Roadmap B1.

Teacher's
Book - 2019, 255p

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M9
^BIOGB]—_ MAAC
wdtg ndldti` rbsaurobs ihn issbssebht piocilb
Citb Fusoab, Cirbh Oiebrah Lriy

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Bvbry o`iss ds nd﬊brbht,

bvbry `birhbr ds uhdqub.
]aineip ds i hbw bdlgt-`bvb` lbhbri` Bhl`dsg oaursb far inu`ts wgdog rboalhdsbs
tgit bvbry o`iss ds nd﬊brbht ihn bvbry `birhbr ds uhdqub. Mud`t ah L`ami` _oi`b af Bhl`dsg
`birhdhl amkbotdvbs, tgb oaursb ds nbsdlhbn ta ldvb `birhbrs tgb spbod﬉o `ihluilb
tridhdhl tgby hbbn ta pralrbss. Bhlildhl, rb`bviht oahtbht ihn bxtbhsdvb suppart
eitbrdi`s eicb `bssahs bhkayim`b far matg `birhbrs ihn tbiogbrs.

^gb ]aineip ^biogbr—s Maac wdtg ndldti` rbsaurobs ihn issbssebht piocilb
pravdnbs bvbrytgdhl yau hbbn ta nb`dvbr suoobssfu` `bssahs ihn lbt tgb east aut
af tgb oaursb.

• O`bir dhstruotdahs ah gaw ta bxp`adt biog `bssah

• Dnbis far wirebrs, ﬉``brs, bxtbhsdah ihn gaebwarc iotdvdtdbs
• Ou`turb hatbs ihn sullbstdahs far nbi`dhl wdtg trdocy
`ihluilb padhts
• Ihswbr cbys far i`` priotdob bxbrodsbs
• Inndtdahi` suppart eitbrdi`s ta inn ‗spdob— ta yaur `bssahs
dho`undhl pgataoapdim`b warcsgbbts, liebs ihn iotdvdtdbs
• Iunda ihn vdnba sordpts p`us vdnba warcsgbbts
• Rhdt, iogdbvbebht, edn ihn bhn af oaursb tbsts dh
iooaepihydhl issbssebht piocilb

OAR]_B OAEZAHBH^_
• _tunbhts— Maac wdtg ndldti` rbsaurobs
ihn eamd`b ipp
9: =: ?: >: 2: 6: <: 7: 4:

• _tunbhts— Maac wdtg ah`dhb priotdob, O9/=

ndldti` rbsaurobs ihn eamd`b ipp M=+

M=
• \arcmaac wdtg cby ihn ah`dhb iunda
M9+
• ^biogbr—s Maac wdtg ndldti` rbsaurobs M9 §

ihn issbssebht piocilb I=+

I=
• Zrbsbhtitdah taa`
I9

OBF] 0I9 I9 I= I=+ M9 M9+ M= M=+ O9 O=

Fdhn aut earb it bhl`dsg.oae/raineip @birh earb imaut tgb L`ami` _oi`b af Bhl`dsg it bhl`dsg.oae/lsb

Taur oaursb oaebs wdtg rbsaurobs

ah tgb Zbirsah Bhl`dsg Zarti`.

^a ioobss tgb Zarti`;

• La ta bhl`dsg.oae/iotdvitb
• _dlh dh ar orbitb yaur Zarti` iooauht
• Bhtbr tgb ioobss oanb mb`aw ihn o`doc iotdvitb

IOOB__ OANB

Hbbn gb`p1
La ta bhl`dsg.oae/gb`p far suppart wdtg;
• Orbitdhl yaur iooauht
• Iotdvitdhl yaur ioobss oanb
• Ogbocdhl tboghdoi` rbqudrbebhts

M9

^biogbr—s Maac
wdtg ndldti` rbsaurobs ihn issbssebht piocilb

Citb Fusoab, Cirbh Oiebrah Lriy

OAH^BH^_

Dhtranuotdah
_tunbhts— Maac oahtbhts >‟<
\b`oaeb ta ]aineip 7‟4
Oaursb oaepahbhts 9:‟99
_tunbhts— Maac 9=‟92
_uppart oaepahbhts 96‟94
\arcmaac 96
Eamd`b ipp 96
Ah`dhb priotdob 9<
^biogbr—s Maac 97
^biogbr—s ndldti` rbsaurobs 97
Zrbsbhtitdah taa` 94
Oaursb ebtgana`aly =:‟=?

^biogbr—s hatbs
Rhdts 9‟9: =>‟9>?
]bsaurob mihc
Zgataoapdim`b iotdvdtdbs dhnbx 9>>‟9>2
Zgataoapdim`b iotdvdtdbs 9>6‟=?2
Zgataoapdim`b iotdvdtdbs hatbs ihn ihswbr cby =?6‟=2?

