytelling, traditional cuisine and special interest tours such as
neighborhood temples and celebrations); provide vocational training for youth for innovative site
interpretation.
The community-based and business development activities would be selected competitively and
based on demand in accordance with grant selection and eligibility criteria defined as part of the
participatory planning process to maximize the impact in terms of community development and
poverty reduction. The proposals would be selected based on demonstrated direct benefits to the
target poor and vulnerable groups and alignment with the priorities identified as part of the
participatory planning process. The call for proposals will specify the eligibility criteria for the
submission of the proposals.
6
1.3.4.3 Component 3: Community Awareness and Local Capacity Building for Pro-
poor Urban Regeneration.
This component would fund community awareness-raising initiatives and local capacity building to
support the effective implementation of the urban regeneration activities and the sustainability of the
outcomes. Programs would include: community awareness and strengthening and municipal capacity
building.
(i) Community Awareness and Strengthening. This subcomponent would fund communication
programs, workshops, and training to: (a) sensitize poor and vulnerable residents on the value of
their heritage and its relevance to their wellbeing, including opportunities for sustainable pro-poor
revenue generating activities; (b) raise community awareness and preparedness for disaster risk
management in order to help residents understand the risk and take ex-ante measures to increase
their resilience; and (c) provide specialized technical support and expertise (in areas such as tourism
promotion, product development and marketing, cultural heritage renovation) to grant proponents as
required for the implementation of initiatives under the Grant Windows.
(ii) Municipal Capacity Building. This subcomponent would include training, seminars, workshops,
knowledge exchanges and technical assistance to enhance the capacity of municipal staff to: (a)
conserve, manage and promote the city’s cultural heritage as an asset for pro-poor economic
development; (b) effectively work with community groups, especially those representing the poor and
vulnerable, on urban regeneration activities; (c) directly foster access of the poor and vulnerable to
the socio-economic benefits of cultural industries; (d) engage in disaster resilient development and
construction techniques to protect future income streams; and (e) institutionalize the integrated urban
regeneration approach to ensure continuity of the activities after project closure. A needs
assessment would be carried our during project preparation to map ongoing municipal capacity
building activities and identify gaps which would be filled by the project.
(i) Participatory M&E and Knowledge Dissemination. This subcomponent would support: (a) the
development of a Management Information System (MIS) for the grant facility, and a program of
participatory community-based M&E to enable the tracking of socio-economic benefits accruing to
the local residents and the target poor and vulnerable groups from the project activities and assess
the performance of the grant facility in meeting its objectives and adhering to its targeting and
funding criteria; (b) household and community surveys at project start and completion to collect data
for the grant’s monitoring system, including PDO indicators data and disaggregated data on target
beneficiaries; and (c) the dissemination of lessons learned from the implementation of the grant to
promote the scaling up of the pilot through similar city-level initiatives (through workshops,
media/social media events).
(ii) Project Management and Administration. This subcomponent would cover the incremental
operating costs and the costs of strengthening the project management capacity of municipal staff
and local communities.6
6
Excluding salaries of government staff.
7
1.4 Project Institutional and Implementation Arrangement
A Steering Committee will be established to oversee implementation of the pilot, and support the
municipality in coordinating the activities with central agencies and the private sector. The structure of
the Steering Committee is provided in the Operation Manual.
A Project Management Team (PMT) will be established in the municipality for the implementation of the
project activities. With support from the Project Support Consultants (PSC), the PMT will have overall
responsibility for the project implementation as per the procedures specified in the Operational Manual.
The PMT, with support from the PSC, will assist in the screening of the sub-grants as per ESMF and also
be responsible for implementation of the municipal investments under the Pro-poor Municipal
Investments and Initiatives Grant Window.
Figure 1 illustrates the organizational structure for the urban regeneration pilot, and Table 1 further
describes the roles and responsibilities of the various stakeholders.
8
Table 1. Project Roles and Responsibilities
9
Project The PMT consists of 8 members including a Project The PMT is the core team established within the LSMC for overall development,
Management Director (CEO of LSMC [with authority to delegate]), implementation, management, coordination, and reporting on the project. The PMT as
Team (PMT) Project Coordinator, Project Manager (assigned full- implementing agency is responsible for all activities under the project, but they will be
time to the project), and a team of five people in the assisted by a Project Support Consultant (PSC). The full staff of the PMT meets at least
areas of cultural heritage conservation, social once a week with the PSC team for updates and review of implementation progress.
welfare, financial management, engineering and
environmental protection and procurement. More detail on the roles and responsibilities of the PMT are found under the in-depth
description of each component in Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 7.
The CEO is a joint signatory (with the Senior Accounts Officer) on the project’s Designated
Account (DA).
Project The PSC is an autonomous third party, such as an The PSC is contracted by the PMT and is responsible for supporting the PMT (as per the
Support NGO or CBO or a private consulting firm or individual ToR attached to this Operations Manual) to carry out all project activities including the day-
Consultant consultants, with experience in project management, to-day administration of the grant facility. See Chapters 4, 5, 6 and 7 for more detail on the
(PSC) community mobilization, participatory planning. The role of the PSC.
PSC will include a DRM expert, a cultural heritage
expert and safeguard experts.
Approval The Approval Committee is chaired by a highly The Approval Committee shall review and approve sub-grant proposals based on
Committee respected independent expert and shall have 4 information provided by the PMT/PSC for the Community-based Initiatives and the Business
additional members: representatives of the FNCCI, Development Initiatives Grant Windows, based on procedures and criteria agreed in
KVDA, District Treasury Control Office and the Chapter 5. The committee also prepares a decision note with justification of the sub-grant
Monument Conservation Office of Lalitpur. selections and ranking and sends it to the World Bank for “no objection”.
10
Institutional arrangements for technical review of sub-grants.
The technical soundness and cost effectiveness of the urban regeneration activities funded by the grant
facility would be ensured by mobilizing experts through the Project Support Consultants (PSC) to review
proposals and their detailed plans on an as-needed basis. A cultural heritage specialist would be
retained as part of the PSC team over the course of implementation to review the planned municipal
investments and the sub-grant proposals with impact on tangible and intangible heritage, in order to
maximize benefits and identify any possible negative impacts of the pilot activities on heritage. Examples
include: inappropriate materials, design or installation of drainage for traditional streets (tangible
heritage); inauthentic representations of historic celebrations or traditional dress in a tourism activity
(intangible heritage). A private sector conservation architect and/or engineer, as required, would review
architectural and engineering plans for physical investments in construction or repair of buildings or
infrastructure. The expert team would be integral part of the PSC and would work with the municipality to
build expertise and sensitivity to issues in small business development, heritage conservation and
disaster risk reduction and mitigation. Furthermore, an independent expert with at least 20 years of
relevant work experience would be appointed as the chair person for the Appraisal Committee which
would be responsible for the evaluation and award of the sub-grant proposals based on the technical
review carried out by the PMT with support from the PSC expert team. 7
A panel of DRM experts would be retained as part of the PSC to carry out a technical review of the plans
for the retrofitting of heritage buildings, and ensure compliance with building by-laws and codes.
Although the National Building Code does not include guidelines for the retrofitting of historic buildings
for seismic resilience, a number of studies have been carried out on heritage conservation and disaster
risk reduction and mitigation in Nepal. This includes a recently completed study by Institute of Disaster
Mitigation for Urban Cultural Heritage, Ritsumeikan University and Tribhuvan University of Nepal on the
assessment of the structural safety of traditional buildings and the development of a comprehensive
disaster risk mitigation strategy for the historic core of Lalitpur City, including the strengthening of
courtyard exits, which are important evacuation routes. Work over the last three years has produced risk
mitigation proposals on structural reinforcement of traditional buildings and passageways, evacuation
preparedness and post-disaster responses. The project would provide the opportunity to pilot the main
recommendations of the study if retrofitting of traditional community buildings and heritage buildings is
identified as a priority in the project area. Furthermore, the National Society for Earthquake Technology
(NSET) will be part of the Steering Committee for the pilot.
7
For more information, see relevant paragraphs under technical appraisal in the project paper (para 43).
11
Improvements in solid waste collection system
Conservation of heritage homes
Renovation of community buildings
Rehabilitation of stone spouts
Renovation and rehabilitation of wells
Greenery improvements
Own heritage through participatory inventories of their local assets
Facilitate community based installation of solar street lights
Construction and maintenance of public toilets
Improvement of traditional festival routes paying particular attention to benefits for poor
neighborhoods along the routes
Rehabilitation of ponds
Small infrastructure works that enable socio-economic benefits to accrue to the local residents and
target poor and vulnerable groups.
The maximum allocation for works under PURP is USD 820,000 over a period of four years. The above
list is indicative of the possible civil works that could be carried out under PURP based on the outcomes
of initial stakeholder consultations. Given that the activities are demand-driven, the works will be
identified through the planning process for the municipal investments under the Pro-poor Municipal
Investments and Initiatives Grant Window and through the competitive selection process for the
investments under the Pro-poor Community-based Initiatives and Business Development Grant
Windows.
Any municipal investment and sub-grant activity lying within the protected area/UNESCO declared
heritage site;
Any municipal investment and sub-grant requiring Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) which will
be known after screening;
Any municipal investment and sub-grant activity that requires the permanent relocation of
households or involuntary (permanent or temporary) acquisition of land and property;8
Any municipal investment and sub-grant activity that requires use of hazardous materials in
manufacturing handicraft items, like use of toxic chemicals in metal products.9
8
Land acquisition costs cannot be funded with JSDF.
9
Hazardous material includes any material that represents a risk to human health, property, or the environment due to
their physical or chemical or biological characteristics. Potential hazardous materials in this project may include corrosive
substances, toxic materials, flammable gases, acids/battery, cleaning fluids, rust remover, and oxidizing substances.
These are likely to be used in metal crafts such in metal casting, grinding and polishing, etc. Typical issues of concern
include lack of personnel protective equipment use, chemical burns and haphazard disposal of wastes with potential risk
of environmental pollution.
12
Since specific demand-driven urban regeneration activities will only be identified in the course of project
implementation, a mechanism for screening and assessing possible adverse short-term environmental
and social impacts during the municipal investments and sub-grant preparation is required. In this
context, a safeguard framework document is needed to ‘guide’ the planning, design and construction
elements of the project activities. Such a guidance document or a framework would help in integrating
and harmonizing the environment and social management principles at the various stages of project
preparation and execution. In this context, this Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF)
has been prepared for the PURP.
This ESMF forms part of the comprehensive environmental and social management approach that has
been adopted for addressing the potential environmental and social impacts from PURP, even when
these are considered minor in nature. This ESMF defines: (a) the approach for identifying the
environmental and social issues associated with the PURPP activities; (b) the requirements for
conducting environmental and social screening and environment and social assessment studies; and (c)
measures to prevent, mitigate and manage adverse impacts and enhance positive ones.
Given that specific demand-driven urban regeneration activities will only be identified in the course of
project implementation, a mechanism for screening and assessing possible negative short-term
environmental and social impacts as well as preparing mitigation plans will be developed during project
preparation. This ESMF includes an exclusion list (presented in Section 1.6) as well as simplified
screening checklists (Annexes 4-6), which will be used to determine what types of environmental and
social assessment may be required for the proposed initiatives. The ESMF is thus a framework providing
guidelines that require being operationalized through Environmental Management Plans/Social Action
Plans (EMP/SAP) that will be prepared for specific initiatives, if required. A resettlement policy framework
is also included describing mechanisms for addressing the possible temporary disruption of informal
sources of income (e.g., temporary displacement of informal vendors), and temporary restrictions on
access to facilities while the construction work is ongoing in the project area. Further, it also contains an
Indigenous People-Vulnerable Community Development Framework (IP-VCDF), a gender development
framework, and capacity building measures and a monitoring mechanism. The ESMF also specifies
norms and procedures for the conservation and restoration of historic buildings and for dealing with
chance finds during small works.
The provisions of Nepal’s Environmental Protection Act (EPA)/ Environmental Protection Rules (EPR)
related to heritage sites have been reviewed and the Department of Archaeology’s guidelines and
specifications internalized. Accordingly, the ESMF specifies norms and procedures for the conservation
and restoration of historic buildings and for dealing with chance finds during small civil works. The
conservation and restoration of historic buildings will use traditional materials and construction
techniques as per the specifications of the Department of Archeology. The municipality will develop a
protocol for use by the construction contractors and/or local communities while conducting any
excavation work, to ensure that any chance finds are recognized and measures are taken for their
13
protection and conservation. Part of this protocol will be that when there are chance finds of
archaeological material, all excavation work at the site shall stop until the Department of Archeology can
determine if the site needs to be documented or scientifically excavated before works continue. The
protocols and protective measures will be included in the EMPs that will be prepared for specific
initiatives, with a focus on consultations and participation of the local stakeholders.
1. Establish clear procedures and methodologies for screening, reviewing and managing
environmental and social safeguards for the municipal investments and sub-grants to be financed
under the Project.
2. Consolidate and facilitate understanding of all essential policies and regulations of the GoN as well
as the World Bank’s environmental and social safeguards regime that are applicable to the Project
3. Provide practical guidance on the implementation of the environmental and social management
measures.
4. Specify norms and procedures for the conservation and restoration of historic buildings and for
dealing with chance finds during small works.
5. Specify institutional arrangements, including appropriate roles and responsibilities for managing,
reporting and monitoring environmental and social concerns of the municipal investments and sub-
grants.
6. Provide a framework for consultation and information disclosure.
7. Determine the other institutional requirements, including those related to training and capacity
building, needed to successfully implement the provisions of the ESMF.
