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LEA26 Comparative Police System
LEA26 Comparative Police System
LEA26 Comparative Police System
SECTION 47. Repealing Clause. — All existing rules, regulations and resolutions of the Board which are
inconsistent with these Rules are hereby repealed or amended accordingly.
SECTION 48. Effectivity Clause. — These Rules shall take effect upon approval by the Secretary of Justice and
fifteen (15) days after its publication in a newspaper of general circulation. Done in Quezon City, this 26th day
of November 2002.
Police = The governmental department charged with the regulation and control of the affairs of a community, now
chiefly the department established to maintain order, enforce the law, and prevent and detect crime. (French
word)
GLOBALIZATION
= package of transnational flow of people, production, investment, information, ideas and authority.
= growing interpenetration of states, markets, communication and ideas.
= The process of creating transnational markets, politics, and legal systems in an effort to form and sustain a
global economy.
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= there is strong adversarial system and rely upon oral system of evidence in which the public trial is a
main focal point
= also known as “Anglo-American Justice”
2. Civil Law Systems = distinguished by strong inquisitorial system where less right is granted to the accused and
the written law is taken as gospel and subject to little interpretation
= also known as “Continental Justice or Romano-Germanic Justice”
Home Rule = the theory of police service which states that police officers are servants of the community or the
people. This theory prevails in England and United States. It is also the police service which prevails in country with
decentralized form of government. This is likewise the police service theory that should prevail in the Philippines
based on the existing laws, concepts and principles.
b. Modern police service = states that the yardstick of police proficiency relies on the absence of crime.
Deviance Control = is the modern police function which primarily involves the mission to
reinforce community values and laws. This was adopted by Germany, China and Japan.
Civil order control = is not organizationally separated from deviance control but is performed by regular street
police in the country of England and United States.
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About 700 AD, the people living in England in small rural towns used the Anglo-Saxon System. Ten families
in a town (tun) equaled a tithing. Each tithing elected a leader who was known as the Tithingman. Since 10 tithings
amounted to 100, the leader of the 100 families was
named the reeve. Both the tithingman and reeve were elected officials. They possessed judicial power as well as
police authority.
C. Trial by Ordeal
A judicial practice where in the guilt or innocence of the accused is determined by subjecting him to an
unpleasant, usually dangerous, experience. (In present terminologies, it would mean an employment of a “3rd
degree.”) The word “ordeal” was derived from the Medieval Latin word “Dei Indicum” which means “a miraculous
decision.”
This system of policing existed during the time of Norman William The Conqueror (King of France). When
he invaded and conquered England, a military regime of conquers and dictators began and changed the concept
of crime being committed against the state.
A. Shire-Rieve
Shire-Rieve was a policing system during the Norman Period when England was divided into fifty-five (55)
military areas, each headed by a ruler called the Rieve (head-man or lieutenant of the army). The fifty-five (55)
military divisions in England are called shires. The shire-rieve had absolute powers that no one could questions
his or her actions.
Two “Constabuli” or “The Keeper of the Horse” were appointed to each village to aid the Rieve in his
duties. It became the source of the word Constable.
C. Legis Henrici
An act that was enacted during this period with the following features:
▪ Offenses were classified as against the king and individual.
▪ Policeman becomes public servant.
▪ The police and the citizens have the broad power to arrest. It introduced the system called
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“citizen’s arrest.”
▪ Grand Jury was created to inquire on the facts of the law. A system which made inquisition onto the facts
of a crime and eliminate the “Anglo-Saxon Trial or “Trial by Ordeal System.”
D. Frankpledge System
A system of policing whereby a group of ten neighboring male residents over twelve years of age were
required to guard the town to preserve peace and protect the lives and properties of the people
▪ Guards were appointed and the duties of the constables at night (watch) and in daytime (ward) were
defined
▪ Statute of Westminster of 1285, a collection of regulations aimed at keeping the peace.
B. Statute of 1295
The law that marks the beginning of the curfew hours, which demanded the closing of the gates of
London during sundown.
A proclamation issued by King Richard of England sometime in 1195 that required the appointment of
knights to keep the King’s peace by standing as guards on bridges and gates while checking the people entering
and leaving the cities and towns.
▪ No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned, banished or exiled except by legal judgment of his peers.
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▪ No person shall be tried for murder unless there is proof of the body of the victim.