BW^BHNBN ]AR^B
NBVB@AZ TAR] _CD@@_ @B__AH LAI@ FAOR_

9I Nbvb`ap yaur rbindhl uhnbr stihn ih ir tdo`b rbi ndhl far lbh bri `
pilb 76 uhnbrstihndhl
9M Nbvb`ap yaur wrdtdhl wrdtb i kam ipp`doitdah usdhl pirilripgs dh i kam
pilb 7< ipp`doitdah
9O Nbvb`ap yaur `dstbhdhl uhnbrstihn i panoist rboalhdsdhl pasdtdvb ihn
pilb 77 hblitdvbittdtunbs

=I Nbvb`ap yaur rbindhl uhnbrstihn i hbws stary rbindhl far spbod﬉o dhfareitdah
pilb 74
=M Nbvb`ap yaur wrdtdhl wrdtb ih bssiy wrdtdhl pirilripgs
pilb 4:
=O Nbvb`ap yaur `dstbhdhl uhnbrstihn ih dhtbrvdbw uhnbrstihndhl `dhcbrs
pilb 49

?I Nbvb`ap yaur rbindhl uhnbr stihn i nvbrts rboalhd sd hl sded `i r dnbi s

pilb 4=
?M Nbvb`ap yaur `dstbhdhl uhnbrstihn i oahvbrsitdah uhnbrstihn dhl ndsoaursb
pilb 4? eircbrs
?O Nbvb`ap yaur wrdtdhl wrdtb i ludnb p`ihhdhl i pdbob af wrdtdhl
pilb 4>

>I Nbvb`ap yaur `dstbhdhl uhnbrstihn i rinda prbndotdhl dhfareitdah

pilb 42 pralrieeb
>M Nbvb`ap yaur wrdtdhl wrdtb i mdalripgy usdhl `dhcbrs
pilb 46
>O Nbvb`ap yaur rbindhl uhnbrstihn i eilizdhb uhnbrstihndhl pirilripg
pilb 4< irtdo`b struoturb

2I Nbvb`ap yaur wrdtdhl wrdtb i pbrsahi` beid` usdhl dhfarei` warns ihn
pilb 47 bxprbssdahs
2M Nbvb`ap yaur rbindhl uhnbrstihn i fiotui` irtdo`b lubssdhl uhchawh warns
pilb 44
2O Nbvb`ap yaur `dstbhdhl uhnbrstihn ihhauhobebhts `dstbhdhl far spbod﬉o dhfareitdah
pilb 9::

. 2

BW^BHNBN ]AR^B
NBVB@AZ TAR] _CD@@_ @B__AH LAI@ FAOR_

6I Nbvb`ap yaur `dstbhdhl uhnbrstihn i sgart ti`c dnbhtdfydhl tgb stilbs af i ti`c
pilb 9:9
6M Nbvb`ap yaur rbindhl uhnbrstihn i eilizdhb uhnbrstihndhl `dhcbrs
pilb 9:= irtdo`b
6O Nbvb`ap yaur wrdtdhl wrdtb i far ihn ilidhst bssiy arlihdsdhl dnbis
pilb 9:?

<I Nbvb`ap yaur wrdtdhl wrdtb sgart hatdobs bhlildhl i rbinbr

pilb 9:>
<M Nbvb`ap yaur rbindhl uhnbrstihn i eilizdhb uhnbrstihndhl tgb sbqubhob af
pilb 9:2 irtdo`b bvbhts
<O Nbvb`ap yaur `dstbhdhl uhnbrstihn i prbsbhtitdah `dstbhdhl far spbod﬉o dhfareitdah
pilb 9:6

7I Nbvb`ap yaur wrdtdhl wrdtb i s gart beid` inndhl ihn oahtris tdhl dnbis
pilb 9:<
7M Nbvb`ap yaur `dstbhdhl uhnbrstihn i rinda pgahb-dh lubssdhl tgb ebihdhl af
pilb 9:7 pralrieeb uhchawh warns
7O Nbvb`ap yaur rbindhl uhnbrstihn i mraogurb uhnbrstihndhl rbfbrbhob
pilb 9:4

4I Nbvb`ap yaur rbindhl uhnbrstihn i sgart irtdo`b rboalhdsdhl nblrbbs af obrtidhty

pilb 99:
4M Nbvb`ap yaur wrdtdhl wrdtb i stary eicdhl oaepirdsahs
pilb 999
4O Nbvb`ap yaur `dstbhdhl uhnbrstihn i rinda rboalhdsdhl i spbicbr—s apdhdahs
pilb 99= ndsoussdah

9:I Nbvb`ap yaur wrdtdhl wrdtb ih beid` iscdhl far rbqubstdhl dhfareitdah
pilb 99? dhfareitdah
9:M Nbvb`ap yaur rbindhl u hnbrsti hn i h i rtdo`b ei cd hl d hfbrbhobs
pilb 99>
9:O Nbvb`ap yaur `dstbhdhl uhnbrstihn sgart uhnbrstihndhl ebihdhl frae
pilb 992 oahvbrsitdahs oahtbxt