1. Support the integration of environmental aspects into the decision making process of all stages
related to planning, design, execution, operation and maintenance of municipal investments/sub-
grants, by identifying, avoiding and/or minimizing adverse social and environmental impacts early-
on in the project cycle.
2. Minimize environmental degradation to the extent possible resulting from either individual municipal
investments/sub grants or through indirect, induced and cumulative effects of project activities.
3. Enhance the positive/sustainable environmental and social outcomes through improved/appropriate
planning, design and implementation of sub-activities/sub-components.
4. Consider the level of environmental and social risk of each type of investments in allocating time
and resources to be dedicated for stakeholder consultation.
5. Build the capacity of the LSMC to take-up and coordinate responsibilities related to the application
and implementation of the ESMF, including the preparation of the municipal investment/sub-grant
specific Environmental Management Plans/Social Action Plans (EMP/SAP), if required.
6. Provide guidelines and procedures for further consultations during project implementation, in
particular in defining and designing sub-grants and specific works.
7. Provide a systematic guidance to address potential risks and to enhance quality, targeting, and
benefits to the wards/communities, especially the vulnerable groups as defined in the project.
8. Ensure that those stakeholders, irrespective of whether they benefit from or are adversely affected
by the project interventions, are well informed and are able participate in the decision-making
process.
14
9. Support compliance with applicable legal/regulatory requirements of GoN as well as with the
requirements set forth in the relevant Bank policies.
10. Protect human health.
11. Minimize adverse impacts on cultural property.
Costs of implementing the ESMF is now known ex ante given that the municipal investments/sub-grants
are demand-driven. The types and costs of safeguard mitigation measures costs will only be known after
preparation of the required municipal investment/sub-grant specific Environmental Management
Plans/Social Action Plans (EMP/SAP). The technical assistance and training costs are estimated of the
order of US$ 150,000, comprising the costs of hiring of safeguard experts as part of the PSC and the
training requirements.
15
CHAPTER II: OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT AREA
The city spreads over an area of 15.43 sq.km and is divided into 22 wards. Of the 22 wards, ward no. 15
is the largest area wise, with an area of 2.43 sq.km, and ward no. 21 is the smallest, with an area of 0.09
sq.km.
The city is located over a plateau like area with its outer edges fanning out with gentle slopes towards
the rivers that form its boundaries. This is in consonance with the traditional settlement planning
philosophy where the settlements were located on relatively higher ground preserving the relatively fertile
agricultural land that surrounded it. This planning effort assured the optimization of the use of urban
space and the farmlands that carried economical as well as environmental significance to the urban
residents.
The altitude of the city varies from a minimum of 1266 m. to a maximum of 1366 m. above sea level,
which shows the relative flatness of the ground on which the city is located.
Lalitpur’s residents face the threat of natural disasters, due to their location in a high-risk seismic zone.
The seismic risk is amplified given the Lalitpur City’s social, economic, and political characteristics that
increase its vulnerability, particularly the rapid and uncontrolled development. The building code is ill-
enforced, public and private construction takes place without consideration of seismic risk, and technical
information about earthquake risk in the Valley is incomplete, difficult to understand, and dispersed.
Institutional arrangements and basic regulatory frameworks for construction supervision lack both
transparency and clear roles and responsibilities among government agencies at the national and
municipal levels. A dearth of investment in understanding and mitigating the risk continues to worsen the
situation.
LSMC lies within the warm temperate climate zone of the Kathmandu valley, with a typical monsoonal
two-season year. The yearly average temperature in the city is 15-20o Celsius and the yearly average
rainfall is 2000-2400 mm.
16
2.1.2 Population
2.1.2.1 Population Distribution
The male population exceeds the female population in all age groups except for 75 years and above.
The dependent ratio is satisfactory as those in age below 10 and above 65 are less than the working age
population. In the old age group above 65, the female population is high in line with the national average.
Population figures based on census data are presented below.
List of hills Dalits and Janjatis: Based on the classification for national census of 2001 by the CBS
Hills Dalits:
Kami, Damai, Sarki, Badi, Gaine and unidentified dalits
2.1.3 Literacy
The literacy rate of LSMC is 80.9 percent, which is higher than the national urban literacy rate of 71.6
percent and much higher than the national literacy rate of 54.1 percent. Among the literate population
56.6 percent are male and 43.4 percent female. The female literacy rate in LSMC too is higher than the
national and national urban female literacy rates of 39.67 and 41.71, respectively.
2.1.4 Employment
In LSMC, 5.2 percent of the people are unemployed. This is lower than the national average for the
urban population, but slightly higher than the overall national unemployment rate of 4.9 percent. (LSMC –
BaseLine survey 1999).
10
Low caste “untouchables”.
11
Defined as indigenous nationalities.
17
2.1.5 Settlement Pattern
The settlement pattern of LSMC shows the consonance with the traditional urban settlement pattern of
human history. The immediate area surrounding the Durbar Square was allocated for priests, noble men,
and people belonging to high castes. Next to this were people of the business community, craftsmen,
farmers, and workers. To the outermost boundary or the periphery of the city were lower class groups
such as cleaners and butchers. Agricultural land extended beyond the city core areas. The
conglomeration of people belonging to a particular caste or Jaat which also defined their occupation
group, at one particular location in city, and the benefit they got from being at that particular location in
relation to their work and activity, suggests some sort of zoning in early days. In other words the city was
zoned by caste or Jaat.
The project area wards, namely 16, 18, 21, 22, lie outside of the Durbar Square area. As per the zoning
by the Kathmandu Valley Town Development Committee, the project wards fall into two sub-zones of the
core city area: the conservation sub zone and the mixed old residential sub-zone. The conservation sub-
zone consists of houses, buildings, and temples etc. of traditional style and reflect the age old urban
character with various stages of historical development. The buildings typically surround courtyards with
interconnecting pedestrian passage ways. The mixed old residential sub-zone includes that part of the
core area not covered by the protected monuments sub-area and conservation-sub area. It retains many
traditional buildings but also more recently constructed buildings.
2.1.6 Income
If we categorize the population according to the income per annum, most of the households in LSMC
(57.6 percent) belong to the lower medium category, and 25.6 percent of the households belong to the
medium category. The number of poor households is 12.6 percent and a very small segment (4.2
percent) comprise the upper medium and rich. LSMC is not particularly poor, with only 12.6 percent of
households being defined as income poor. However, neither is it wealthy as more than 70 percent of the
people belong to the poor and lower medium categories. In Lalitpur, poverty is multidimensional and
includes social segregation, discrimination, lack of voice, vulnerability to shocks and poor access to
public infrastructure and services (e.g., water and sanitation, health care and education). These
dimensions of poverty reinforce disempowerment and exclusion from income generating opportunities.
2.1.7 Economy
Since historic times, LSMC has been known for its sound economics, which depended largely upon
agriculture, trade and commerce, particularly in agricultural products from the fertile land on its fringes
and artistic products of wood, bronze and copper. With its once fertile agricultural land being transformed
for urban use, today agriculture forms only a small part of its economy. Instead, the business and service
sector is now the largest contributor to its economy.
LSMC being one of destinations for tourists visiting Nepal, the business related to tourism has developed
significantly. Many tourists visiting Nepal visit LSMC at least once. Known for its art and craftsmanship,
the business related to traditional handicrafts has seen a boom with huge orders being received from
several foreign countries. The city has become a trade center for these traditional products.
18
2.1.8 Infrastructures
2.1.8.1 Water Supply and Sanitation
The historical city was established over 2,000 years ago. The Kirat regime constructed rain-fed ponds
and springs. Later the Lichhavi kings linked the ponds to stone spouts and dug wells to provide water to
the city. These structures were expanded during the Malla regime, when elaborate networks of canals,
ponds, and water conduits were constructed. The historical system was neglected after the introduction
of piped water system to Lalitpur about a century ago. The stone spouts have been further affected by
the recent uncontrolled exploitation of ground water and the destruction of former rainwater collection
ponds and recharge areas. During the summer season, most of the stone water spouts provide water for
three to four months regularly but the flow decreases during other remaining months, in many cases
drying up completely. A study conducted by the culture and archeology unit of LSMC revealed that out of
61 total stone spouts, 44 spouts are working properly, 10 have dried up, and 7 are out of order. The
stone spouts of the project area wards are as follows.
12
S.N Name of spout Number of taps Ward no Name of tole Site
1 Naga BahalHiti 3 16 Naga Bahal Settlement area
2 NabahiHiti - 16 Nabahil Settlement area
3 Tapa Hiti A 3 22 Nayatole Settlement area
4 Tapa Hiti B 3 22 Nayatole Settlement area
5 AlakoHiti 5 22 Ikhachen Settlement area
6 SithaHiti 1 22 Kumbeshwor Open area
7 AmritHiti 2 22 Kumbeshwor Settlement area
8 DathuHiti 1 22 Kumbeshwor Open area
9 WasaHiti 2 22 Kumbeshwor Open area
10 KontiPukhuHiti 1 22 Kumbeshwor Settlement area
11 MishaHiti 7 22 Kumbeshwor Settlement area
12 KontiHiti 5 22 Kumbeshwor Settlement area
13 Saithu Ganesh Hiti 1 22 Kumbeshwor Settlement area
Many households in the project wards are dependent on stone spouts for water. Regardless of whether
or not a household has a water supply connection, many residents of LSMC including those living in the
four project wards are desperate for water most of the year. Most of those with water supply connection
receive intermittent service of an hour or so a day or even on alternate days in many areas, at very low
pressure. Households not connected to the official water supply network rely on a variety of sources,
including shallow tube wells of uncertain quality, and on the stone spouts.
Due to the inadequate availability of water, sanitation conditions are also poor in the project wards.
Deprivation is apparent in the pervasiveness of poor nutrition and sanitation for most families.
12
A tole is a neighborhood within a ward.
19
streets through narrow passage ways that pose a serious disaster risk – collapse of such passageways
would leave the inhabitants trapped inside the courtyards.
The project location excludes the UNESCO World Heritage Site (i.e. in the Durbar Square). "Any
municipal investment and sub-grant activity lying within the protected area/UNESCO declared heritage
site" is excluded from PURP activities as per Section 1.6 of the ESMF.
13
Monasteries.
14
A pati is a shaded resting area, which may be incorporated into a building or be self standing, open on one or more
sides.
20
CHAPTER III: REGULATORY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK
All municipal investments and sub-grants under the project must be consistent with the applicable laws,
regulations, and notifications of the GoN that are relevant in the context of the proposed
interventions/activities. The LSMC and the concerned line departments/agencies will ensure that the
municipal investments and sub-grants proposed and executed under PURP are consistent with the
regulatory and/or legal framework, whether national, state or municipal/local. Additionally, it is also to be
ensured that activities are consistent with the World Bank’s operational policies and guidelines. This
section is not a legal opinion on the applicability of the law but serves as guidance in the application of
the various laws and regulations to the current project context.
All activities funded under the grant facility will be aligned with regulations in the buffer zone, and must
comply with all national and local laws and building by-laws, including but not limited to those for cultural
heritage and environmental protection and seismic and fire safety (e.g., The Ancient Monuments
Preservation Act, 1956, the National Conservation Procedures, 2007 and the Kathmandu Valley Building
By-laws of 2007). The buffer zone is defined as "mixed residential area within conservation zone" in he
Kathmandu Valley Bye-laws of 2007. As the buffer zone is outside of the WHS, project activities are not
subject to UNESCO/ Department of Archeology oversight. See Section 3.1 for a complete list of laws and
regulations that apply.
A summary of such applicable rules and regulations is furnished in the table below:
21
Act/Regulation Key Requirement/s or Salient Features Applicability
Guidelines, 2050 BS management of quarries, borrow pits, stockpiling of materials and construction/
(1993) spoil disposal, operation of the work camps, earthworks and slope improvement of facilities/
stabilization, location of stone crushing plants, etc. infrastructure in the
project area.
Solid Waste Solid Waste Management Act aims to manage solid waste and May apply – depends
Management Act2011 mobilize resources related thereto and ensure the health on type of waste
convenience of the common people by controlling the adverse generated during
impact on pollution from solid waste. The commercial or industrial construction and
establishments should adhere to the clauses mentioned in the act operation of facilities
during the construction and operation phases of the projects. supported by the
project.
Ancient Monument It is deemed necessary to conserve, maintain and renovate the Yes.
Preservation Act, 2013 private ancient monuments of importance from national and
BS (1956) international views, by the Department of Archeology. The DoA
may conserve, maintain and renovate such ancient monuments.
The Labor Act, 2048 BS Regulates the working environment and deals with occupational Yes.
(1992) health and safety aspects.
Local Self Governance Empowers the local bodies for conservation of soil, forest and Yes.
Act, 2055 BS (1999) other natural resources. Sections 28 and 43 of the Act provide the
municipality, District Development Committees (DDCs), and
Village Development Committee (VDCs) a legal mandate to
formulate and implement programs related to
protection/conservation of environment during the formulation and
implementation of a district level plan. The Act also governs the
participatory process for works relating to participatory planning,
autonomy of local governments, community mobilization,
community monitoring, measures for marginalized groups,
including women, etc.
The Interim Constitution It has provisions of rights regarding environment and health. Yes.
of Nepal, 2063 (2007) Every person shall have the right to live in a clean environment;
every citizen shall have the right to get basic environmental
services free of cost from the State as provided for in the law.
Kathmandu Valley The legislation mainly focuses on managing the impacts of Yes.