Bow Runners = a group of men organized by Henry Fielding and named by his brother John Fielding task to catch
thieves and robbers
1798 = Marine Police Force was established, salaried constables were being paid by local magistrates.
= initially made up of 220 Constables assisted by 1,000 registered dock workers, and was responsible for
preventing the theft of cargo. = widely regarded as being the first modern police force in the world, in the sense
that they were not government controlled and were responsible for the prevention of crime.
LONDON 1829
Sir Robert Peel = appointed as Home Secretary in 1822
METROPOLITAN POLICE = organized in 1829 by Sir Robert Peel (Metropolitan Police Act of 1829)
= the largest of the police services that operate in greater London (the others include the City of London
Police and the British Transport Police)
= finest police force around the world.
IMPORTANT DATES
▪ 1833 = Coldbath Fields Riot (Grays Inn Road). A major crowd disturbance dealt with by the Metropolitan
Police with controversial use of force.
▪ 1836 = The Metropolitan Police absorb the Bow Street Horse Patrol into its control.
▪ 1838 = incorporates Marine Police and Bow Street Runners into the Metropolitan Police and the
disbandment of the Bow Street Office and other Offices. These were all agreed and put into effect.
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Contributions of the French in Policing
▪ Assigning house numbers
▪ Installing street lights
▪ Use of police ambulances
▪ Use of warrant card and ID signifying the authority to arrest
▪ New York Police Department = the largest police force in the United States
▪ Texas Ranger = police force originally created in response to colonization
▪ Boston Police Department = first local modern police department established in the United States
▪ Pennsylvania State Police = the first state police agency established
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▪ Los Angeles Police Department = police force that hired the first female police officer
named, Alice Stebbins Wells
The United States police rank model is generally quasi-military in structure. Although the large and varied
number of federal, state, and local police departments and sheriff's office have different ranks, a general model,
from highest to lowest rank, would be:
➢ Chief of Police/ Police Commissioner/ Superintendent/ Sheriff
➢ Deputy Chief of Police/Deputy Commissioner/Deputy
Superintendent/Undersheriff
➢ Inspector/Commander/Colonel
➢ Major/Deputy Inspector
➢ Captain
➢ Lieutenant
➢ Sergeant
➢ Detective/Inspector/Investigator
➢ Officer/Deputy Sheriff/Corporal
CANADA
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) = colloquially known as Mounties and internally as “The Force” = is the
national police force of Canada and one of the most recognized of its kind in the word being a national, federal,
provincial and municipal policing body. It is founded in 1920 by the Merger of Royal Northwest Mounted
Police(1873) with the Dominion Police (1868).
= headed by the Commission under the direction of the Minister of Public Safety Canada.
AUSTRALIA
Australian Police = a progressive and multi-faceted law enforcement organization, taking strong lead in the fight
against 21st century crime.
▪ Commissioner = highest rank
▪ Constable = lowest rank
HONGKONG
Hong Kong Police Force
= is the largest disciplined service under the Security Bureau of Hong Kong. It is the world's second, and
Asia's first, police agency to operate with a modern policing system. It was formed on 1 May 1844.
in 1969, Queen Elizabeth II granted the Royal Charter to the Hong Kong Police Force for their
handling of the Hong Kong 1967 riots — renaming them: the Royal Hong Kong Police Force. Following the transfer
of sovereignty, the Force is once again named the Hong Kong Police Force
Structure HKPF
The Force is commanded by the Commissioner of Police, who is assisted by two deputy commissioners:
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a. Deputy Commissioner – Operations = supervises all operational matters including crime and
b. Deputy Commissioner – Management = is responsible for the direction and coordination of force
management including personnel, training, and management services.
Hong Kong Police College = s responsible for all matters relating to training within the Hong Kong Police except
internal security, Auxiliary and Marine Police training. Training provided by the Police College includes recruit and
continuation training, crime investigation training, police driver training and weapon tactics training. The
information technology training, command training, local and overseas management training, some specialist
courses and periodic courses on firearms and first aid are also provided by the Police College.
Service Quality Wing = is responsible for spearheading initiatives to improve services provided to force
customers both external and internal. The wing comprises three branches: Performance Review, Research and
Inspections and Complaints and Internal Investigations (C&II) Complaints and Internal Investigations (C&II) =
includes the Complaints Against Police Office (CAPO) oversees the investigation and successful resolution of all
complaints made both externally and internally against members of the force.