. <

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\B@OAEB ^A ]AINEIZ

]aineip ds i hbw, ﬍bxdm`b bdlgt-`bvb` lbhbri` Bhl`dsg oaursb far inu`ts. ]boalhdsdhl
tgit bvbry o`iss ds nd﬊brbht ihn bvbry `birhbr ds uhdqub, ]aineip pravdnbs i nui`
trioc ippraiog tgit i``aws i`` `birhbrs ta nbvb`ap oah﬉nbhob dh spbicdhl wgd`b ticdhl
i earb tid`arbn ippraiog ta scd``s nbvb`apebht. Dt nabs tgds my pravdndhl seaatg
sy``imus pralrbssdah misbn ah tgb L`ami` _oi`b af Bhl`dsg, my puttdhl o`bir ihn
iogdbvim`b spbicdhl lai`s it tgb gbirt af bvbry `bssah, ihn my pravdndhl dh-nbptg scd``s
nbvb`apebht `bssahs far tbiogbrs ta ogaasb frae it tgb mioc af tgb _tunbhts— Maac.
Eu`tdp`b appartuhdtdbs irb pravdnbn far `birhbrs ta priotdsb autsdnb tgb o`issraae dh
prdht, ah`dhb ihn usdhl tgb eamd`b ipp.

Eip yaur awh rautb tgraulg tgb oaursb

Dt oih mb ogi``bhldhl far dhstdtutdahs ihn tbiogbrs ta nbi` wdtg tgb nd﬊brbht hbbns,
dhtbrbsts ihn imd`dtdbs af biog stunbht, bspbodi``y df tgby givb i wdnb edx af
`birhbrs dh tgb sieb o`iss. ^gb uhdqub nui` trioc ippraiog af ]aineip gb`ps yau
sa`vb tgds pram`be.
! ^gb fist trioc rautb oahobhtritbs ah nbvb`apdhl `birhbrs— spbicdhl scd``s is wb``
is ldvdhl tgbe tgb lrieeir, vaoimu`iry ihn fuhotdahi` `ihluilb tgby hbbn ta
iogdbvb tgbdr lai`s.
! ^gb bxtbhnbn rautb ldvbs `birhbrs vi`uim`b priotdob dh rbindhl, wrdtdhl ihn
`dstbhdhl is wb`` is spbod﬉o tridhdhl ihn stritbldbs far nbvb`apdhl tgbsb scd``s.

Fist trioc rautb; Bxtbhnbn rautb;

9: oarb uhdts fbiturdhl 9: oarb uhdts p`us
lrieeir, vaoimu`iry ihn inndtdahi` scd``s-misbn
prahuhoditdah wdtg biog `bssah `bssahs (rbindhl, wrdtdhl
`bindhl ta i ﬉hi` L_B-rb`itbn ihn `dstbhdhl) `dhcbn ta tgb
spbicdhl iotdvdty. oahtbht af biog `bssah.

^gds uhdqub ippraiog i`sa i``aws yau ta inipt eitbrdi` ta sudt nd﬊brbht oaursb
`bhltgs. \gitbvbr tgb huembr af gaurs dh yaur oaursb ihn wgitbvbr tgb dhtbrbsts af
yaur `birhbrs, tgb ﬍bxdm`b arlihdsitdah af ]aineip eicbs dt bisy far yau ta ogaasb
tgb mbst rautb far yaur stunbhts— suoobss.

Mud`n yaur stunbhts— oah﬉nbhob

@birhbrs hbbn ta chaw wgit tgby irb idedhl far ihn wgy. ^gds ds cby ta mud`ndhl
oah﬉nbhob, dhorbisdhl eatdvitdah ihn gb`pdhl `birhbrs eicb ripdn, tihldm`b
pralrbss.
! L`ami` _oi`b af Bhl`dsg `birhdhl amkbotdvbs pravdnb stunbhts wdtg o`bir lai`s far
bvbry `bssah (tgb lai`s givb mbbh sb`botbn ta mb usbfu` ihn rb`bviht ta stunbhts dh
rbi`-`dfb sdtuitdahs).
! Lrieeir ihn vaoimu`iry gis mbbh spbod﬉oi``y sb`botbn iooarndhl ta gaw usbfu` dt
ds dh tbres af gb`pdhl `birhbrs rbiog spbod﬉o lai`s.
! Oirbfu``y struoturbn tiscs wdtg ‗eanb`s— ihn appartuhdtdbs ta rbvdbw pbrfareihob,
Ogboc ihn rb﬍bot iotdvdtdbs ihn rblu`ir pralrbss tbsts i``aw `birhbrs ta sbb gaw
wb`` tgby irb nadhl ihn gdlg`dlgt tgb irbis tgby hbbn ta depravb.

OAR]_B OAEZAHBH^_

FA] @BI]HB]_
_^RNBH^_— MAAC \D^G NDLD^I@ ]B_AR]OB_ =

=I
7 Oaep`btbtgbstarywdtg tgboarrbotfare af tgbvbrms I
|

\git gippbhbn1 dhmriocbts. \

g

IHN EAMD@B IZZ

i
t
\gd`bD 9 (stuny) it uhdvbrsdty, D = (kadh) tgb g
Nriei_aodbty. D`avbtgb tgbitrbihnD rbi``y ? (wiht) i
p
p
ta iot dhip`iy. Dhey﬉rst ybir, Dah`y ginisei`` pirt mut D b
h
O > (priotdsb) far wbbcs!Gawbvbr, tgbniyaf ey﬉rst b
n
B 1
pbrfareihobwisindsistbr! \gd`bD 2 (widt) ta la ah
Lai`; nbsordmbpist bxpbrdbhobs stilb, D 6 (stirt) ta lbt hbrvaus. \gbhD﬉hi``y
< (la) ahstilb, D 7 (farlbt)eywarns. Oih
Lrieeir; pist sdep`bihn pist oahtdhuaus

^bh uhdts wdtg tgrbb eidh dhput `bssahs `dhcbn ta tgrbb

yaudeildhb1D 4 (stihn) ahstilbdhfraht af imdl
Vaoimu`iry; nbsordmdhlfbb`dhls ihn bvbhts
!" F
iundbhob.Bvbryahb 9: (widt) far ebta spbic, mut D
oau`nh—t siyitgdhl. Dwissa bemirrissbn!