Building By-Law, increasing population pressure and unplanned urbanization in the
2007(2064 BS): valley. The legislation also aims to mitigate the impacts of
haphazard construction activities in the valley. The standards
imposed to develop apartment building residences include
FAR should be 3.5
Front part setback should be minimum 6 m.
The minimum width of road adjacent to co-owned
apartment building residence or roads connected to
adjacent roads should be at least 8 m.
Other directives will be as per the Residential Ownership
Act, 1997
National Building Code There are 23 different title-wise volumes of building code, which Yes.
of Nepal, 1993 (2050 form a single national building code of Nepal, 1993. The National
BS)
Building Code was prepared in 1993 by then Ministry of Housing
and Physical Planning (now MoUD). This code emphasizes the
need for changes and improvement in the current building
construction design and methods. The publication represents a
standard of good practice.
National Urban Policy, The National Urban Policy 2007 aims to promote a healthy, Yes.
2007 (2064 BS) livable, safe, and economically vibrant urban environment though
planned provision of infrastructure services, facilities and
22
Act/Regulation Key Requirement/s or Salient Features Applicability
amenities that ensure improved quality of life of urban people.
Other aspects of the policy include:
- Importance of environment conservation while carrying out
urban development works and natural resource utilization.
- Promoting development of compact city/towns/settlements.
- Preparation and implementation of “Disaster Management Plan”
by local government agencies to cope with the loss of lives and
properties resulting from natural disasters.
Climate Change Policy Addresses the issues of climate adaption and disaster risk Yes.
GoN, 2001 reduction. Forecasting water-induced disasters, reducing
vulnerabilities and providing early warning information for disaster
management are some of the key points of the policy. The policy
provides some guidelines to address the issues of vulnerable
infrastructure in the context of reducing their risk to climate related
disasters.
Three Years Plan, Requires that all projects be formulated and implemented based Yes.
National Planning on methods that optimally utilize local skills and resources and
Commission,2011/12- generate employment opportunities. In the building, residents and
2013 urban development section the plan clearly set its long-term vision
of managing haphazard urbanization through physical planning.
Public and private buildings will be constructed by using local
technology and raw materials as far as possible. To meet the long
term vision, an objective has been set for the construction of new
buildings which is secured, resistant and environmental friendly.
This project will utilize the local technology and materials as far as
possible to make the project environmentally sound. The plan
also requires that the social concerns relating to equity,
community participation are taken into account in project planning
and implementation.
ILO Convention on In 2007, the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Yes. As indigenous
Indigenous and Tribal Peoples was adopted by the General Assembly. Nepal peoples are present in
Peoples, 1989 ratified ILO Convention No. 169 on September 14, 2007 (BS the sub- project area,
(No.169) 2064/05/28). Article 1 of the convention provides a the convention
definition of tribal and indigenous peoples. requirements are
Article 6 requires consultation with the peoples concerned applicable to the
through appropriate procedures and, in particular, through proposed project.
their representative institutions, whenever consideration is
being given to legislative or administrative measures which
may affect them directly.
In Article 15, it states that indigenous and tribal peoples
shall, wherever possible, participate in the benefits of
natural resource utilization activities and shall receive fair
compensation for any damages which they may sustain as a
result of such activities.
Article 16(2) clearly mentions that where the relocation of
these peoples is considered necessary, such exceptional
measures and such relocation shall take place only with
their free and informed consent.
Where their consent cannot be obtained, such relocation
shall take place only following appropriate procedures
established by national laws and regulations, including
public inquiries where appropriate, which provide the
opportunity for effective representation of the peoples
concerned.
23
Act/Regulation Key Requirement/s or Salient Features Applicability
Article 16(3) mentions that, whenever possible, these
peoples shall have the right to return to their traditional land
as soon as the grounds for relocation cease to exist.
Article 16(5) specifies the persons thus relocated shall be
fully compensated for any resulting loss or injury.
Information and The policy has developed long-term requirements for information Yes.
Communication Policy, and communication.
2059 BS
The Interim The interim constitution of Nepal, 2007 focuses on raising the Yes.
Constitution of Nepal standards of living of the general public. The Article 35 (1) asserts
2063 BS (2007) that; The State shall pursue a policy of raising the standards of
living of the general public through the development of
infrastructures such as education, health, housing and employment
of the people of all regions, by equitably distributing investment of
economic investment for the balanced development of the country.
Labour Act, BS 2048 This Act classifies those persons younger than 15 years as Yes. The act is
(1992) children and those between the ages of 15 and 18 as ‘’Nabalik.’ mandatory and directly
The act specifies that working hours for Nabalik and women must relevant to
be between 6 a.m. and 6 p.m. and prohibits night working hours for implementation of the
women. Children are prohibited from working. proposed project
activities. It provides for
The Act also states that equal opportunity shall be given to women the mode of appointment,
as that of men. Regular work hours for other employees must not working hours, control of
exceed 8 hours in a day and 48 hours in week. For work child labor, equal
conducted beyond that period, over time allowances must be paid remuneration and other
at the rate of 150% of the normal hourly wages, not to exceed 4 labor requirements.
hours each day. According to this act, employee wage rates shall
not be less than the rate fixed by the concerned GoN offices.
National Foundation for GoN has identified and legally recognized 59 indigenous Yes.
Upliftment of communities. They are officially referred to as AdivasiJanajati in
Adivasi/Janjati Act, Nepali and Indigenous Nationalities in English as per the National
2058 (2002) Foundation for Upliftment of Adivasi/Janjati Act, 2058 (2002). One
can find vast disparities in terms of socio-economic standing
among the Adivasi and Janajati groups. According to Nepal
Federation of AdivasiJanajati (NEFIN) 10 of the 59 AdivasiJanajati
are "endangered", 12 "highly marginalized", 20 "marginalized", 15
"disadvantaged" and 2 are "advanced" or better off on the basis of
a composite index consisting of literacy, housing, landholdings,
occupation, language, graduate and above education, and
population size.
Right to Information The aim of this act is to make the functions of the state open and Yes.
Act, 2064 (2007) transparent in accordance with the democratic system and to make
it responsible and accountable to the citizens. It intends to make
the access of citizens to the information of public importance held
24
Act / Regulation Salient Feature/s Applicability
The following operational policies of the World Bank are relevant for PURP from an environmental and
social viewpoint.
Safeguard Policies Triggered in PURP
Safeguard Policies Triggered by the PURP Yes No
25
Involuntary Resettlement OP/BP 4.12 X
The policy states that Environment Assessment (EA) and mitigation plans are required for all projects
having significant adverse environmental impacts or involuntary resettlement. ESMF section 1.6 lists
activities that are not eligible, including "Any municipal investment and sub-grant requiring
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), which will be known after screening". This is further clarified in
the "flow of safeguard categorization for PURP activities" presented in Chapter 5. For the Pro-poor
Community-based Initiatives and the Pro-poor Business Development Grant Windows, the list of
excluded activities will be specified in the calls for proposals. The safeguard screening/assessment
process at various stages of the sub-grant cycle is described in Section 5.4. The Operational Manual
includes the sub-grant application form (Annex 1), the sub-grant proposal screening to ensure
compliance with the call for proposal requirements (Annex 2), and the sub-grant evaluation form (Annex
3). Safeguard screening checklists are included in the Annex 4-6 of the ESMF (Involuntary Resettlement
Impact, IP and Environmental screening checklists). The Municipality will hire the Project Support
Consultants (including safeguard experts) to help them with the safeguard review of the sub-grants. The
municipal investments (for maximum value of US$ 825,000) will be identified through the planning
process and implemented by the municipality, so the screening will be done by the municipality at the
time of the identification of the investments.
Environmental Assessment is thus used by the World Bank to identify, avoid, and mitigate the potential
negative environmental impacts associated with the Bank’s operations early on in the project cycle as
well as to improve decision making, ensure that project options under consideration are sound and
sustainable, and that potentially affected people have been properly consulted and their concerns
addressed. Assessment should include analysis of alternative designs and sites, including the “no project
option” and require public participation and information disclosure before the Bank approves the project.
26
The World Bank Policy OP/BP 4.11 defines physical cultural resources as movable or immovable
objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, natural features and landscapes that have archaeological,
paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance. Physical
cultural resources may be located in urban or rural settings, and may be above or below ground, or
under water. Their cultural interest may be at the local, provincial or national level, or within the
international community.
The Bank assists countries to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts on physical cultural resources from the
development projects that it finances. The impacts on physical cultural resources resulting from project
activities, including mitigating measures, may not contravene either the borrower’s national legislation, or
its obligations under relevant international environmental treaties and agreements. The borrower
addresses impacts on physical cultural resources in projects proposed for Bank financing, as an integral
part of the environmental assessment (EA) process. The World Bank will also follow compliance with
Nepal’s chance find policy.
Norms and procedures for the conservation and restoration of historic buildings and for dealing with
chance finds during small works will be specified. The conservation and restoration of historic buildings
will use traditional materials and construction techniques as per the specifications of the Department of
Archeology. A protocol for use by the construction contractors and/or local communities in conducting
any excavation work will be developed, to ensure that any chance finds are recognized and measures
are taken for their protection and conservation. As per the agreed protocol, all excavation work at the site
would need to stop when there are chance finds of archaeological material until the Department of
Archeology determines if the site needs to be documented or scientifically excavated. The protocols and
protective measures will be included in the EMPs that will be prepared for specific initiatives, with a focus
on consultations and participation of the local stakeholders (see section 4.3.3)
This policy states that any development process under World Bank financing should fully respect the
dignity, human rights, economies, and cultures of Indigenous Peoples (IPs). The project should engage
in a process of free, prior, and informed consultation with IPs that should result in broad community
support to the project by the affected Indigenous Peoples. An Indigenous Peoples Plan (IPP) is also
required irrespective of the magnitude of impact on IPs. Guidelines for preparing IPPs are included in
Annex 7. A number of such consultations were held at the ward level in recipient wards in April, 2013
(Annexes 8 and 9).
Projects should include measures to avoid potentially adverse effects on the IP’s communities or when
avoidance is not feasible, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for such effects. They should ensure that
the IPs receive social and economic benefits that are culturally appropriate and gender and inter-
generationally inclusive.
27
3.7 Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12)
As per World Bank policy, Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) is triggered in case of disruption of
informal sources of income or livelihoods that happens due to project interventions. The project
interventions, however, do not involve any involuntary (permanent or temporary) land taking. As per
JSDF rules, no land acquisition can be funded with the grant. Voluntary donation may be possible.
OP/BP 4.12 recognizes that involuntary land-taking resulting in loss of shelter, assets or access and
income or sources of income should be addressed by World Bank-financed projects. Displaced persons
should be meaningfully consulted, given opportunities to participate in planning and implementing
resettlement programs and assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living.
Absence of legal title to land should not be a bar for compensation, resettlement, and rehabilitation
assistance. Vulnerable groups such as IPs, women-headed households, and senior citizens should be
entitled to special benefit packages in addition to compensation and resettlement. The Operational Policy
is applicable whenever there is involuntary land taking resulting in displacement of people and/or loss of
livelihood or source of livelihood.
In this project there will be no involuntary (permanent or temporary) land taking although there could be
temporary business disruptions, and obstruction to access resulting in loss of income or livelihoods,
albeit temporarily in nature.
Any kind of land requirements will be met through voluntary donations, which are envisaged to be
minimal without economic or physical loss and displacement. Hence minimal impacts, if any, are
expected. In rare cases where land is required, the following principles related to voluntary land donation
will be applied:
The impacts from land donation are marginal (based on a loss of up to 10% of productive
assets).
Impacts do not result in displacement of households or cause loss of household incomes and
livelihoods.
Remaining assets of the donor households are not rendered economically unviable after the
donation.
The households making voluntary donations are direct beneficiaries of the project.
Land donated is free from any dispute on ownership or any other encumbrances.
Consultations with the affected households are conducted in a free and transparent manner.
There will be a mechanism in place to document the consultations, grievances and actions taken
to address such grievances.
A memorandum of agreement will be established as a means of recording the location and size
of land being donated as well as the written consent and names of local witnesses for those
community members donating lands voluntarily. It will contain specific provisions to record that
the land being donated is free of squatters, encroachers or other claims or encumbrances.
A verification mechanism will be in place to monitor and report on any violation of commitment to only
use voluntary land donation.
28
29
CHAPTER IV: POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS
AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
The proposed project aims to improve local services and public spaces, promote local heritage and
develop income-generating activities linked to cultural industries in selected distressed neighborhoods’ of
the historic core of Lalitpur City. The pilot would contribute to improving living conditions and enhancing
cultural identity and awareness, and the value and acceptance of cultural diversity in the project area.
The pilot would also provide economic opportunities to the poorest members of the communities through
income-generating activities linked to cultural industries (handicrafts and tourism) and small works. From
a poverty reduction perspective, cultural industries such as handicrafts and tourism development have
many comparative advantages over other sectors, when they are properly managed. Handicrafts
development has: (a) high employment potential and the ability to provide an alternative source of
income that allows part-time and/or home-based work for women and disadvantaged groups; (b) low
capital investment requirements with significant potential for value added products; and (c) ability to
sustain and capitalize on high levels of skill and artistry. Sustainable tourism development: (a)
contributes to diversifying local economies, especially in poor areas with few other export and
diversification options; (b) offers labor-intensive and small-scale employment opportunities, employing a
high proportion of women and young entrepreneurs; (c) values cultural aspects and natural resources
that may be among the very few assets belonging to the poor; and (d) provides opportunities for local
communities to sell goods and services by bringing the consumer to the destination.