Five passes or above, which may include Chinese Language and English Language, in the HKCEE, or a
combination of results in five Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE) subjects of Level 2 in New
Senior Secondary (NSS) subjects, “Attained” in Applied Learning (ApL) subjects (subject to a maximum of two ApL
subjects) and Grade E in Other Language subjects, or equivalent.
▪ Written Examination
▪ Extended Interview
▪ Psychometric Test
▪ Final Interview Board
▪ Physical Fitness Test
▪ Integrity Checks and Medical Examination
▪ Appointment
RANKS OF HKPF
Commissioner of Police (CP)
Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP)
Senior Assistant Commissioner of Police (SACP) Assistant
Commissioner of Police (ACP)
Chief Superintendent of Police (CSP) Senior
Superintendent of Police (SSP) Superintendent of
Police (SP)
Chief Inspector of Police (CIP) Senior
Inspector of Police (SIP) Inspector of Police
(IP)
Probationary Inspector of Police (PI) Station
Sergeant (SSGT)
Sergeant (SGT)
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Senior Constable (SPC) Police
Constable (PC)
TAIWAN
TAIWAN POLICE FORCE = is the unified police force of taiwan
= under the supervision of NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY which is directly under the
MINISTRY OF INTERIOR
= under effective civilian control
FUNCTIONS
1) to maintain public order,
2) 2) to protect social security,
3) 3) to prevent all dangers, and
4) ) to promote the welfare of all people.
MYANMAR
Myanmar Police Force = formally known as The People's Police Force (Burmese: Pyi Thu Yae Tup Pwe)
= established in 1964 as independent department under Ministry of Home Affairs. It was reorganized on
1 October 1995.
There are 14 State and Divisional Police Forces and three additional State/Division Police
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Forces
TRAINING CENTERS
1. Central Training Institute of Myanmar Police Force
2. No.1 Police Training Depot = undertakes Basic Training Course for Police Sergeant for 2 years; Warrant Officer
and Police Sergeants Course for 12 Weeks; and Basic Training Course for Constables for 6 Month
3. No. 2 Police Training Depot = undertakes only Basic Training Course for Constables, which normally takes
around 6 months to complete.
= organized 1946
= also known as Polri
Markasbesar/Mabes = name of the headquaters of Indonesian National Police located in KebayoranBaru, South,
Jakarta, Indonesia
SPECIAL BRANCHES
1. Brigade Mobile (BRIMOB) = the most militarized trained to deal with mass demonstrations
= paramilitary role to conduct security stabilization operations and providing security for VIP and vital
facilities
2. Anti-Riot Unit (Pasukan Anti Huru-Hura) = received special anti-riot training
3. Sea and Air Police = responsible patrolling the airspace
4. Plainclothes Unit = assigned in conducting investigations
5. Maritime Police = responsible in protecting the territorial sea
6. Anti-Terrorist Unit = trained in counter-terrorism
7. Forensics = in-charged of laboratory examination of evidence
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RANKING SYSTEM OF POLRI
Police General = equivalent of Director General of PNP
Second Bhayangkara = equivalent of police officer 1 of the PNP
ROYAL MALAYSIAN POLICE (RMP: Malay: Polis Diraja Malaysia, PDRM) = police force of Malaysia.
= The constitution, control, employment, recruitment,fund, discipline, duties and powers of the police
force is specified and governed by the Police Act 1967
RMP Organizations
1. Management Department = the Management Department is tasked with the routine of management and
administration affairs of the RMP. This department is also the nerve centre of the RMP and acts as the support
services platform for the rest of the force.
2. Logistics Department = has the role to provide several equipments needed in RMP
▪ 3. Criminal Investigation Division = deals with the investigation, arrest and prosecution of hard crimes
(murder, robbery, rape etc) and petty crimes (theft, house-breaking etc).
= This department also specializes in gambling, vice and secret societies (triads)
Branches of Criminal Investigation Division
▪ D1 – Administrative Division
▪ D2 – Criminal Record Registration
▪ D3 – Internal Affairs
▪ D4 – Statistics
▪ D5 – Prosecution and Law Divisions
▪ D6 – Technical Assistance Division
▪ D7 – Gambling / Vice / Secret Societies
▪ D8 – Investigation Division / Planning
▪ D9 – Special Investigation Division
▪ D10 – Forensic Laboratory Division
▪ D11 – Sexual Investigation Division
▪ D12 – National Centre Bureau-Interpol Division
4. Narcotics Criminal Investigation Division = this department's function is to fight against dangerous drugs by
enforcing the law to stop and reduce the demand and supply of dangerous drugs.