@dstbhdhl 4 Oaep`btbtgbsbhtbhobs wdtg yaurawhdnbis.

Nbvb`ap yaur scd``s `bssahs it tgb mioc af tgb maac.

9 ]bobht`y, Dwiss dttdhl dhtgbpirc/tgblirnbh/ioifä
2i =.9 @dstbhtatgrbbstardbs. Eitog spbicbrs 9 ‟?
wgbh…
wdtg tapdos i ‟o.
= \gd`bDwis wi`cdhl/nrdvdhl gaebtgbatgbr hdlgt, …
i ifuhhydhodnbht
? Eypgahb/^gbnaarmb`` rihlwgd`bDwis …
m ihihhaydhl niy
> Dwis givdhl ioupaf tbi/oa﬊bbwdtgey eue/ifrdbhn

Biog `bssah dho`unbs lrieeir, vaoimu`iry ihn prahuhoditdah

o isurprdsdhl ebbtdhl
wgbh…
!" m @dstbhilidh. Irbtgbsbhtbhobs trub(^) arfi`sb(F)1 2 Eyoir/Eyfrdbhn—s oir mracbnawhwgd`b…
Oarrbottgbfi`sbsbhtbhobs. 6 Eyfrdbhns/ndhhbr lubstsirrdvbnit eygausbwgd`b D
9 _pbicbr 9wisvdsdtdhl gdsa`nuhdvbrsdty. wisstd`` …

ihn `bins ta i ﬉hi` spbicdhl tisc misbn ah L`ami` _oi`b af

= Gbwisladhl dhtaioifäwgbh gbebt gdsa`nfrdbhn.
I N Lata pilb997ar yaur ipp far earbdhfareitdah ihn priotdob.
? \gd`b_pbicbr = wiswi`cdhl ta tgbstitdah, sgb
rbebembrbnsgbndnh—t givbgbr pgahb.
> \gbhsgblat ta tgbstitdah, gbr tridhwiskust irrdvdhl. _pbicdhl

Bhl`dsg `birhdhl amkbotdvbs.

2 _pbicbr?wis`bivdhltgba﬏obwgbh sgbgbirnihadsb.
? Ogaasbtgboarrboti`tbrhitdvbs. Z]BZI]B
6 \gd`bsgbwis widtdhl fartgbsbourdtyluirn, sgbsiw
9 Dlbt vbry ihhaybn/ihhaydhl wgbhpbap`birb`itb far ioit. 9: Tau—rbladhl tatb`` i staryimauti tdebwgbhyau
ebbtdhls.
fb`tfrdlgtbhbn,ihhaybn,bemirrissbn,surprdsbn,
= @ist ybir Dspbht tgrbbeahtgstrivb``dhl rauhn_autg Lrieeir p`bisbn arndsippadhtbn. ^gdhc imauttgbsb

Cby `ihluilb prbsbhtbn ihn orass-rbfbrbhobn ta i

Iebrdoi. \git ih ieizbn/ieizdhl bxpbrdbhob!
6 ]bin tgblrieeirmaxihn ogaasbtgboarrbot qubstdahs ihn eicbhatbs.
!" ? Eypirbhtslbt vbry warrdbn/warrydhl wgbhDnah—t
oaebgaebaht deb.
i`tbrhitdvbs. • \gbh/\gbrbndndt gippbh1
• \git wbrbyaunadhl it tgbtdeb1
M
> ^gb﬉rst tdebD ebt eymayfrdbhn—spirbhts, D Zist sdep`bihnpist • \gitgippbhbn1
nrappbneytbiah tgb﬍aar!Dt wissa bemirrissbn/ oahtdhuaus • Gaw ndnyaufbb`1

Lrieeir mihc it tgb mioc af tgb maac. Vaoimu`iry

9 @aac ittgbpgatas ihn ndsouss tgbqubstdahs.
bemirrissdhl!
2 Dnah—t `dcbwitogdhl garrar ﬉`esaheyawh. ^gby—rb
taa frdlgtbhbn/frdlgtbhdhl.
Rsbtgb 4pistsdep`b/pistoahtdhuaus ta ti`c imaut
oaep`btbn iotdahs ihn bvbhts dh tgbpist.
@istybirD gin ihdhtbrvdbwfarihbwkam.
• \gywisdt ihhaydhl/bemirrissdhl bto.1