At this stage, only the generic interventions are known. Exact project interventions will be identified
during implementation. After the exact type and nature of interventions are known, detailed assessment,
as per the rules specified in this ESMF would be carried out in the context of beneficial impacts, its
extent, and type and nature of beneficiaries.
Potential construction period impacts or temporary impacts to residents, government facilities and
businesses in the project areas of the participating wards of LSMC.
Issues related to noise, air, and water pollution during construction. These issues are prominent
during the construction activities of civil works like construction of pavements, repair of roads and
sidewalks, renovation of ponds, stone spouts, etc.
Issues related to temporary disruption to basic services (water supply, electricity, telephones).
Issues related to impacts on recharge areas/acquirers due to construction of structures, storage of
materials, encroachment, etc.
During construction, motorists and pedestrians in the project area may experience some delays and
detouring. Some streets would be closed during construction and others would be subject to periodic
lane closures. Further delays would occur as construction trucks and equipment use local streets.
30
Possible short-term concerns such as environmental health hazards from crafts activities, use of
inappropriate/ hazardous materials in rehabilitation works, 15 risks to the traditional/ cultural
structures, and increased dust, noise and construction debris from the construction of small-scale
infrastructure works, issues related to storage of construction materials in road and disturbance to
traffic, issues related to occupational health and safety of workers, and issues related to disaster
risks.
Degradation of cultural sites.
Risks related to not reporting of chance find during the excavation, cultural and archeological issues
during the construction and renovation of structures.
Obstruction to tourists and visitors to temples, architectural places during the construction period of
civil works.
4.2.2 Social
The project is envisaged to advance positive social benefits. In some instances, however, the specific
interventions planned for PURP may lead to some temporary loss of livelihood/trade/occupation or
incomes (e.g., temporary displacement of informal vendors). Further, implementation of PURP may
adversely affect commercial, industrial or institutional activities in the project area on a temporary basis.
However, no involuntary (permanent or temporary) land taking will be allowed, and any kind of land
requirements for the project will be met through voluntary donations, which are envisaged to be minimal
without economic or physical loss and displacement. Hence minimal, if any, impacts are expected. The
following categories of issues/impacts may result from this project, though land acquisition and large
scale loss of livelihood are highly unlikely:
Loss of access to public infrastructure, common resources and facilities Loss of livelihood, trade,
occupation or incomes.
Negative impact on commercial, industrial or institutional activities.
Loss of land, structures and or standing crops, trees and perennial trees.
Risks associated with inadequate or absence of public consultations and information disseminations
and its impact on PURP planning and implementation, including with indigenous people and other
vulnerable communities.
Risks associated with non-identification of vulnerable communities, lack of gender sensitive planning,
and non-consideration of disruption of informal sources of income due to project interventions.
15
Potential hazardous materials in this project may include corrosive substances, toxic materials, flammable gases,
acids/battery, cleaning fluids, rust remover, and oxidizing substances. These are likely to be used in metal crafts such in
metal casting, grinding and polishing, etc. Typical issues of concern include lack of personnel protective equipment use,
chemical burns and haphazard disposal of wastes with potential risk of environmental pollution.
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4.3.1 Physical Environment
Identified Impacts Suggested Mitigation Measures
Impacts related to digging of foundation All work sites shall be fenced to avoid accidents. The excavated materials shall
be used as construction material (as applicable). The unused materials shall be
given to the needy.
Impacts of air pollution (particularly dust) Vehicle speed control and sprinkling of water on roads and in construction sites
and its impacts on surrounding on a regular basis. The construction material shall be properly stored and
environment covered during the transportation of materials.
Impacts related to noise created by the Nighttime construction work shall not be allowed, with works to be scheduled
vehicle used for the transportation of only between 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Vehicle speeds shall be kept within a 30 km/hr
construction material speed limit. Vehicles used for project activities shall be maintained, with use of
old and worn out vehicles to be avoided to control noise pollution. A potential
daytime noise threshold could be established – possibly at 55 dBa for residential,
institutional and educational receptors at boundaries, and 70 dBa for industrial
and commercial receptors at boundaries.
Impacts related to stockpiling of Construction material shall be stored/stock piled in designated areas, fenced and
construction material during civil works covered for safety.
Impacts related to traffic obstruction and Adequate traffic signs, warning signs, and scheduling of transport operations
traffic management due to the movement outside office hours to avoid traffic congestion and inconvenience to people.
of construction vehicles
Possibility of contamination of water Protection of water sources..
sources due construction activities.
Impacts related to health and safety of Use of safety signs in places, fencing of active work places/construction sites,
workers, and visitors during the provision of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to workers.
construction period
Impacts related to obstruction and Adequate safety signs shall be used in construction areas, alternative routes for
disturbances to tourists visiting historical tourist to visit such places shall be arranged during the construction phases.
and cultural sites
Impacts related to wastes during Management of waste during construction and operation phases of the project,
construction and operation phases of the including through prohibition of littering and illegal dumping of waste in premises
project and their surroundings.
Impacts to recharge areas/aquifer Such activities would be excluded.
Physical damages and other Impacts due Use of heavy equipment will be avoided as far as possible,
to use of heavy equipment in inner core
areas of recipient ward
Flood-related impacts for construction No works shall be undertaken during the main monsoon rainy season between
June and August.
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4.3.3 Socio-economic, Cultural, and Archaeological Environment
Identified Impacts Suggested Mitigation Measures
Disturbance to local residents due Prior information dissemination to the public regarding the nature, schedule of
to obstructed access to public work in advance.
infrastructure, common resources Timely completion of work to minimize disturbance.
and facilities, pollution, etc. Adherence to pollution control measures as elaborated above.
Pressure on local infrastructures Record keeping of workers.
due to influx of workers Provide orientation and training to workers for maintaining social harmony,
prohibition of ill-social behaviors (alcohol, gambling, etc.).
Local people shall be engaged in construction as per their skills and
qualifications.
Obstruction to The access shall be provided to the priest/care taker of the temple/shrines for
worshippers/pilgrims/visitors while certain hours of each day, so that the priest and visitors can visit the temple.
entering temple premises during
renovation of temple, shrines,
stupa (semi hemispherical
structure containing Buddhist
relics)
Issues related to chance finds The new construction in any means shall not deteriorate the “authentic nature” of
during excavations or other works the temple/shrines/or any structure of archeological importance.
as well as other cultural issues Department of Archeology (DoA) norms for materials, size/shape, shall be
encountered during works on followed. Encourage representatives from DoA to be present during the
physical cultural resources excavation period. The LSMC shall follow the Ancient Monument Preservation
Act, 1956 of GoN in addition to the following requirements:
(i) The municipality shall develop a protocol for use by construction
contractors in conducting any excavation work, to ensure that any
“chance finds” are recognized and measures are taken to ensure they
are protected and conserved. Part of this protocol will be that when
“chance finds” of archaeological material occur, all excavation work at
the site shall stop until the DoA can determine if the site needs to
be documented or scientifically excavated before work continues.
(ii) All materials used in the repair and restoration of historical buildings
and their surroundings (plinths, walls, stairs, paving etc.) shall be of
traditional materials (e.g., lime mortar instead of cement, Jhingati roof
tiles, dachi brick, etc.) and be of high quality. The DoA will provide
specifications for such materials as wood (for columns, rafters, struts),
brick or stone (for paving, stairs, walls, plinths), lime mortar, and roof
tiles that shall be followed. Materials shall be checked at pre-shipment
and at delivery for compliance with specifications.
(iii) The construction techniques (joints, fasteners, etc.) shall be consistent
with the original temple construction techniques. While the design of
parts that must be replaced (e.g., struts, column bases) should be
consistent with and match the existing temple in scale, design, level of
detail, best practice would be to clearly indicate the difference between
old and new elements.
(iv) The materials and construction techniques shall be of such quality that
they shall not require major repairs or refurbishment and should be
sustainable over time with little beyond routine maintenance.
(v) Craftsmen with knowledge and skills applicable to the style and age of
the temple design shall be employed to do the traditional repair and
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Identified Impacts Suggested Mitigation Measures
restoration activities (e.g., woodcarving, mortar preparation,
16
replacement of joists, etc.).
Possible temporary disruption of There should be no need to close shops and retail outlets for longer period.
business activities, with possible However, the resettlement policy makes provision for compensation for
loss of incomes temporary business losses during construction.
Risks associated with inadequate The risk has been taken into account in the project design. At the inception of
or absence of public consultations the project activities, a social assessment and participatory plan will be
and information disseminations prepared based on procedures set out in the Operational Manual. A project
and its impact on PURP planning component (USD 320,000) has been designed to promote community
and implementation, including with awareness and strengthen communities, in line with the demand-driven
indigenous people and other approach of the project.
vulnerable communities
Risks associated with non- The risk has been taken into account in project design. Benefits to the poor
identification of vulnerable and vulnerable will be the main criteria for selecting the sub-grants under the
communities, lack of gender grant facility, together with sustainability amd cost effectiveness. A screening
sensitive planning, and non- checklist will be required to be submitted with the sub-grant application form to
consideration of disruption of identify potential temporary social impact such as disruption of informal
informal sources of income due to sources of income. The Gender Development Framework included in this
project interventions ESMF will be followed to ensure gender-sensitive planning. Number of female
beneficiaries will be monitored annual as a core indicator for the project.
16
As per Ancient Monument Preservation Act, 1956 of GoN, the chance find shall be reported to DoA. The DoA will treat or
manage chance finds.
34
CHAPTER V: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING AND
MANAGEMENT
Environmental and social considerations should be envisioned right from the stage of project
identification. In general, projects are identified on peoples' demand, which is a good practice. However,
when environmental and social consequences of implementation of a project are not well thought
through, project implementation can lead to serious environmental and social problems and even failure
of projects. While identifying municipal investments/sub-grants or collecting demands from the public,
possible alternatives should also be foreseen and noted. The PMT will collect information on the
environmental and social setting; possible beneficiaries and possible environmental and social impacts
of each alternative should also be taken from the sub-grant proponents. The proposers/demand
providers and general public should be made aware of the environmental and social consequences
during implementation and should be requested to choose environmentally and socially acceptable
projects right from identification to avoid environmental and social problems at later stages in PURP.
The screening result will also be an important input for analyzing the ‘feasibility’ of the municipal
investments and sub-grant interventions along with engineering/economics and social criteria.
Screening of the municipal investments and sub-grant interventions will be done based on the prevailing
legal requirements to determine whether the activities are subject to, with respect to environmental
issues: (a) GoN's IEE (Initial Environmental Examination); (b) EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment);
35
(c) No-EA (Environmental Assessment) processes; or require (d) only EMP or the code of practices. Any
municipal investment and sub-grant requiring Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) – which will be
known after screening – cannot be supported under the PURP. With respect to social issues, the
screening will help determine: (a) the need for conducting SIA (Social Impact Assessment); (b)
preparation of a RAP (Resettlement Action Plan); (c) scope and nature of Indigenous People-Vulnerable
Community Development Framework; and (d) Gender Development Framework. Screening will also help
determine whether municipal investments and sub-grant proposals should not be included at all for
funding under PURP should they be found to fall under the ‘negative’ list or ‘exclusion’ criteria set forth in
this ESMF.
Activities Requiring Activities Requiring EMP Activities Requiring IEE Activities requiring EIA
Code of Practices (excluded from PURP)
The Environmental Protection Act (EPA)/Environmental Protection Regulations (EPR), 1997 of GoN
defines the projects which falls under IEE and EIA category as per Annex 1 and Annex 2 of EPA.
Threshold environmental criteria for municipal investments/sub-grants requiring IEE are identified on the
basis of the Environment Protection Act and Regulations 1997 as well as based on potential short-to-
long-term adverse environmental and social impacts and their sensitivity. The PURP sub-grants requiring
IEE should follow the schedules of EPA/EPR 1997. Each project requiring IEE should have the
respective assessment done prior finalizing Detailed Project Report (DPR). Such municipal
investments/sub-grants should prepare Environment Management Plan (EMP) for approval. An IEE
report will be prepared. In addition to thresholds defined by government regulation, potential adverse
impacts and environmental sensitivity will be duly considered while conducting the IEE study and writing
IEE report. The TOR for the IEE as well as the IEE report needs approval by the concerned ministry
17
Civil works requiring EIA are excluded from this project.
36
(MoUD)18. The IEE report will have a built-in EMP which will fully describe appropriate preventive and
curative mitigation measures and their implementation procedures. The environment experts of the PMT
formed at LSMC will be responsible to ensure that safeguard requirements are met. The process for
conducting IEE is shown in a flow diagram in Annex 1. For municipal investments and sub-grants
requiring IEEs, construction work will start only after the approval of IEE by the concerned ministry.
Such municipal investments and sub-grants require EMP. The format and table of content for preparing
EMP is included in Annex 2. The following process will be followed to prepare the EMP:
Phase I: Preparation of EMP. The EMP is an overall plan, which addresses the minor to moderate
safeguard issues arising from implementation of the municipal investments and sub-grants and suggests
a strategy and action plan to mitigate the adverse environmental and social impacts and enhance the
beneficial impacts of the interventions. The EMP for a municipal investment or a sub-grant consists of
the set of mitigation, monitoring, and institutional measures to be taken during implementation and
operation to eliminate adverse environmental and social impacts, offset them, or reduce them to
acceptable levels. The plan also includes the actions needed to implement these measures. An EMP is
required for all category II municipal investments and sub-grants interventions under PURP.
Site Specific EMP Activity Schedule, including cost for implementation of mitigation measures.
Site Specific EMP Monitoring Schedule, including monitoring responsibility delineation.
Cost Estimate for EMP Monitoring. This can include cost required for capacity building and training
activities basis as required.