5. Internal Security and Public Order Department = responsible for traffic control and Search & Rescue (SAR)
operations
6. The Police Field Force (PFF) = organized in battalions and was a para-military units of the Royal Malaysia Police.
Also known as the Jungle Squad
= established in 1948
7. Police Counter-Terrorism Unit = an elite unit of RMP responsible in counter-terrorism operations
8. UNGERIN = Unit Gempur Marin (UNGERIN) (Marine Combat Unit) was established in 2006 and it was fully
operational by the end of 2007
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= first name was Unit Selam Tempur due to the pressing need to suppress the pirate attacks alongside
the coastal area of Malacca Straits and open sea area of South China Sea which were continuously widespread
from time to time despite various efforts done to overcome the problem
= members received training from U.S
9. Federal Reserve Unit (FRU) = (Malay: Pasukan Simpanan Persekutuan)
= its role is riot suppression, crowd control, disaster relief & rescue, as well as special operations
assistance
= organized in 1955
10. C4-i Implementations System = (abbreviation for Command, Control, Communications, Computer-
Integrated) = based at Police Control Centre in all police contingents in Malaysia.
= this unit is assigned to patrol the city and the suburbs.
11. The Marine Operations Force or (Malay: Pasukan Gerakan Marin) = tasked with maintaining law and order
and coordinating search and rescue operations in the Malaysian Maritime Zone and on the high seas
12. Royal Malaysian Police Air Wing Unit or Unit Udara PDRM (UUP) = is a special unit of Royal Malaysia Police
with a vital role in maintaining national security with thorough surveillance and patrol from the air
13. Special Branch = This department is responsible for collecting intelligence for national security
14. Traffic Unit = responsible in maintaining the flow of traffic
15. Commercial Crimes Investigation Department = this department's main function is to investigate, arrest,
and prosecute offenders committing white collar crimes such as fraud, breach of trust, cyber-crimes, forgery,
counterfeiting etc
16. Mounted Police = police who patrol on horseback (equestrians) or camelback. They continue to serve in
remote areas and in metropolitan areas where their day-to-day function may be picturesque or ceremonial, but
they are also employed in crowd control because of their mobile mass and height advantage
RANKS OF RMP
INSPECTOR-GENERAL OF POLICE = equivalent of director general (Philippines)
Singapore
Francis James Bernard = formed the skeleton force as the heritage of Singapore Police Force in 1819.
▪ Singapore Police Force (SPF) is the main agency task with the maintaining law and order in the city-state.
It is formerly known as Republic of Singapore Police. Organized with split staff (15) and line functions
(13) roughly modeled after the military. Headquarters at New Poenix Park in Novena. The highest rank is
Commissioner of Police and the lowest is Police Constable.
▪ Section 7 of Police Force Act of 1857 = constitution of the SPF
Recruitment/training
▪ High school graduates who were interested in law enforcement as a career can be recruited and those
who are selected for officers had to be approved by the Public Service Commission.
▪ Career development course were encouraged for officer and senior officers are required to travel
oversees for training such as in Police Staff College in Britain, FBI Nat’l Academy in US and Police
Academy in Japan.
▪ Nine (9) months training. Newly appointed officer will be placed on a one year probation period.
RANKS OF SPF
Commissioner of Police = equivalent of director general in the Philippines
ORGANIZATION OF NPA
1. National Public Safety Commission = a government body responsible for the administrative
supervision of the police. Under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister
2. Japan National Police Agency (NPA) = a totally gunless police force, except for its special attack team.
Regional Police Bureau = the local organizations to carry out part of the NPA’s functions. There are about 7
Bureaus in the major cities except for Tokyo and Hokkaido where in Tokyo, Metropolitan Police department
(headed by Superintendent General) has long been established and shares the same location with the NPA.
Prefectural Police has the whole of Hokkaido under its jurisdiction.
4. Prefectural Public Safety Commission (PPSC) = administrative commission functioning under the
representative system which supervise the prefectural police. Under the Jurisdiction of the Governor. Though not
empowered to give order to the Commission.