_ZBIC
9 \git na yautgdhc dsgippbhdhl dhbiogpgata1 6 Eysdstbr wissa ndsippadhtbn/ndsippadhtdhlwgbhsgb Rsbtgb 5pistsdep`b/pistoahtdhuaus
99 i \arc dhpidrs. ^b`` yaurpirthbryaurstary. @dstbhta

I Vaoimu`iry mihc bxtbhns saeb af tgb cby `bxdoi` sbts dh

= Gaw na yautgdhc tgbpbap`birbfbb`dhl1 \gdogaf tgb ndnh—t pissgbr nrdvdhl tbst. ta ti`c imaut ih iotdah ar sdtuitdah dh pralrbss
yaurpirthbr—s staryihn rbspahn. RsbtgbRsbfu`
!" inkbotdvbsdhtgb maxwau`nyauusb ta nbsordmbtgbe1 < Eymratgbr dstrivb``dhl imrainihnwbgivbh—t gbirn
fraegdefar wbbcs. Dt—svbry warrdbn/warrydhl.
irauhnitdebdhtgbpist.
Ahbiftbrhaah,D wiswi`cdhli`ahltgbstrbbt… pgrisbs tagb`pyau.
ieizbn ihhaybn ndsippadhtbn bemirrissbn
frdlgtbhbn rb`ixbn surprdsbn tdrbn warrdbn 7 Iftbr ifbw niysahga`dniy, Dfbb` sa rb`ixbn/rb`ixdhl. tanbsordmbtgbmioclrauhntai stary.
Rsbfu` pgrisbs
4 Dgitblbttdhl up bir`ybvbryniy. Dt—svbry tdrbn/tdrdhl. D wiswarcdhl`itbittgba﬏obahbhdlgt…

biog uhdt ihn faousbs ah departiht irbis suog is warn-mud`ndhl = i ]bin tgboaeebhts mb`awihn eitog tgbe wdtg \gitgippbhbn1
Rsbtgb pist oahtdhuaus ihnpist sdep`bwdtg wgbh
tgrbbaf tgbpgatas. > \arc dhpidrs. Ihswbrtgbqubstdahs usdhl inkbotdvbs ihn wgd`b ta ti`c imaut dhtbrruptbn iotdahs. Rsb Gawieizdhl!
dhBxbrodsbs 9 ihn =. wgd`b ar wgd`b/wgbh +pist oahtdhuaus ihn wgbh + ]bi``y!
9 ‗^gbatgbr niyDebt iha`nfrdbhnfar tgb﬉rst tdeb
dhybirs. Dt wissuogi surprdsdhl ebbtdhl!\bwbrb 9 Gaw nayaufbb` wgbhyauedssi musar tridh1 pist sdep`b. Gaw ndnyaufbb`1
ieizbn ihnbxodtbnta sbbbiogatgbr ilidh.— = \git na yautgdhc imaut pbap`bwga ti`c vbry`aun`y \gd`bD wis wi`cdhltgraulgtgba`ntawh,D Dwissurprdsbn/bxodtbn.

ihn oa``aoitdah. = 'Tbstbrniywisirbi``y ihhaydhlniy. Dmarrawbn

eywdfb'soir ihnlat i pircdhl tdocbt._gbwisvbry
ihhaybnwdtgeb.—
ahtgbtridh1
? Gaw na yaufbb` wgbhyau—rbahga`dniy1
> Gaw waùnyaunbsordmbi rbobht ﬉`eyausiw1
sunnbh`y rbi`dsbnDwis `itb.
_gb wis kust `bivdhlwgbh sgb gbirnihadsb. m \gitinkbotdvbs wau`n yau usbtanbsordmbyaur
pirthbr—sstary1
? 'D`avboaacdhl.D ﬉hndtvbry rb`ixdhliftbri`ahlihn 2 Gaw na yaufbb` wgbhyaula ta ih dhtbrvdbw1 <i =.= @dstbhihn hatdobtgbprahuhoditdahaf wis.

Ih Bhl`dsg dh iotdah `bssah dh biog uhdt oavbrs cby fuhotdahi`

strbssfu`niyit warc.Dnah—t`d cbsgappdhlfarfaan 6 Gaw wau`nyaunbsordmbtgbpram`beaf bxtrbeb Ds dtstrahl arwbic1

!" tgaulg.Dt—ssa tdrdhl.— wbitgbr1 9 \gd`bgbwis vdsdtdhl gdsgaebtawh, gbebt iha`n

frdbhn.
Nbvb`ap
m @aac ittgbwarns dhma`n dhBxbrodsb=i. \gbhnawb < Gaw na yaufbb` wgbhyaurbobdvbi tbrrdm`bldft1 yaur
= \gd`bgbwis wi`cdhl ta tgbstitdah, dt stirtbnta ridh.
usbinkbotdvbs bhndhl dh‟bn ar‟ dhl,b.l. tdrbn/tdrdhl, 7 \gywau`nh—t yauisc saebahbgaw a`ntgbyirb1 rbindhl
ieizbn /ieizdhl 1 ? \gd`bsgbwis widtdhl, sgbsiw ioit.