The PMT will prepare the EMP for category II municipal investments and sub-grants. Sub-grant
applicants will be responsible for preparing the EMP with support from PMT and PSC. PMT will be
responsible for preparing the EMP for category II municipal investments with support from PSC.
Phase II: Approval of site specific EMP and Inclusion of site specific EMP Provisions in
Designs/Estimates After preparation of the EMP report, it has to be endorsed by PMT (subject to review
and clearance from the World Bank as described in Section 5.2.4). After its approval the provisions of
the EMP need to be included in the municipal investments and sub grant interventions’ designs and
estimates before final approval..
Phase III: EMP Implementation Phase. After approval, EMP provisions along with the municipal
investments and sub grant interventions ‘designs/estimates shall be implemented along with construction
works. The responsibility of overall EMP implementation as well monitoring implementation for the
category 2 sub-grant interventions shall lie with PMT.
18
The Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) shall be approved by the concerned ministry, i.e the project related to
energy is approved by the ministry of energy, and project related to urban development is approved through the Ministry of
Urban Development.
37
5.2.3 Category III municipal investments and sub-grant interventions
Municipal investments and sub-grant interventions which do not fall into categories I and II shall follow
Codes of best practices during the construction and operation phases.
Environmental codes of practices provide technically specified solutions illustrating the general principles
of environmentally sound and sustainable planning, design and construction. Best Environmental
Practices (BEP) is the knowledge that underpins examples of excellence in environment in carrying out
an activity. BEP provide opportunities for broad applicability and benefit across PURP, helping to
enhance positive impacts and to avoid or lessen adverse or negative impacts. The use of these practices
such as cleanup or infrastructure improvement minimizes health and environmental impacts from the
construction and operation phases of the project, reduces energy consumptions and cost, reduces
GHGs, etc. This environmental code of practices should be applied in conjunction with the standard
technical standards for preparation of designs of civil works. There are generic and project specific best
practices as well. The generic environmental best practices to be followed for PURP municipal
investments and sub-grant interventions are elaborated below:
Solid Waste Management should be based on Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (3R) principles:
Generation of solid, semi-solid and liquid waste requires proper on site management19 and scientific
disposal.
As there are settlements around the project area, no or few nuisances to the community should be
produced. Examples include use of less noisy equipment and no work during night hours as well as
adoption of Environmentally Sound Technologies (energy efficient system design, selection of less
polluting technology) in civil construction.
Health and Safety Standards (e.g., use of personal protective equipment, use of safety signs) should
be adopted in construction activities, and in activities related to manufacturing and promotion of
handicrafts.
Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) related orientation and job specific training should be
provided to employees.
Adherence to GoN Rules, Regulations, Policies and World Bank policies, and compliance with
formats and checklists developed by ministries.
Correction of shortcomings, periodic review meetings, clear assignment of roles and responsibilities
There should be no or limited impact on local natural resources. In case of impacts, proper mitigation
measures should be devised to address it.
Water and energy management strategies 20 should be in place while selecting activities under
PURP.21
19
On site management pertains to functions that must be performed on the construction premises. Good on-site
management will have a number of characteristics, which may vary site to site. Examples are ensuring that construction
workers will wear personal protective equipment, clean up after works, safety signs are installed, work sites are fenced, no
haphazard disposal of construction wastes take place, etc. As a result of construction, the soil may be displaced from its
original locations, which can possibly cause environmental problems in future. This could be managed on site during
construction.
20
Civil works, though small in scale, are likely to be undertaken in residential and/or commercial areas. Disturbance to
water supply lines and electricity as well as increased demand for water and electricity during construction are possible.
These risks may be avoided, minimized, or managed through specific strategies and measures. Creating a culture at the
construction sites that works to change workers’ attitudes and behaviors to accept ownership of water efficiency is
fundamental to improving the use of water in an efficient manner. Good housekeeping can assist construction site reduce
their overall water use. Storm water runoff from construction activities can also significantly impact water quality. As storm
water flows over a construction site, it picks up sediment, debris, chemicals, and other pollutants. Polluted storm water
adversely impacts drinking water sources. Day-to-day operational control of project activities is essential for ensuring
compliance with storm water pollution requirements. Protection of waste water pits is a good example of operable
mitigation measures.
21
The PURP assisted construction activities should focus on: (i) reducing materials consumption and wastage; (ii)
increasing re-use and recycled content using products / resources with lower embodied carbon and embodied water, and
38
Environmentally friendly technologies and environmental conservation measures like tree plantation,
awareness raising in environmental (including cultural and archeological) should be promoted.
Information dissemination and public consultations should be an integral part of all activities under
PURP.
The generic Environmental Codes of Best Practice can be adapted to certain types of Category III sub-
grants. The Codes of Best Practice will be included in the clauses of the contractual agreements. These
will be modified and improved and revisions will be made during project implementation phase as
needed.
Since the municipal investments and sub-grants under PURP might create temporary business
disruption, the following types of losses, policy/entitlement frameworks are applicable and hence
discussed below.
An Entitlement Matrix (EM) has been developed as per this framework following GoN’s and the World
Bank’s safeguard policies. It outlines various types of losses that could result from project activities.
Temporary business disruption during civil works is the only type of loss that could occur from project
activities that would require compensation. Both permanent and ambulatory vendors will also be eligible
for compensation. Compensation amounts will be based on the principle of replacement value. The exact
value of compensation and replacement cost will be determined after conducting the detailed
no scarcity or source security issues; (iii) reducing energy and water use by enabling energy and water efficiency during
construction; (iv) providing alternative supplies of water and energy for, and during construction.
39
measurement survey (DMS) to record the actual impacts of the affected structures, land and/or non-land
assets and census survey of the affected businesses, and families.
40
Types of Loss Entitled Entitlement/Compensation Issues Implementation Procedures Responsibility
Persons
Temporary loss of Permanent For permanent businesses, full closure of the shops during Develop a list of businesses, shops, etc., that will be LSMC, Sub-
livelihood, trade, business construction is not expected, although road closures affected during civil works Grant
occupation or restricting vehicle access may be expected in some places. LSMC, in consultation with local communities will decide Recipients
incomes due to Pedestrian access will be maintained at all times. As a on the terms and conditions of calculation of the losses
disruption during result, only partial disruption to some businesses is (e.g., criteria that will be used to calculate the reduction
construction expected. This resettlement policy makes provision for in sales)
compensation for business losses during construction . The LSMC in consultation with local experts and affected
municipality and/or sub-grant recipient will be responsible for business owners will determine the compensation prices
compensating businesses for temporary losses (reduction in Notice about the civil works schedule will be
sales) during civil works. communicated to the affected businesses, shops, etc.,
35 days prior to the initiation of civil works
41
Types of Loss Entitled Entitlement/Compensation Issues Implementation Procedures Responsibility
Persons
facilities as a result of construction works, the affected
parties will be compensated immediately for the
damages incurred and/or the facilities restored
immediately to former conditions.
Loss of standing Forest Mitigation measures should be initiated to control erosion List of plant and tree species lost and an assessment for LSMC and Sub-
crops, trees and users’ caused by tree cutting, and to stabilize and rehabilitate it maintaining that kind of vegetation grant recipient’s
perennial trees group/other with suitable bioengineering works and vegetation and Compensation for trees calculated on the basis of type,
groups should be according to DoF regulations age, and productive value of affected trees in
concerned consultation of concerned forestry office and locals
Advice from the Department of Forestry will be
requested for necessary action
42
As a reference, the World Bank’s format for social impact assessment, social screening criteria, RAP,
and process for preparation of RAP are included in Annex 3 and Annex 4.
Ensure that the project engages in free, prior, and informed consultation with affected communities,
leading to broad community support for the project, with particular attention to vulnerable groups;
Ensure that project benefits are accessible to the vulnerable communities living in the project area;
Avoid any kind of adverse impact on vulnerable communities to the extent possible and if
unavoidable ensure that adverse impacts are minimized and mitigated;
Ensure vulnerable peoples’ participation in the entire process of preparation; implementation and
monitoring of the sub-grant activities;
Minimize further social and economic imbalances within communities; and
Develop appropriate training / income generation activities in accordance to their own defined needs
and priorities.
The National Foundation for the Upliftment of Adivasi/Janajatis Act, 2058 (2002), the National Human
Rights Action Plan 2005, the Environmental Act 1997, and the Forest Act 1993 have emphasized
43
protection and promotion of vulnerable groups in general, IPs’ knowledge, and cultural heritage in
particular. In 1999, the Local Self-Governance Act was amended to give more power to the local political
bodies, including authority to promote, preserve, and protect the IPs’ language, religion, culture, and their
welfare.
The World Bank policy on indigenous peoples emphasizes the need to design and implement projects in
a way that fosters full respect for indigenous peoples’ dignity, human rights, and cultural uniqueness and
so that they:
1. A social assessment will be carried out for the entire project at the beginning of the activities as part
of the pro-poor participatory planning process (component I).
2. Then a social screening will be carried out to determine whether IPs and VCs will be affected by the
activities as part of the environmental and social screening for the municipal investments and sub-
grants carried out at the identification stage.
The screening will involve identifying IPs and VCs belonging to the area where the municipal
investments and sub-grant interventions will be undertaken, their population (number and ratio), and their
characteristics as compared to the main population in the project area through primary and secondary
data collection.
The social screening will provide the necessary information to determine impact including: (i) the
beneficiary population living within the impact zone of the municipal investments and sub-grants (ii) the
extent of land required (even temporary) and number of land owners affected (if applicable); (iii) impacts
on poor and vulnerable groups including needs and priorities for social and economic betterment; and
(iv) other social impacts.
The screening report will also provide information about the potential damage / loss of common
community structures such as: water tanks and pipes, religious cultural monuments / sites, inner urban
roads, etc.
Municipal investments and sub-grants will be categorized according to the level of impacts on IPs and
VCs. The categorization will be determined by the type, location, scale, nature, and presumed magnitude
of potential impacts on IPs and VCs. The municipal investments and sub-grants will be categorized as
per the following table:
44
22
Category A Municipal investments and sub-grants expected to have significant impacts that require an
Indigenous People (IP)/Vulnerable Community Development Plan (VCDP)
Category B Municipal investments and sub-grants expected to have limited impacts that require specific
action for IP/ Vulnerable Groups in resettlement plans and/or social action plans
Category C Municipal investments and sub-grants not expected to have impacts on IP/ Vulnerable
Groups and, therefore, do not require special provision for IP/ Vulnerable Groups
The IP-VCDP Impact Screening & Categorization Form is presented in Annex 6. Based on the
categorization for screening impact, sub-grant specific and municipal investment specific IP-VCDPs will
be prepared as per the guidelines and sample IP-VCDP provided in Annex 7. In case of significant
impacts (falling in categories A and B) on IPs and VCs, the PMT will submit the IP-VCDP to the World
Bank for clearance. An IPP would be required irrespective of the magnitude of impact on IPs, with the
guidelines for preparing IPPs included in the Annex 6. Short IP-VCDPs prepared as a part of ‘less
impact’ or ‘no impact’ category will be internally evaluated. The World Bank will periodically review and
do random review of these documents.
5.3.2.3 Specific Measures to be followed while dealing with Indigenous People and
Vulnerable Groups
Specific measures for vulnerable groups including indigenous peoples, Dalits, minor ethnic communities,
women, and powerless communities are outlined below:
Ensure awareness raising, active participation and capacity building of the vulnerable communities
Ensure participation in awareness campaigns, project implementation and monitoring of vulnerable
groups
Ensure equal wages for similar work during implementation
Launch project information campaign to inform the target groups about the key features of the project
and the municipal investments and sub-grant interventions implemented under the project.
Asses and analyze the presence of indigenous and Dalits in the areas where municipal investments
and sub-grants are implemented
Provide preferential treatment and support to indigenous people, Dalits and other vulnerable
communities
Involve IPs, Dalits and vulnerable groups in beneficiary groups as needed to increase their
participation.
Ensure the identified needs and priorities of vulnerable people are taken into account in the
municipal investments and sub-grant interventions
Conduct project related meetings in indigenous and vulnerable community areas to encourage their
participation. Ensure a quorum which includes representation from IP groups.
Encourage sub-grant interventions providing targeted assistance/training aimed at vulnerable groups
to enhance livelihoods and participation
Build capacity of indigenous peoples, Dalits and other vulnerable communities to promote their
necessary knowledge and skills to participate in the project activities
22
The impacts on IP/ Vulnerable Group will be considered ‘significant’ or Category A if the sub grant positively or
negatively:
a) affects their customary rights of use and access to land and natural resources,
b) changes their socio-economic status,
c) affects their cultural and communal integrity,
d) affects their health, education, livelihood, and social security status, and/or
e) alters or undermines the recognition of indigenous knowledge.
45
Encourage development of capacity through trainings on skill enhancement (handicrafts, etc.) of
local people as part of the sub-grant interventions.
Gender analysis will be an integral part of the initial social assessment, carried out by the PMT and sub-
grant proponents respectively with the support of the PSC as part of the safeguard screening of the
municipal investments and sub-grant intervention preparation. . The gender analysis will identify issues
related to gender disparity, needs, constraints and priorities. Disaggregated data on beneficiaries based
on gender (in particular female-headed households) will also be collected and monitored.
The project activities would be developed to be gender responsive based on the findings of the gender
analysis. Agreed actions will be included in the design of the municipal investments and sub-grant
interventions by the PMT and sub-grant recipient respectively to outline how gender concerns will be
addressed throughout the project and ensure measures are taken to maximize gender-related benefits.