5. Koban = a system of policing adopted in Japan, a substation near major transportation hubs and shopping areas
and in residential districts which forms the first line of police response to the public.
= Koban usually staffed by 3-5 officers and about 7000 residential police boxes (Chuzaisho- staffed by a
single officer). About 20 % of police is assigned to Koban.
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Kinds of police
1. People’s Armed Police (PAP), 1980’s deals with domestic disturbances, acts as riot police and guard’s
government compounds and foreign embassies. Usually handles border defense but is called sometimes to back
up local police.
2. State Security Police = (1983) safeguards state security, prevent foreign espionage, sabotage and
conspiracies. Under the Ministry of State Security and directly accountable to the State council.
3. Prison Police = a part of the correctional arm of the overall police system stationed in prisons and correction
units. This is under the leadership of the Ministry of Justice.
4. Judicial Police = responsible for maintaining the security and order in courts and serving instruments and
some also executing death sentences.
5. Quasi parapolice (“Cheng guan”) = operate in many places and hired by officials to help carry out some
unpopular actions such as collecting taxes and fines and ousting peasants from seized land.
Civil Service Promotion Examinations = basis for regulation of the Rank promotion Examination for
police officer.
= In 1998, TNPD was transferred from the Ministry of Interior of Thailand to be directly under the Office
of the Prime Minister using the name Royal Thai Police. The position of its supreme head was changed from that
of the Director-General of the TNPD to the Commissioner- General of the Royal Thai Police
▪ Cuardilleros = a body of rural police organized in each town established by Royal decree of Jan. 8, 1836. It
mandates that 5% of the able bodied male inhabitants of each province where to be enlisted in this
police organization for 3 years. There services are originally not paid or gratuitous subject to some
privileges although in some province they received a proportionate pay ranging from 4.00 to 8.00
depending on the revenue collection.
▪ Carabineros De Seguridad Publica = Organized in 1712 for the purpose of carrying the regulations of the
Department of State. This was armed and considered as the mounted police who later discharged the
duties of a port, harbor and river police. It was later given special commission by Royal Decree of December
20, 1842 and it was called – Cuerco De Seguridad Publica ( Corps of Crabbiness for Public Security).
▪ Gurdia Civil = Created by Royal decree on February 12, 1852, to partially relieve the Spanish peninsula
troops of their works in policing towns. It is consisted of a body of Filipino policemen organized originally
in each of the provincial capital of the province of Luzon under the Alcalde Mayor.)
▪ Philippine Commission Act No. of 175 = (July 18, 1901) an act providing for the organization and
government of an Insular Constabulary.
▪ Sec. 1, Act 255 of October 3, 1901 = renamed the Insular Constabulary to Philippine Constabulary (a
national police institution for preserving peace, keeping order and enforcing the law.
▪ Henry Allen = the first Chief of the Philippine Constabulary.
▪ Act No 70 = (On January 9, 1901) The Metropolitan Police Force of Manila was organized
▪ E.O. 389 = Ordered that the PC be one of the four services of the AFP, dated December 23, 1940.
▪ P.D. 765 = Integration Act of 1975, dated August 8, 1975, established the Integrated National Police (INP)
composed of the PC as the nucleus and the Integrated local police forces as components, under the
Ministry of National Defense.
▪ E.O. 1012 =transferred to the city and municipal government the operational supervision and direction
over the INP units assigned within their locality.
▪ R.A. 4864 =It created the POLCOM (Police Commission) as a supervisory agency to oversee the training
and professionalization of the local police under the Officer of the President. Otherwise known as the
Police Professionalization act of 1966, dated September 8, 1966. It was later renamed as the National
Police Commission (NAPOLCOM).
▪ E.O. 1040 = Transferred the Admin. Control and Supervision of the INP from the ministry of National
Defense to the National Police Commission
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▪ R.A. 6975 = It is otherwise known as the Department of Interior and Local Government Act of 1990,
enacted on December 13, 1990. Established the PNP, BFP, BJMP and the PPSC.
▪ R.A. 8551 Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998, enacted 1998, amending the
provision of R.A. 6975
▪ Act No. 181 = created the Division of Investigation (DI) of the Department of Justice dated November 1938.
▪ R.A. 157 = created the National Bureau of Investigation, enacted June 19, 1947 and later reorganized by
R,A. 2678
▪ Line and Staff = the organizational structure of the P.N.P. which is also adopted by many police
organization in the world.
