Bai 1 (20 diém). a) Giii phuong trinh Vix F1-Ve +1 =2 b) Mot migng dat Finh thang ¢6 day nh6 AB, diy ln CD, cic canh bén AD va BC 6 46 dai tuong ting 1a 14m, 28m, 13m va 15 m. Hay tinh dign tich miéng it. Bai 2 (2.0 diém). a) Chitg minh ring tng binh phudng cia nam s6 nguyén dong lién tiép khéng thé 1a binh phuong cia mét sé nguyén, b) Tim nam sé nguyén dong ign tiép biét rling tng binh phuong cia ba s6 nhd nhdt bing t6ng binh phuong cia hai s6 1én nat. Bai 3 (2.0 diém). a) Choa, b lacde sé thye dudng. Chiing minh cac bat dang thtic sau la? + b? i) + Yab sath. az + BF | 2ab a+b ii) at aap ee tea. b) Cho cic s6 thye x, = thoa man 0 < x, y, 2 <2 vax + y +2 = 3. Chung minh ring eye soLai gidi. a) Digu kign: x > 3x +1-2VOx4FDOFD +x +154, Binh phuong hai vé ciia hung trinh, ta duge hay la 2x -1= ¥3x?+4x41. ‘Ti day, do 3x? + 4x +1 > Onén tacé x > 4. Tiép tuc binh phuong hai vé ciia phuong trinh, ta dude 4x? 4x $1 = 3x? + 4x41, hay x= 0. Gidi phuong trinh nay voi chi ¥ x > $, ta dude x = 8. Thit lai, ta thy théa man. Vay phuong: trinh da cho e6 nghiém duy nhit x = 8. b) Goi M la trung diém cia CD. Khi d6, tacé AB = DM = MC = 14(m). Laicé AB || DC nén cde wt gide ABM D va ABCM Ia hinh binh hanh, Suy ra AMD = SMAB = ABCM. Ti d6, ta 6 Sascp = Samp + Smap + Saco = 3S5ecm- 4 8L&i gidi. a) 1, Goi nim sé nguyén lign tigp 1.x — 2.x — 1, x, x + 1 vax + 2 thi téng binh phuong cia ching bang (x= 2)? + (& = 1)? + x? + (x + 1)? + (+ 2)? = 50a? +2), Ta chiing minh s6 5(x? + 2) khOng thé la s6 chinh phuong. That vay, gia sit 5(x? + 2) = m? voi m € N*. Vi vé trai chia hét cho 5 nén ta suy ra m? chia hét cho 5, do d6 m chia hét cho 5. Tit 6, ta c6 m? chia hét cho 25. Suy ra.x? + 2 chia hét cho 5, tic x? chia 5 du 3. a Dé y ring, vi moi sé nguyén x thi s6 du khi chia x cho 5 c6 thé 140, 1, 2, 3, 4. Khi d6, sb du khi chia x? cho 5 chi c6 thé la 0, 1. 4. Q) Ti (1) va (2), ta suy ra diéu mau thudn, Vay digu gid sit 1a sai va ta.c6 digu phai chitng min. - 'b) Goi nam s6 nguyén dutong lién tiép lax, x + 1, x +2, x +3 vax + 4. Theo dé bai, ta a x? 4 (x $1 + (x +2)? = (x +3)? + (004-4). Khai trién va nit gon cde sé hang ding dang, ta duge x? -8x-20=0, hay (x + 2)(r— 10) = 0. Do x 1 s6 nguyén dung nén ta cé x = 10. Tir dé suy ra nim sé nguyén duong lién tiép phai tim la 10, 11, 12, 13 va 14. aLoi gidi. i) DE ¥ ring vdi moi x, y > 0, tac 2(x? + y?) = (x + y)? + (xy)? BF)? Tw do suy ra x+y s V207 +9). Sit dung bat ding thie nay, ta duye TEBE ee Oe Uap (= ey + ab) = Vero) =ath, Dau ding thife xy ra khi va chi khia = b. ii) Sit dung két qua cfu i), tacé ae es (a-by ERs 2 2( Ves + vat) (a=b? _ (a+b)? = 4ab =2a+b) 2a +b) ath lab 20 a+b ‘Tu d6 suy ra [2+ | 2b ath 2 atb~ 2 +vab. Diu diing thite xy ra khi va chi khi @L& gidi. a) Do Z la trung diém cung XY nén hai cung XZ va ZY co sé do bang nhau. Te do 2NAM = 2XAZ = ZYBZ = ZNBM. ‘Tu day, ta c6 wh gide ANMB ndi tiép (do A va B nhin NAF dudi cing mot g6c). Tacé g6c ZEF bang mot nita wng s6 do hai cung ZY va XA, g6c FBA bang mot nita tng s6 do hai cung ZX va XA. Tir day, voi chit ¥ hai cung ZX vi ZY o6 s6 do bling nhau, ta suy ra ZZAF = ZFBA. Do dé, tit ide AEFB néi tiép (g6c ngoai bing géc dbi trong).