The findings and recommendations from the gender analysis carried out at the screening stage and
feedback on gender issues from beneficiaries during implementation will be regularly monitored by the
PSC to determine the need for further action.
The PSC will include a social specialist with prior experience incorporating gender considerations into
project design and implementation. The PSC social specialist will be responsible for carrying out gender
sensitization and awareness campaigns and related training to the PMT, ward authorities and sub-grant
recipients. The awareness raising and technical assistance costs are estimated of the order of USD
50,000-100,000 depending on the nature of the municipal investments and sub-grants identified for
implementation. The costs of the actions required to maximize gender-specific benefits are unknown ex-
ante given the demand- driven nature of the municipal investments and the grant facility.
Excluded from Gender sensitization to all Carry out meetings and interaction PMT/PSC, all components
Opportunities stakeholders including program with and orientation to women
PMT. in the project area.
Ensure Women’s Ensure representation of women in the PMT/PSC
participation during grievance redress committee.
meetings, project Prepare clause to be included in civil PMT/PSC, component 2
46
Gender
Strategy Proposed Activities Responsible Party
Issues
implementation and work contract documents to prevent
monitoring. discrimination in employment on the
basis of sex, caste, religion and
ethnicity.
Conduct leadership training for women PMT/PSC, component 3
members of commodity groups in the
project area.
Disparity in Wages Accord priority Inform women groups regarding PMT/PSC
employment to women in proposed construction works.
construction activities Identify women interested to work;
under the project. assess their skills and involve them
Promote equal wages for as per their capabilities.
equal work Monitor women’s wage rate and do
the needful to ensure wage equality
for similar type of construction
works.
Inclusion of the above elements in
the contractors’ documents.
47
5.4 Process for Managing Environmental and Social Impacts
This ESMF proposes measures to minimize and mitigate environment and social impacts of the project
activities. Proper integration of the findings from the safeguard studies and public consultations into the
planning/decision-making process and engineering outputs (design and bidding documents) will be
essential to avoid/reduce the environmental and social issues that may arise due to the project. To
ensure that the municipal investments and sub-grants do not cause any significant adverse impacts, a
safeguard screening process will be established. In case significant impacts are likely to occur, the
municipal investments and subgrant/s will require environmental and social assessment and preparation
of mitigation/management plans. The key steps for managing any potential adverse impacts are outlined
in the table below: a) for civil works carried out under the Pro-poor Municipal Investments and Initiatives
Window; and (b) for civil works carried out under the Community-based and the Pro-poor Business
Development initiatives.
Table 5. Key Steps for Managing Environmental and Social Issues (Pro-poor Municipal
Investments and Initiatives Window)
Stages in
Steps in the Assessment Process
Sub-grant Cycle
Identification of municipal PMT/PSC to carry out Environmental and Social Screening to determine key potential
investments safeguard issues.
PMT/PSC to carry out field verification to determine whether exclusion criteria have been
adhered to.
Project Design PMT/PSC to consult with key stakeholders
(for works that only require PMT/PSC to prepare Environment Management Plan for municipal investments not requiring
EMP) detailed assessment (Category II projects) in parallel with detailed engineering design phase
PMT/PSC to ensure integration of the EMP into the Bidding Documents (if works are carried
out by contractors)
Project Design PMT/PSC to prepare ToR to carry out Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)to determine
(for works that require level and scope of EA. PMT/PSC will do it. ToR for IEE and IEE should be approved by
detailed assessment, i.e relevant line ministry (MoUD). Preparation of IEE to include steps listed below
IEE)
Baseline Data Collection: Identification of environmental and socio-economic
Since works requiring conditions.
EIA are included in the
exclusion criteria for Environmental Impact Prediction/Assessment: Assessment of impacts in terms of
PURP, EIA details are characteristics such as magnitude, extent, duration and significance in quantitative
not mentioned here. terms as far as possible; describing all reasonable alternativ es, including preferred
and ‘no project’ options.
Mitigation Measures Design: Design to avoid, reduce and minimize adverse
environmental impacts and enhance beneficial impacts
Public Consultation and Participation: At various stages in the assessment process
to ensure quality, comprehensiveness and effectiveness of the stakeholders’
participation and to adequately reflect/address their concerns.
Preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP): Determination of specific
actions to be taken during engineering design and construction stages to minimize
or mitigate negative impacts and enhance the positive impacts.
Report Preparation: Summary of all information obtained, analyzed and interpreted
in a report form; also include a non-technical summary including methods used,
results, interpretations and conclusions made.
IEE should incorporate physical, chemical, biological, social, economic and cultural
aspects/environment.
48
Approval of municipal PMT/PSC to review and approve Technical and Safeguard Report/s (for IEE review
investments and approval will be through MoUD; IEEs also need to be submitted to the Bank for
No Objection). The Review of report/s to assess whether potential issues have been
adequately addressed to facilitate the decision-making process- decides if project
should proceed, or if further-alternatives must be examined or totally abandoned.
Integrate EMP or IEE into engineering design and bidding documents if works are to
be carried out by contractors.
Implementation PMT/PSC to orient / train the Contractor/Users Committee and other field staff on
EMP/IEE requirements.
PMT/PSC to supervise, monitor EMP and IEE compliance (if contractor is used,
environmental and social clauses should be part of bidding documents. Monitoring
by the supervising engineer/or LSMC/or by other related entity should be
mentioned)
PMT/PSC to take corrective actions, as and if necessary
Post-Construction LSMC staff to carry out post-construction operations and maintenance in line with
EMP/IEE. the concerned department of municipality
Similarly, the key steps for managing any potential adverse environmental and social impacts for sub-
grant activities under the community based initiatives and pro-poor business development initiatives
windows applicable (only for works) are outlined in the table below:
Table 6. Key Steps for Managing Environmental and Social Issues (Community Based Initiatives
and Business Development Grant Window)
Stages in
Steps in the Assessment Process
Sub-grant Cycle
Sub-grant calls for PMT to issue calls for proposals specifying eligibility requirements, as well as including a list
proposals of excluded activities. The call for proposals will include sub-grant application form and
safeguard screening checklists (Project Operational Manual (POM) Annex 2 and ESMF
Annexes 4-6).
Sub-grant Identification & Sub-grant applicant to carry out environmental and social screening to determine key issues
proposal screening stage and appropriate selection of site with support from the PMT/PSC; the screening will be
integral part of the sub-grant application to be submitted to the PMT.
PMT/PSC to carry out field verification in collaboration with the sub-grant applicant to
determine whether exclusion criteria as specified in the calls for proposals have been
adhered to.
Sub-grant preparation Sub-grant recipient to carry out consultations with key stakeholders.
(for sub-grant that do not Sub-grant proponent responsible for carrying out EMP for sub-grant not requiring detailed
require detailed assessment (Category II projects) following approval of the proposal and before the signing
assessment, i.e. only of the grant agreement. The PMT/PSC will provide technical and financial support to the
require EMP) sub-grant recipient with the preparation of the EMP.
Project Design The grantee will be responsible for delivering the IEE following approval of the proposal and
(for sub-grant that require before the signing of the grant agreement with LSMC to determine level and scope of EA.
detailed assessment), i.e The PMT/PSC will provide technical and financial support to the grantee with the preparation
for IEE of the IEE. ToR for IEE and IEE should be approved by relevant line ministry (MoUD).
Preparation of IEE to include steps listed below
Since projects requiring
EIA are included in the Baseline Data Collection: Identification of environmental and socio-economic
exclusion criteria for conditions.
PURP, EIA details are
not mentioned here. Environmental Impact Prediction/Assessment: Assessment of impacts in terms of
characteristics such as magnitude, extent, duration and significance in quantitative
49
terms as far as possible; describe all reasonable alternatives, including preferred
and ‘no project’ options.
Mitigation Measures Design: Design to avoid, reduce and minimize adverse
environmental impacts and enhance beneficial impacts.
Public Consultation and Participation: At various stages in the assessment process
to ensure quality, comprehensiveness and effectiveness of the st akeholders’
participation and to adequately reflect/address their concerns.
Preparation of EMP: Determination of specific actions to taken during engineering
design and construction stages to minimize or mitigate negative impacts and
enhance the positive impacts.
Report Preparation: Summary of all information obtained, analyzed and interpreted
in a report form; also include a non-technical summary including methods used,
results, interpretations and conclusions made.
IEE should incorporate physical, chemical, biological, social, economic and cultural
aspects/environment.
Sub-grant safeguard PMT/PSC to review and approve Safeguard Report/s (for IEE review and approval
assessment approval will be through MoUD). The review will aim to assess whether al l potential safeguard
issues have been adequately addressed to facilitate the decision -making process,
and decide whether the sub-grant should proceed, or if further-alternatives must be
examined or totally abandoned.
Sub-grant proponents to integrate EMP into engineering design and bidding
documents with support from PMT/PSC. Approval of safeguard assessment is a
condition for signing the sub-grant agreement. The EMP/IEE is integrated into the sub-
grant agreement between the municipality and the sub-grant recipient.
Implementation PMT/PSC to orient/ train the sub-grant recipient and other field staff on EMP/IEE
requirements.
Sub-grant recipients to monitor and regularly report on EMP/IEE compliance with
support from PMT/PSC.
PMT/PSC to carry out regular field verifications and take corrective actions, as and
if necessary.
Post-Construction Sub-grant recipients to carry out post-construction operations and maintenance in
line with EMP/IEE with support from the PMT/PSC.
50
CHAPTER VI: INFORMATION AND CONSULTATION FRAMEWORK
The information and consultation framework is intended to lay out the way in which information will be
provided to the project implementers and beneficiaries and also how consultations will be held during
PURP implementation. Its purpose is to ensure social and environmental issues are effectively
addressed by the project in a transparent and participatory manner. The primary responsibility for the
implementation of information and communication strategies lies with the PMT. The details are
elaborated below.
6.1 Information and Consultation Framework for Municipal Investments and Sub-
grants of PURP
Effective public consultation will be needed from the earliest (planning) stages of the project. Input from
relevant stakeholders will be essential especially during the identification of municipal investments, sub-
grant proposal preparation, and implementation phases of the municipal investments and sub-grants.
6.1.1 Identify and Analyze Potential Stakeholders to Understand their Interest and
Needs
Each stakeholders group plays a distinct role in the planning and implementation of the municipal
investments and sub-grants. The comprehensive participatory consultation process therefore needs to
be undertaken at the start of the process to identify all potential project stakeholders, as well as their
specific areas of interest and their specific needs. Stakeholders’ identification and analysis need to
continue throughout the project cycle and remain dynamic. The relevant types of stakeholders are the
following:
51
Important aspects of the communication strategy include communication objectives; challenges and
obstacles to achieving these objectives; target audiences; nature of communication messages;
communication channels; and aspects required for successful implementation of the strategy such as
timelines, responsibilities and resources.
All communication products targeting communities and their representatives including civil society
groups and ward officials should be available in languages appropriate and understandable by the target
audience.
The participants at, and outcomes of the consultation meetings are presented in Annexes 8 and 9,
respectively. Such type of consultations, workshops, and interactions shall be continued during the
PURP implementation cycle. This type of consultations will be the forum for sharing information about
the project’s objectives, scope, alternative design options, and stakeholders’ perspectives regarding
PURP.
The key stakeholders to be consulted during municipal investments and sub grant preparation, RP/IP&
VCDP implementation, and program implementation include:
52
Political party representatives, community leaders, and representatives of community based
organizations;
Representatives from recipient wards;
Local NGOs;
Officials of LSMC and relevant government agency representatives.
In the local cultural and social set up women do not play an active part in decision-making regarding
municipal services and their standards, although women with relatively higher awareness level (e.g.,
social mobilizers, GoN employees, health workers, teachers, etc.) manage to express their concerns.
Ideally separate meetings will be held for women, but if it will not be possible to held separate meeting
with women, women will be consulted through CBOs or NGOs,
The PMT will ensure that views of APs, particularly those who are vulnerable, related to the project are
looked into and addressed. The PMT will ensure that APs consulted are informed of the outcome of the
decision-making process, and will confirm how their views were incorporated.
For all municipal investments and sub-grants, information will be disseminated to wards at various
stages. In the initial stage, the LSMC will be responsible for informing potential wards and the general
public of the project about the components of the project through leaflets and publication in local media
outlets and newspapers. The PMT will conduct consultations and disseminate information to all APs
during these initial stages to create awareness of the project.
53
CHAPTER VII: GRIEVANCES REDRESS MECHANISM
The GRC needs to be established as soon as the project is effective. The representative from project
beneficiaries will be nominated by the chairman of the GRC for a period of one year. A complaint cell will
be established under the PMT to collect complaints and transmit them to the GRC. The affected
persons/communities can register their grievances through multiple ways including locked boxes at the
project office that can only be opened by a designated person, email, a designated telephone number,
and submission of complains at the wards etc. The affected persons can also register their grievances at
the complaint cell established at LSMC. Any affected family or person can approach the GRC directly
regarding issues related to environmental and social issues including temporary impacts and impacts
during construction. Handouts providing details of the structure and process for redressing grievances
will be distributed in the project area through the ward offices. All cases will be registered, categorized
and prioritized by the complaint cell. The GRC will meet in a monthly basis to discuss the petitions
submitted by the people/community. If any member (including CEO) is concerned, then the grievances
will be forwarded to the Steering Committee secretariat (KVDA). The GRC will be regularly supervised by
the World Bank, including reviews of documentation.
54
CHAPTER VIII: MONITORING AND EVALUATION
Similarly periodic external monitoring with external review using quantitative and qualitative methods
shall be followed. The ESMF evaluation will be mid-term and end term and both have to be third party
evaluation.