▪ P.N.P. = headed by Chief with a rank of Director General with two (2) Deputy Director General (1) for
Administration and (2) for Operation. Although there are three (3) Deputy Director General ranks.
▪ SOP No. 7 = prescribed PNP guidelines in the conduct of operations against terrorists and other lawless
elements involved in terrorist activities.
= Coined by Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt in the declaration by United Nation. This declaration was
made to officially state the Cooperation of the allies (Great Britain, the United States, and the Union of soviet
Socialist Republics)
Branches of UN
1. UN general Assembly = This is the main decision- making and representative assembly in the UN through its
policies and recommendations. It is composed of all member states , is headed by a president elected from the
member states, and meets from September to December
2. UN Security Council = is another branch in the organization of the UN and is the most powerful of all the
branches.
FUNCTIONS
a. Preventive Action = consist of provisional measures to prevent a conflict from worsening, and may involve the
deployment of PEACEKEEPING AND OBSERVER missions
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Five Permanent Members of Security Council
1. China
2. France
3. Russia
4. United Kingdom
5. United States
*The other 10 members are rotating or elective members for a period of two years by the General
Assembly
3. International Court of Justice = Located in the Hague, Netherlands. This branch is responsible for the judicial
matters of the UN.
4.Secretariat = Its main responsibility is providing studies, information, and other data needed
5. Economic and Social Council = consists of 45 members elected by the General Assembly for a 3 year term.
6. Trusteeship Council = assists the security council and the general assembly in the administration of the
International Trusteeship System
UN CHARTER = it is closest to a constitution that basically governs the relations of international persons.
Technically, it is a Treaty.
TREATY = an international agreement concluded between states in written form and sworn by international law,
whether embodied in a single instrument or in two or more instruments and whatever its particular designation.
INTERPOL
▪ Interpol (1923) = (International Criminal Police Organization) is the police forces organization that
primarily manifest global or international cooperation in addressing transnational crime. Its headquarters
was initially located in Vienna Austria (it is where Interpol was founded) but at present it is transferred
to Lyon France.
▪ INTERPOL = is the world’s largest international police organization, with 190 member countries. It exists
to help create a safer world by supporting law enforcement agencies worldwide to combat crime.
▪ It aims to facilitate international police co-operation, and supports and assists all organizations,
authorities and services whose mission is to prevent or combat internal crime.
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= the organization of law enforcement agencies worldwide that serves as transmission or communication
line for the exchange of information, data and request for assistance between and among the member
countries.
▪ It focuses on: (1) Combat crimes and transnational crimes; (2) protect minorities against the
dominant groups; and (3) Maintain law enforcement regardless of race or religion.
INTERPOL’ s Structure
▪ General Assembly
▪ Executive Committee
▪ General Secretariat
▪ National Central Bureaus
▪ Advisers
▪ The Commission for the Control of INTERPOL’s Files.
General Assembly = is the supreme governing body of the Interpol, it meets annually and comprises delegates
appointed by each member country. The assembly takes all important decisions related to policy, resources,
working methods, finances, activities and programmes.
Executive Committee = consisting of 13 members elected by the General Assembly and comprises the president,
three vice –presidents and nine delegates covering the four regions.
It is the INTERPOL’s select deliberate organ which meets three times a year, usually in March, July and
immediately before the General Assembly.
3 Vice Presidents
Adamu Abubakar MOHAMMED (Nigeria) Mireille
BALLESTRAZZI (France)
Oscar Adolfo NARANJO TRUJILLO (Colombia)
9 Delegates
▪ Pieter Jaap AALBERSBERG (The Netherlands)
▪ Fath ELRAHMAN Osman (Sudan)
▪ Emmanuel GASANA (Rwanda)
▪ Francisco GIL MONTERO (Spain)
▪ Nobuyuki KAWAI (Japan)
▪ Tariq KHOSA (Pakistan)
▪ Sanna PALO (Finland)
▪ Marcos VASQUEZ MEZA (Chile)
▪ Timothy A. WILLIAMS (United States)
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General Secretariat = (Lyon, France) operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year and is run by the Secretary General.
It Works with Officials of more than 80 countries side-by-side using four official languages: Arabic, English, French
and Spanish. It consists of seven (7) regional offices across the world namely:
Argentina,
Cameron,
Cote D’Ivoire,
Kenya,
El Salvador,
Thailand, and
Zimbabwe.