`ihluilb. 9>
La ta yaur ippfar earbpriotdob.
m @dstbhilidhihn rbpbit.
pilb74

92

!" Ogboc ihn rb﬍bot pilbs it tgb bhn af biog uhdt sgaw E: ]a ne p _ M M Z 7: .dhnn > >/ / : 7 ;:: E: ]a ne p _ M M Z 7 : .dhn n 2 >/ / : 7 ;: :

`birhbrs gaw tgbdr oah﬉nbhob ihn eistbry af spacbh `ihluilb

gis depravbn.
!" @dlgt-gbirtbn vdnba o`dps ihn warcsgbbts (ivid`im`b ah`dhb)
bxtbhn ihn oahsa`dnitb cby `ihluilb oavbrbn dh tgb uhdt.
!" Bxtri lrieeir ihn vaoimu`iry bxbrodsbs, ivid`im`b ah
tgb eamd`b ipp (tgb Zbirsah Zriotdob Bhl`dsg ipp), oahsa`dnitb
`ihluilb padhts oavbrbn dh tgb _tunbhts— Maac.
!" Nbvb`ap yaur scd``s `bssahs it tgb mioc af tgb maac bxpasb
`birhbrs ta nd﬊brbht lbhrbs ihn ldvb tgbe stritbldbs far
nbvb`apdhl scd``s.
!" Oaeeuhdoitdah liebs it tgb mioc af tgb maac bhim`b `birhbrs
ta priotdsb cby `ihluilb dh i fuh, oaeeuhdoitdvb wiy.
!" Iunda/vdnba sordpts ihn warn `dsts ivid`im`b ah`dhb.

_^RNBH^_— MAAC \D^G AH@DHB Z]IO^DOB,

NDLD^I@ ]B_AR]OB_ IHN EAMD@B IZZ
!" Zravdnbs ah`dhb priotdob far stunbhts, o`iss eihilbebht far
tbiogbrs ihn i lrinbmaac ta rbvdbw pbrfareihob.
!" Dho`unbs i`` tgb _tunbhts— Maac eitbrdi` p`us i ndldti` vbrsdah
af tgb bxbrodsbs ihn iotdvdtdbs frae tgb \arcmaac ihn ^bsts.
!" Dho`unbs taa`s far eihildhl ihn issdlhdhl sb`f-stuny ihn
priotdob iotdvdtdbs ta stunbhts, wdtg iutaeitdo eircdhl ta
sivb tdeb.
!" Dho`unbs i lrinbmaac far rbvdbwdhl pbrfareihob af dhndvdnui`
stunbhts ihn o`issbs.

\A]CMAAC \D^G CBT IHN AH@DHB IRNDA

!" ^bh uhdts pravdnb inndtdahi` priotdob af eitbrdi` oavbrbn dh tgb
_tunbhts— Maac.
!" Inndtdahi` lrieeir, vaoimu`iry ihn fuhotdahi` `ihluilb
priotdob iotdvdtdbs.
!" Inndtdahi` rbindhl, wrdtdhl ihn `dstbhdhl priotdob iotdvdtdbs.
!" Ihswbr cby it tgb mioc af tgb maac i``aws `birhbrs ta ogboc
tgbdr ihswbrs.
!" Iunda ivid`im`b ah`dhb.

9:

FA] ^BIOGB]_
^BIOGB]—_ MAAC =I \gitgippbhbn1
Vaoimu`iryogbocpa dht
_saftbhsdep`dfy ihnsullbsttgit- bn inkbotdvbsnbsordmbi
_pbicbr?;
Dwiswarcdhl`itbittgb a﬏obahbhdlgtisD hbbnbnta﬉hdsgi rbpart
R
h
d
t
=

=
fareymass.Dwiskust sguttdhlnawheyoaeputbrwgbhD gbirnihadsb.
pbrsahihn- dhl inkbotdvbsnbsordmbsitgdhl; ^gbnb`iyds Dwisi`ahbdh tgba﬏obmytgittdebsa Dfb`tritgbrwarrdbn.Dnbodnbn
AVB]VDB\ Dhtranuotdah
ihhaydhl, Dieihhaybn .\gd`btgdsdsaftb htrub,dtdshat
i`wiystrub.Zbap`boih mbihhaybnihn ihhaydhl.^gbyoih
taoi``tgbsbourdtyluirn.\gd`bD wiswidtdhlfargdetaoaeb,D siw
saebtgdhleavbhbirtgbwi``.Myhaw Dwisrbi``yfrdlgtbhbn!^gbhD
siwdt ‟ dtwiskusti oit!Eiymbdtlatdh tgraulgtgbapbhwdhnaw.Dt wis

^gb ^biogbr—s Maac fbiturbs i gast af suppart eitbrdi`s ta gb`p ^gblai`af tgds`bssahds farstunbhtstanbsordmbtgbdr pist i`samb ieizdhlihn ieizbn ,ihnsa ah.Ahbsdep`bbxiep`b safuhhy,D`iulgbnaut `aun!
bxpbrdbhobs.^agb`ptgbeiogdbvbtgds, tgbywd``rbvdsbtgb pist tagb`ptgberbebembrtgds dstatgdhc afigarrar﬉`e
sdep`bihnpist oahtdhuausdhtgboahtbxtaf tb``dhlstardbs. ogiriotbrsuogis Nriou`i.Gbds frdlgtbhdhlihnwbirb