The table showing indicators, methods, and responsibilities for social and environmental safeguard
monitoring in PURPPURP is highlighted below. The frequency will be decided by PMT as needed.
Adherence to mitigation measures (social and Review of report, field verification PMT /PSC
environmental)
Responsibility of Monitoring: The environmental and social expert of PMT is responsible for internal
monitoring of ESMF. The mid-term and end term monitoring shall be done by external experts.
55
CHAPTER IX: CAPACITY BUILDING
Since Lalitpur Sub-metropolitan City does not have direct experience with the implementation of World
Bank-funded projects, the ESMF has included capacity strengthening measures.
9.1 Training
Training is an important component for developing capacities. Appropriate and timely training to the
officials with regard to various issues can bring a positive change in the functioning of the staff. Apart
from training in generic areas such as human resource management, information management,
government functionaries require training in handling certain specialized tasks pertaining to
environmental and social issues. The PMT will identify the training need assessment at LSMC and
suggest the training packages including their modality of operation.
The environmental and social officers of LSMC would require capacity building inputs to help them
understand the environmental risks associated with PURPPURP sub-grants and the appropriate
measures that can be taken to mitigate adverse impacts on the community. In addition, they would
require training to equip them with skills they can use to appraise sub-grants on key environmental
criteria and ensure that they are environmentally sound. Environmental assessment and management
training should also be provided to them.
Training on Environmental and Social Assessment of PURPPURP sub-grants will enable the municipal
staff to understand the environmental risks attached to different sub-grants and the appropriate
measures that can be taken to mitigate adverse impacts on the community. This would not only enable
them to prepare environmentally sound sub-grants but also help them put in place strong monitoring and
management plans.
56
9.2 Training on Preparing Communication Strategies
A well-developed communication strategy needs to be in place to realize better results in implementing
the projects. The PMT will have to develop and effectively implement their own consultation and
communication strategy. Successful implementation of sub grant would depend, to a large extent, on the
ability to maintain close contact with the community in the sub-grant area. For this purpose the PMT
needs to develop consultation plans along with the help of recipient wards. Such a communication
strategy would help in better communication, clearer understanding of social problems, better service
delivery, easier conflict resolution and grievance redress. Training modules may be developed to help
municipalities draft and implement appropriate consultation strategies. Experts from the PSC will assist
the PMT in preparing this training.
57
Annex 1: Steps and Requirements for IEE Studies for PURP
Task 1: Collection and Review of Project Baseline data Task 2: Task 3: Task 4:
(EPR, Rule 5, Rule 7 and schedule 5, IEE Guidelines) Preparation of ToR Review and approval of ToR as per Fifteen days Public Notification in
Activities: Submission to concerned EPR Rule 5 (3) National daily Newspaper as per
ministry (MoLD) as per EPR-
Collection and review of project related sectoral legal EPR Rule 7 (2)
Rule 5 (1)
documents, institutional arrangements and capacities Activities:
Collection and review of project documents, layouts,
Review by the client as Activities:
DESK STUDY
Y
T
E
Task 5: Notice posting, Public Deed of Enquiry and Task 6: Field investigation, interaction with local people and other stakeholders and collection of baseline data as per EPR Rule 7
interaction with client and the Stakeholders as per EPR Rule- and schedule 5, IEE Guidelines for all alternative routes.
7
Activities:
Activities: Field investigation on physical and chemical environments using applicable tools (direct observation and mapping,
monitoring, public interactions, past history etc) for erosion, sedimentation, landslides, geomorphic processes, land forms,
FIELD STUDY
Y
L
T
I
58
Task 7: Data Analysis and interpretation. Task 8: Preparation of Draft IEE report and submission as Task 9: Review and approval of IEE as per EPR Rule 11
Activities: per EPR Rule 5, 7 and 10 and schedule 5 (1)
Alternative assessment with no project, route or section,
Activities:
ANALYSIS AND REPORTING
Responsibility: PMT/Clint/Consultant
59
Annex 2: Project Environnemental Management Plan (EMP)
(Example of an EMP)
CHAPTER: 1
PROJECT DESCRIPTION, Components and Environmental Management Plan
1. Introduction
1.1 Background
The project activities may be categorized mainly into three phase which are activities in
(i) Design and Bidding Phase
(ii) Construction Phase
(iii) Operation Phase
CHAPTER: 2
Ensure that all mitigation measures and monitoring requirements will actually be carried out at
different stages of project implementation and operation - pre-construction, construction and
operation and maintenance;
Recommend a plan of action and a means of testing the plan to meet existing and projected
environmental problems;
Establish the roles and responsibilities of all parties involved in the project’s environmental
management;
Describe mitigation measures that shall be implemented to avoid or mitigate adverse environmental
impacts and maximizing the positive ones;
Ensure implementation of recommended actions aimed at environmental management and its
enhancement; and
Ensure that the environment and its surrounding areas are protected and developed to meet the
needs of the local people, other stakeholders and safeguard the interests of the common people.
The anticipated impacts due to project in and mitigation measures are mentioned in table 1 attached with
this document.
60
Environmental impacts on the physical, biological, and socio-economic and cultural environments during
the pre-construction, construction and operation and maintenance phases are discussed here in detail
with the mitigating measures.
The summary of the anticipated environmental impacts and the mitigation measures are given in matrix
form attached with this document
The mitigation measures shall be designed during the construction and operation phases of the project
to minimize the adverse environmental impacts. The mitigation measures along with the item wise
mitigation cost are prepared in EMP. Sample a mitigation measure is shown below.
The envisaged impacts due to implementation of PURP component could be grouped into positive and
adverse impacts. The goal of mitigation measures is to maximize the positive impacts and minimize or
reduce the adverse impacts.
The proposed mitigation measures for predicted adverse impacts could be grouped into three categories
as Physical, Biological, Socio-economic and cultural environment. Such impacts could be further
classified as impacts during the construction stage and operation stage.
Physical Environment
There will not be huge excavation activities during sub project construction. If any
valuable archaeological assets are identified it will be managed as per DoA rules and
regulation.
61
S.N Identified Impacts Sample Suggestive Mitigation Measures
and its impacts on surrounding environment construction site in a regular basis. Use of old and worn out vehicles
shall be avoided to control air pollution.
The construction material shall be covered during the transportation
of materials.
3 Impacts related to noise created by the Night time construction work shall not be allowed. Vehicle speed
vehicle used for the transportation of control and maintained vehicle shall be used. Use of old and worn
construction material out vehicles shall be avoided to control noise pollution.
4 Impacts related to stockpiling of Construction material shall be stored/stockpiled in designated area
construction materials (fenced and secured, covered).
5 Impacts related to traffic obstruction and Adequate traffic signs, warning signs, and scheduling of transport
traffic management operator in off office hours to avoid traffic congestion and
inconvenience to people.
6 Possibility of contamination of water source Regular water sprinkling in approach road, construction sites.
due sub project construction activities. Discourage use of direct discharge of water in to water bodies
without proper treatment.
7 Impacts related to health and safety of Use of safety signs in places, fencing of active work
workers, and visitors /worshippers places/construction sites provision of PPE to workers.
8 Impacts related to obstruction and Adequate signs shall be used, construction materials shall be stored
disturbances to visitors/worshippers of in designated areas with proper fencing, and construction work shall
temple/shrine be planned in such a way that it won’t stop worshippers.
9 Impacts related to liquid waste, solid waste, Implementation of solid and liquid waste management technology.
and sewage management during Prohibition of littering and illegal dumping of waste in premises and
construction phases of the project its surroundings.
10 Impacts due to construction materials Proper selection of construction material and paint which won’t effect
(including chemicals) in old artifacts, gold, by any means to old artifacts, valuable items (like gold/gold platings
etc. etc). DoA norms shall be strictly followed up.
11 Impacts to recharge areas/aquifer. PURP recipient wards no 16, 18, 21, 22 of LSMC has many stone
spouts which has particular recharge areas, special care and
protection should be made to such areas during construction and
operation of PURP.
62
S.N Identified Impacts Sample Suggestive Mitigation Measures
excavation, cultural and archeological The new construction in any means shall not deteriorate the
issues during the renovation of “originality” of the temple”.
temple/shrine or while implementing PURP DoA norms for materials, size/shape, shall be followed. Encourage
programs in 4 wards of LSMC. representatives from DoA to be present during the excavation period.
Other responsibility of the LSMC are as follows:
Ancient Monument Preservation Act, 1956 of GoN shall be followed
in addition to the following requirements.
(ii) The municipality shall develop a protocol for use by the
construction contractor in conducting any excavation work,
to ensure that any “chance finds” are recognised and
measures are taken to ensure they are protected and
conserved. Part of this protocol will be that when “chance
finds” of archaeological material occur, all excavation work
at the site shall stop until the DoA can determine if the
site needs to be documented or scientifically excavated
before work continues.
(ii) All materials used in the repair and restoration of the temple
and its surroundings (plinths, walls, stairs, paving etc.) shall
be of traditional materials (e.g., lime mortar instead of
cement, Jhingati roof tiles, dachi brick etc.) and be of high
quality. The DoA will provide specifications for such
materials as wood (for columns, rafters, struts), brick or
stone (for paving, stairs, walls, plinths), lime mortar, and roof
tiles, that shall be followed. Materials shall be checked at
pre-shipment and at delivery for compliance with
specifications.
Operation Phase Mitigation Measures (prepared as per specific project for PURP)
Physical Environment
Biological Environment
Socio-economic Environment
63
operation in compliance with the existing Act and Rules. Overall project environmental management is
the responsibility of LSMC.
The impact monitoring in the plan relates to only those measurable indicators in the socio-economic,
Cultural/Physical, Chemical and Biological environments. For each of the monitoring indicators,
monitoring methods, frequency of monitoring, responsible parties along with the required cost estimates
have been estimated.
64
National
Standards
Individuals Competent Environmental
or Timing of
Impact Enhancement Measures responsibl Authority/ Enhancement
SN Guidelines/ Actions
e Agency Costs (NRs)
Approved
Documents
Opportunities
Ensure that the engineers
Impacts of
and contractors pay all
Construction
local revenues to the Const. and
on Local Approved
6 local governments such LSMC Operation No cost
Government IEE
as for rental revenue, phase
Revenue
aggregate extraction
opportunities
revenue, etc.
II Cultural and Physical Environment (Construction and Operation Phase)
III Chemical Environment (Construction and Operation Phase)
Impacts of Educate the local NGOs,
Environmen school teachers, and
tal students on the air,
Awareness water, and land quality 200000.00
Const. and
for the Air, management approach Municipalit Approved
1 Operation
Water and of the project by the y IEE
Phase
Land project environmental
Quality staff
Manageme
nt
IV Biological Environment (Construction and Operation Phase
1
1. Disposal of solid waste, Use for land recovery and land filling LSMC and During and after
waste materials and concerned ward construction
construction spoils. period
2. Degradation of water quality, Treatment facility during construction LSMC and During
air quality & noise level due period concerned ward construction
to project construction Use of personal protective equipment period
activities. for workers.
3 Occupational Health Implementation of OSH activities. LSMC and During
Distribution and encouragement for concerned construction
Hazard and Safety. the use of safety hats, shoes, follow- ward/stakeholders period
up of safety regulation, well-
communication of construction safety
instructions at all levels,
11 Impacts on sanitation and Workers are not allowed to stay over LSMC and After
health of the community due night out from the camp. Moreover concerned construction
to increase in disease vector awareness program will be launched ward/stakeholders
and transmission of disease to prevent from the STDs .
from outside workforce.
26 Reducing the land use. Appropriate route selection to Municipalities and Construction and
minimize impacts Consultant, and Operation
Maximum use of existing road and Contractor phases
public land
Collection of spoils and its
management in scientific way
65
Format for Environmental Mitigation Measures as per EMP
Identified Recommended Mitigation and
S.N Name of Sub Project Remarks
Issues/Significance Enhancement Measures
66
Annex 3: Format for Social Impact Assessment
For sub-grants involving resettlement impacts, the social officer of LSMC with support from social
safeguard specialist of PSC or contracted consultant will undertake social impact assessment (SIA) for
each identified municipal investments and/or sub-grants, on the basis of preliminary technical designs.
These surveys will help in determining the magnitude of displacement, prospective losses, better
targeting of vulnerable groups, ascertaining actual costs of resettlement, and preparing and
implementing a resettlement plan.
No involuntary (temporary and permanent) land acquisition is allowed under the project. Land
acquisition costs cannot be funded with the JSDF grant.
The purpose of the survey is to register and document the status of potentially affected persons within
the direct impact zone of the project activities. The census survey will cover 100 percent of PAPs. The
census survey will provide a demographic overview of the population, and will cover people's assets and
main sources of livelihood. The survey of the direct impact zone will cover the following: (i) boundaries of
the site identified for the proposed subproject elements in case of subprojects involving new
interventions, (ii) proposed right-of-way (RoW) boundaries which will include titleholders and non-
titleholders occupying the proposed RoW, (iii) current occupants of the site including businesses,
vendors, whether titleholders or otherwise and experience temporary disruptions during construction,
and (iv) losses of PAPs.
67
68
Annex 4. Involuntary Resettlement Impact Screening & Categorization Form
A. Project Data
69
D. Information on Affected Persons
Any estimate of the likely number of households that will be affected by the municipal investment/sub-grant?
[ ] No. [ ] Yes. If yes, approximately how many? ______
No. of HHs losing <10% of their productive assets (land/ cowshed/shops/economic units)?_______
Are any of them poor, female-headed households, or vulnerable to poverty risks? [ ] No. [ ] Yes. If yes,
please briefly describe their situation with estimated numbers of HHs?