National Central Bureaus (NCB) = Each INTERPOL member country maintains a National Central Bureau staffed
by National law enforcement officers. The NCB is the designated contact point for the General Secretariat,
regional offices and other member countries requiring assistance with overseas investigations and the location
and apprehension of fugitives.
Advisers = these are experts in a purely advisory capacity, who may be appointed by the Executive Committee
and confirmed by the General Assembly.
Commission for the Control of INTERPOL’ File (CCF) = this is an independent body whose mandate is threefold:
(1) to ensure that the processing of personal information by INTERPOL complies with the Organization’s
regulations,
(2) to advice INTERPOL on any project, operation, set of rules or other matter concerning the
information contained in INTERPOL’S files.
INTERPOL’s Governance = comprises the General Assembly and the Executive Committee, which is headed by the
President.
The President of the Organization is elected by the General Assembly for a period of four (4) years. His role
is to chair the General Assembly and Executive Committee and ensure that INTERPOL’S activities conform with
decisions made at these meetings.
INTERPOL’S NOTICE
1. Red Notice – a notice which is issued to seek the arrest or provisional arrest of wanted persons with a
view to extradition.
2. Blue Notice – this type of notice is issued in order to locate, identify or obtain information on a person of
interest in a criminal investigation.
3. Green Notice – to warn about a person's criminal activities if that person is considered to be a possible
threat to public safety.
4. Yellow Notice – to help locate missing persons, often minors, or to help identify persons who are unable to
identify themselves.
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5. Black Notice – a notice issued to seek information on unidentified bodies.
6. Orange Notice – to warn of an event, a person, an object or a process representing an imminent threat
and danger to persons or property.
7. Purple Notice – issued to provide information on modus operandi, objects, devices and concealment
methods used by criminals.
8. INTERPOL–United Nations Security Council Special Notice – is issued for individuals and entities that are
subject to UN sanctions.
The following are channels of global bilateral and multilateral international cooperation against
transnational crime:
Global multi-lateral cooperation via Interpol;
Bilateral police cooperation agreements with individual states;
European multilateral cooperation via Europol.
*System of policing that serves as a grass root approach to bring the people and the police together in
cooperative manners:
Problem Oriented Policing
Community Oriented Policing
Cooperative Policing
Team Policing
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d. Analyzing Crime Data
Criminal intelligence analysis is recognized by the law enforcement community as a valuable tool, helping
to provide timely warning of threats and operational police activities. INTERPOL contributes to investigations by
assisting officers working at the General Secretariat and in member countries with research and analysis on crime
trends and with training courses in criminal analysis techniques.
IMPORTANT DATES
▪ 1983 (Jakarta) = Endorsement of the model & design of ASEANAPOL logo
▪ 1984 (Kuala Lumpur) = Royal Brunei Police became a member and joined the annual conference
▪ 1996 (Kuala Lumpur) = Vietnam joined as a new member
▪ 1998 (Brunei) = Laos joined ASEANAPOL
▪ 2000 (Myanmar) = Myanmar became the 10th country to joined as a new member
▪ 2005 (Bali) = The setting up of a working group to consider the viability of establishing a permanent
ASEANAPOL Secretariat
= Silver Jubilee Commemoration of ASEANAPOL
▪ 2008 (Brunei) = The Royal Malaysia Police was chosen as a host of permanent ASEANAPOL Secretariat
▪ 2009 (Vietnam) = Adoption of Terms of Reference (TOR)
▪ 2010 = On 1st January 2010 commencement of ASEANAPOL Secretariat in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
ORANIZATION
1. ASEANAPOL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE = comprise of deputy heads of delegation attending the annual
ASEANAPOL conference. It provides a summary reports of the activities of the Secretariat to the Head of the
Delegation
2. ASEANAPOL PERMANENT SECRETARIAT = is on rotational basis with member countries taking turn to host the
ASEANAPOL conference and automatically assume the role of the secretariat for the current year.
= headed by executive director and assisted by 2 directors
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Tenure of Services
a. Executive Director - 2 years
b. Directors - 3 years (one for Police Services and one for Plans and Programs
*During the 29th ASEANAPOL Conference in Hanoi, Vietnam in 2009, the Terms of Reference on the
establishment of ASEANAPOL Secretariat was finally endorsed. Kuala Lumpur was made the permanent seat.
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