=I \gitgippbhbn1
frdlgtbhbn. Lrieeir
Lai` | nbsordmbpistbxpbrdbhobs \ire-up Zistoahtdhuausihnpistsdepb̀

tbiogbrs lbt tgb east aut af tgb oaursb. Lrieeir | pistoahtdhuausihn pistsdep`b
? Bxp`idhtgit_s eustogaasbtgboarrbot fare.Oaep`btbtgb﬉rst
Nbsordmbisdtuitdah ta_stgit oihd``ustritbi fbwaftgbtirlbt dtbetalbtgbr,tgbhisc_s taoahtdhubi`ahb.Isc _staoaepirbdh
Vaoimu`iry | nbsordmdhlfbb`dhlsihnbvbhts Aptdahi`bxtriiotdvdty
inkbotdvbs.Farbxiep`b, _ubginihdhtbrvdbwfar ikam.Dt wis pidrsmbfarbb`dodtdhlihswbrs.Nrd`` ilidhdfhbobssiry.
L_B`birhdhlamkbotdvb
gbr﬉rstdhtbrvdbw.Gawndnsgbfbb`1 (warrdbn).\gbhsgbirrdvbn _swd``givbs tundbntgbpistsdep`b ihnoahtdhuausmbfarb.Isc
Oihti`cimaut pistbvbhtsar bxpbrdbhobsusdhl
ittgbdhtbrvdbw,iha`n frdbhnwisahbaftgb dhtbrvdbwbrs. Ihswbrs; 9 ihhaybn = ieizdhl ? w a r d bn tgbeta﬉hnihn uhnbr`dhbbxiep`bsaftgbtwa vbrmfaresdh
sdep`b`ihluilb

!" ^biogbr—s hatbs far bvbry uhdt wdtg wirebrs, ﬉``brs, i`tbrhitdvb
Gawndn_ubfbb`1 (surprdsbn)._gbndnh—tlbttgb kam.Gawndnsgb > bemirrissdhl 2 frdlgtbhdhl 6 ndsippadhtbn < warrydhl Bx2m,tgbhb`dodt tgbfare( wis/wbrb +- dhl farpistoahtdhuaus
=M Ebeardbs fbb`1 (ndsippadhtbn).\rdtbtgbsbinkbotdvbsdhi `dstahtgb mairn. 7 rb`ixbn 4 tdrdhl ihn- bn farrblu`irpistsdep`b).Isc _standsouss tgbnd﬊brbhob
Lai` | ti`cimautebeardbs B`dodtearbinkbotdvbstgit bhnwdtg- bn.^b``_stgdsdstgbfaou saf mbtwbbhtgbtwatbhsbs,usdhl tgbbxiep`bs.B`dodtdnbis. Dteiy
Lrieeir | usbnta taniy—s`bssah. mbgb`pfu`tanriwi tdeb`dhbahtgbmairnta sgawtgbdhtbriotdah
> Bxp`idhtgit_s eustisctgb qubstdahsihnrbspahnwdtg- dhl ar
Vaoimu`iry | ebeardbs
-bn inkbotdvbs.B`dodtrbspahsbsfartgb ﬉rstqubstdah,bstim`dsgdhl aftgbtwatbhsbs.
L_B`birhdhlamkbotdvb

sullbstdahs, invdob ah nbi`dhl wdtg trdocy `ihluilb dtbes, Vaoimu`iry tgitsbvbri`ihswbrsirb passdm`b.^gbhiscstunbhtsta oahtdhub
Oihiscihn ihswbrqubstdahsimaut pisttdebsihn
pistiotdvdtdbs dhpidrs. \bicbro`issbseiyhbbntaprbpirb﬉rst, mywrdtdhl 6 Isc_sta rbintgbLrieeirmax ihnuhnbr`dhbtgboarrbot
Nbsordmdhlfbb`dhlsihnbvbhts tgbdrogadobafinkbotdvbs mbsdnbbiogihswbr. i`tbrhitdvbs.\dtgwbicbro`issbs ,﬉rst ogboctgbebihdhlaf
=O Out̀urbsgaoc 9 Isc_sta `aacittgb﬉rst pgataihnsiywgit dsgippbhdhl.Isc dhtbrruptihn dhpralrbss.(Tauirbtbiogdhltgb o`isshaw ‟ tgb
Lai` | nbsordmbihbw bxpbrdbhob _stasullbst ahbinkbotdvbdhtgb maxfartgbpgataihn ndsouss Furtgbrpriot dob o`issdsdhpralrbss.Mutdf ihatgbrtbiogbroaebsta iscyaui

ou`turb hatbs bto.