Are any vulnerable households including dalits and janjatis affected? [ ] No. [ ] Yes. If yes, please briefly
describe their situation with estimated numbers of HHs?
What are the needs and priorities for social and economic betterment of vulnerable people including dalits
and janjatis who are affected by this municipal investment/sub-grant?
E. Decision on Categorization
After reviewing the answers above, based on the level of risk it is determined that the sub-grant is:
Categorized as an A project, a full Resettlement Plan is required
Categorized as a B project, a short Resettlement Plan is required
Categorized as a C project, no Resettlement Plan is required
Note: Only category B and C municipal investments and sub-grants are expected to be funded under
PURP since no involuntary (temporary and/or permanent) land acquisition is allowed under the project,
and land acquisition costs cannot be funded with the JSDF grant.
___________________________ _____________________________
Prepared by: Approved by:
(Social Development Officer) (Executive Officer, Municipality)
Date: Date:
______________________________
Reviewed by Social Specialist, Grant Facility Administrator:
Date:
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Annex 5: Environmental Impact Screening & Categorization Form
1. The environmental screening checklist is designed to capture and record relevant environmental
information needed for environmental screening of a proposed municipal investment/sub-grant. It also
provides early warning to the municipal investment/sub-grant preparation team about potential
environmental factors, and provides opportunity to address them in time.
2. The screening team (PMT) must be familiar with municipal investment/sub-grant background through
secondary information before walkthrough.
3. During walkthrough the team should held discussion or inquires with communities along the way. Note
a more detailed environmental investigation will follow, if necessary, at the later stage. The method to
be follow during screening walkthrough include; observation, inspection and inquiry with local people.
4. The team must carry topographical map with them, mark important environmental and cultural
features on the map and refer to appropriate section of the checklist. The map should be included as
annex to the screening report.
5. The team should take photographs of areas with environmental and cultural implications, and attach
in the report with caption
6. The team should include summary of the screening findings, listing main environmental issues/
concerns related to sub-grant.
Project Brief
Name of municipal investment/Sub-grant (ward Settlements
and other identifying features), show in map.
Proposed Work/ Activities, and Approximate Investment
Required. Describe construction and operation phase
activities.
Implementation approach and institutions involved (User
group, contractor, Municipality, Use of heavy machines or
labour-based using hand tools).
71
Potential risks to the sites from sub-
grant activities during construction or
operation.
B2. Water Sources/Water Bodies such as traditional stone spout, well, pond, etc.
Is there any traditional water sources (spout, well) Yes No
and water bodies (pond) in or near municipal
investment/sub-grant site (Tick)
If Yes, please provide following information.
Name of Place Location Existing conditions (type, including
(distance from purpose of use, number of users, areas
proposed site) served), problems and causes of
problems:
B4 Community Infrastructures ( water supply, electricity, telephone , streets, lane, cultural show, etc )
Is there a chance of impacts on any Community Yes No
Infrastructures due to the municipal investment/sub
grant? (Tick)
If yes, please provide following information.
Name of Community Infrastructure Location in Existing conditions, problems and
relation sub- causes of problems:
grant
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or during operation? (Tick)
If yes, please provide following information.
Name of industry/ factory Location in Existing conditions, problems and
relation sub- causes of problems:
grant
B7 Community and settlements: organized community groups/ guthi, settlement of special groups
Is there a chance of affecting community groups, Description Potential problems to
special groups? Location of their settlements in (approximate no. of these settlements due to
relation sub-grant. HH and population, proposed sub-grant
nature and special works activities during
feature/importance/sig construction and
nificance) operation.
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If yes, provide further information List of hazardous Risks of the hazardous material. Is it
materials likely to be permitted under national regulation?
used. WHO Category.
Current practice, and
management.
Prepare and attach environmental map of the municipal investment/sub-grant project site showing existing features (land
use – built up areas, agriculture land, grass land etc.; water bodies, rivers, social infrastructures – road, taps, temples,
stupas, markets, other water sources; etc) and environmental risky areas (water bodies that could be damaged, river
cutting, and all other possible risky features are areas).
______________________________
Reviewed by Environmental Specialist, Grant Facility Administrator:
Date:
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Annex 6: IPs & Vulnerable Groups Impact Screening & Categorization Form
A. Project Data
Will the project in any way affect their economic and social
activity and make them more vulnerable?
23
Land acquisition costs cannot be funded with JSDF grant.
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C. Additional Information Required
Total and affected areas of land, by type of land assets;
Total and affected areas of structures, by type of structure (main or secondary);
Legal status of affected land and structure assets, and duration of tenure and ownership;
Quantity and types of affected crops and trees;
Quantity of other losses, e.g. business or other income, jobs or other productive assets,
estimated daily net income from informal shops;
Quantity/area of affected common property, community or public assets, by type;
Summary data on PAP households, by ethnicity, gender of head of household, household
size, primary and secondary source of household income viz-a-viz whether household is
headed by women, or consists of marginalized ethnic groups (Dalits, Freed Kamaiya),
Muslims/religious minorities, elderly, disabled, indigenous people (highly marginalized,
marginalized, and, disadvantaged IPs), below poverty line of NRs 3000/month), landless or
households losing 50% of total landholdings (particularly those totally dependent on
agriculture for livelihood), as well as remote villages.
Identify whether affected land or source of income is primary source of income; and
AP knowledge of the subproject and preferences for compensation and as required,
relocation sites and rehabilitation measures
E. Decision on Categorization
___________________________ _____________________________
Prepared by: Reviewed by:
(Social Expert, LSMC) (Social safeguard specialist, GFA)
Date: Date:
______________________________
Approved by:
(Executive Officer, Municipality)
Date:
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Annex 7: Outline Structure of an IP - Vulnerable Community Development Plan (IP/VCDP)
The identities, cultures, lands and resources of IPs groups are uniquely intertwined and vulnerable to
changes caused by development programs. Because of this uniqueness and cohesiveness, sub-grants
that include janajati and dalit settlements, should ensure that these groups are not disadvantaged by
these development interventions and the proposed mitigation measures/benefits are culturally
compatible. This annexure provide a set of guidelines for addressing impacts on IP and vulnerable
population through the preparation of an IP-VCDP.
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Annex 8: Public Ward Level Consultations Findings
April 2013
In addition to several other consultations, consultations were held in each of the four LSMC recipient
wards (listed below) during the preparation of this ESMF. Details of the consultation outcomes are
presented below.
Ward Consultations
Prior starting the consultations in each ward, there were introductions of all of the participants as well as
highlight information about PPURP by the LSMC and World Bank staff and consultants.
The ward level consultations for ward no 16 was held at the ward office situated at Dhapagal. The
concerns and queries raised by the participants were as follows.
A participant emphasized the need for sewerage in ward no 16. He has mentioned that due to
construction of road and other infrastructure creates pressure in sewerage network. The GoN and LSMC
is focusing only for the construction and improvement of road not for sewerage. Due to lack of sewerage
in ward no 16, the waste water is spilled all over the road.
He further mentioned that in ward no 16, “Asta Matrica Dance” is one of the famous tradition which
needs to be continued and conserved for future in which PPURP can support.
A: PPURP focuses only in small infrastructure components benefiting the pro-poor community. The
sewerage project falls under large infrastructure support which is beyond the scope of PPURP. Besides,
this requires treatment facility and stringent clearance which falls under exclusion criteria set for PPURP.
A participant mentioned that most of the stone spouts, and wells in ward no 16 are drying up and it
needs to be conserved. So, the project needs to think for improving recharge area and maintenance of
stone spouts and wells.
In ward no 16, Adarsha Saral High School is the only government school. Since the school is in Guthi
land, government is not providing any kind of financial and other support to the school. The school is
trying to conserve the culture by including “Newari Language” in their syllabus. They are expecting
PPURP to support school in promoting language promotion and for conservation of Guthi land and
buildings.
The market management and waste management in ward no 16 is very poor and needs improvement.
Since there are many open spaces in the ward, it should be maintained (including greenery).
Private sector is doing well in handicraft sector. The lesson learned from the private sector should be
applied to project interventions.
There are many temples, shrines, resting places in ward no 16, so PPURP program should focus on
renovation and maintenance of such items.
Nakabahil of ward no 16 should be promoted as a tourist place. The information about Patan should be
provided to tourist, including the importance of Nakabahil area. The tourist shop in the area needs to be
managed properly. The entrance gate, and resting place (Pati) of Nakabahil should be renovated giving
ancient look.
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2. Ward office, Ward no: 21, LSMC- 28 April, 2013
A participant liked the idea of the project. He has mentioned that the activities should be selected in
participatory manner in a bottom up approach not from top to bottom approach.
There were several consultations and expectations raised by LSMC in the past. Despite such
consultations and planning, some of the programs proposed earlier didn’t happen at all. Due to this
reason, people are losing trust and stop appearing in consolations. People are willing to support if
projects like PPURP is implemented in their ward.
A participant has previous experience working with WB funded projects. He has mentioned that LSMC
and ward should be transparent and fund shouldn’t be misused.
There are many organizations working in the area of women empowerment, uplifement of pro-poor,
environmental conservation in ward no 21. They might be willing to work in collaboration with PPURP.
She will inform those organizations about objectives and scope of PPURP. She further added that if
LSMC collaborate with such organizations, it could be instrumental in implementing PPURP activities in
wards.
A participant mentioned that it will be difficult for wards to generate matching fund for community support
programs like (conservation of shrines, temples, historical places) as these are public properties, people
are not willing to contribute.
The ward has bad experience working with LSMC in the past. If LSMC implements the activity, it will be
difficult to maintain the quality. So, in order to maintain the quality of work, it needs to be contracted out
with conditions that respective ward will also be engaged in monitoring and supervision activity. Previous
lessons learned and existing ill social practices in executing the task through municipality should be
reviewed prior deciding the mechanism of implementation of program.
The grant needs to be properly utilized so effective monitoring by the World Bank should be in place.
The municipality should be transparent and the modality of operation of program should be not being
difficult. The individual ward must be in position to play a major role in selection of activity and in
monitoring.
There is several income generating activities currently ongoing in ward. So, this program can obtain such
information and also collaborate with such entities for effective and participatory implementation of
activities.
Since this is ward focused program, information dissemination and orientation is required to majority of
population. For the effective execution of this program, ward level representation in the steering
committee of LSMC is recommended.
Since there is no elected government body at ward level, the program needs to be executed
representing all walks of society. If this program is dependent only to municipality, it will be difficult for
execution at grass root level of ward. It is for this reason, mechanism for effective ward level
representation is essential.
A participant noted that programs executed directly through ward are more transparent and effective.
The budget should reach to targeted stakeholders directly to avoid misuse and proper execution of
activity.
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He further added that there are many historical and archeological places in ward no 22, which has not
yet been highlighted due to lack of promotional activities. He has suggested that stocktaking of such
historical and archeological places and its promotional activities should be an integral component to
PPURP.
A participant mentioned that his organization is providing skill oriented training to people in areas of
cottage industry (handicraft etc). Since there are many such organizations involved in providing such
trainings, the PPURP can use such roster of organizations for their use.
A participant mentioned that all the recipient wards of PPURP should unit together for tourist promotion
in Patan. The development of state of the art tourist information center and tourist route could be one of
such initiatives.
A participant is 82 years old and knowledgeable about the history of the area. He has mentioned that
there are several shrines and archeological places in the ward. Besides there are many stone spouts
and wells in the ward. The “Gopi Chandra Mahabihar” and other several Bihars has a long history and
such information is not available within Nepal. However in Tibet and in Nalanda people are involved
researches of such archeological places of Patan. They often visit the site and interview Mr Shakya. Mr.
Shakya is in favor that such historical item needs to be preserved. He believes that promotion of such
items will support the tourism industry in Nepal.
A participant mentioned that they are promoting local handicraft and gift items produced at local level
and even open a shop for promotion and sale. Their organization is willing to collaborate with wards for
such promotion for PPURP.
The local people are producing handicraft items but finding a market is a big challenge. So, effective
promotion and access to market for the locally produced goods is one of the important aspects to be
considered under this program.
According to a participant, all the recharge areas of stone spouts and wells are encroached in the name
of urbanization. The wells and stone spouts are drying up. It is very important to increase the recharge
areas by introducing techniques like rain water harvesting. He further added that the remaining ponds in
LSMC need to be conserved.
He has also mentioned that there are very unique traditional houses in ward no 18, which needs to be
conserved. According to him, the traffic management is poor in tourist areas of ward no 18 and other
places. The problem of pollution and hawkers are also prevailing in the area.
A participant mentioned that LSMC should develop tourist package in collaboration with wards to avoid
monopoly of tourist guides.
A participant advised that handicraft fair should be organized by the wards for the promotion handicrafts.
The tourist police and other safety and information mechanisms which are in place should be effective.
For quality tourism, facilities for tourist should be developed within wards.
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Annex 9: Public Ward Level Consultations Attendance
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Ward 22 Consultations, 29 April, 2013
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Annex 10: Pictoral Highlights of Ward-level Interactions
Office of ward no 16, LSMC Vegetable market close to ward no 16, LSMC
People waiting to fetch water ward no 22 Local people waiting to fetch water from
stone spouts, near ward office of ward no 22
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Glimpse of settlement in ward no 18 Open spaces in front of ward no 18
84
During consultations with stakeholders at ward no 18 During consultations with stakeholders at ward
no 18
85
Houses glimpse of ward no 21 Participation of consultation ward no 21
86