Lrieeir | sa/suog… tgit3 taa … ta3 hat … bhaulgta wgytgbyogasbdt.Zut_sdhpidrs ihnldvbtgbeifbwedhutbsta qubstdah,tgby dhtbrrupttgbo`iss.)Isc_standsoussdhpidrs,tgbh
Zgataoapdim`biotdvdtdbs;=IVaoimu`iry,p92<
Vaoimu`iry | fbb`dhlsihnrbiotdahs ti`cimauttgb atgbrpgatas,usdhltgbwarnsdh tgbmax.Zadhtaut ogbocwdtgtgbwga`b o`iss.Isc_s dftgb`ahlbrio tdahoahtdhubs
L_B`birhdhlamkbotdvb tgbyeiyhat mbim`btausb i``tgbwarns.Eahdtarihn gb`pwdtg iftbrwbdhtbrruptdt (eiymb).
Oihldvbnbtid`bn iooauhtsafbxpbrdbhobs,nbsordmdhlfbb`dhls
ihnrbiotdahs
hbwvaoimu`iry.\gbhtgby﬉hdsg, b`dodtdnbis. @dstbhdhl
Ihswbrs; 9 pistsdep`b = pistoahtdhuaus
Aptdahi`bxtriiotdvdty 2i

!" ^biogdhl tdps ah usbfu` irbis suog is nbi`dhl wdtg edxbn

=N Bhld̀sgdhiotdah =.9 Isc_sta `aacittgbaptdahs ihneicbsurbtgby
Lai` | sgawdhtbrbstdh oahvbrsitdah uhnbrstihntgbvaoimu`iry( dhodnbht5saebtgdhltgitgippbhs).
\dtg wbicbro`issbs ,yaueiy wihttaprb-tbiog ihhaybn, L]IEEI]MIHC=I pp.997 ‟994
L_B`birhdhlamkbotdvb bemirrissbn , ieizbn ihnndsippadhtbn(sbb\ire-up).Ndsp`iy Z`iytgbiundaihntb``_sta`dstb hihnwrdtb 9,=ar?mbsdnbbiog
aptdah.Ziusbiftbrbiog stary. _trahlbro`issbs oau`nrbintgbhatbsit gaeb.Atgbrwdsb,
Oihsgawdhtbrbstdh oahvbrsitdahusdhl﬉xbnbxprbssdahs pdoturbstgitnbeahstritbihyfbb`dhls dhtgbmaxtgit irbhat
ogboctgbhatbswdtg _s.Dhbiog bxbrodsb,b`dodttgb﬉rst
]aineipvdnba sgawhdhtgb pdoturbsihnogboctgit _soihdnbhtdfy tgbe.

imd`dtdbs, tbiogdhl lrieeir, vaoimu`iry ihn prahuhoditdah.

Ihswbrs; i ? m = o 9 ihswbrisih bxiep`b._swarci`ahbta oaep`btbtgb
Laah`dhbfar tgb]aineipvdnba. bxbrodsbs,tgbhogboctgbdrihswbrs dhpidrs.Dh fbbnmioc,
=i Isc_sta rbintgboaeebhtsihn tgbhndsoussdh pidrswgdog ogbocihswbrswdtgtgb wga`bo`iss._s oihrbfbrtatgb hatbs
Ogbocihnrb﬍bot m Faousittbhtdahahtgbstitbebhts. I``aw_stdeb tarbin
pgatastgbyeitog.Fa``awwdtg iwga`b-o`issndsoussdah. tagb`ptgbe.
Oaeeuhdoitdvbiotdvdtdbstarbvdbwtgblrieeirihn tgraulgtgbembfarbp`iydhltgbiundailidh. _seircbiog
vaoimu`irydhbiog`bssah. stitbebht^ar F.Isctgbeta oaepirbihswbrsdhpidrs mbfarb
Ihswbrs; 9 O = I ? N Ihswbrs;

!" Lrieeir ihn vaoimu`iry pgataoapdim`b warcsgbbts far

`bindhlfbbnmioc.B`dodtoarrbotdahsfartgb fi`sbsbhtbhobs.
9 9 siw,wiswidtdhl = wiswi`cdhl,stirtbn
VAOIMR@I]TMIHC m Isc_sta rbinoaeebht=ilidh, tgbhndsoussdh pidrstgb ? ebt,wbrbnadhl > ndnh—tihswbr,wisnrdvdhl
Ihswbrs;
nd﬊brbhobmbtwbbhihhaydhlihn ihhaybn.O`irdfytgit isdtuitdah 2 wisridhdhl,ndnh—tla 6 wbrbyauqubudhl,lat
=M ^gbsbhsbs 9 F(Gbwisvdsdtdhl gdsgaebtawh) = ^ ? ^
ariotdvdtyds ihhaydhlihnwbfbb` ihhaybn mboiusbaftgit. = 9 wisob`bmritdhl = rb`bisbn ? rbobdvbn > fauhn
> F(Gbrtridhwis`bivdhl)
=O Inkbotdv bs Nrd``i``tgb tirlbtinkbotdvbsogari``y. 2 wisp`iydhl 6 wbrbgivdhl < tgrbw 7 s`dppbn

bvbry uhdt, dho`undhl iooaepihydhl tbiogbr—s hatbs ihn

2 F(_gbwissguttdhl nawhgbroaeputbr) 6 ^
4 gurt 9: rbobdvbn 99 ndnh—to`bihup/ginh—to`bihbnup
NBVB@AZTAR]_CD@@_ Ihswbrs; -dhl inkbotdvbsnbsordmbisdtuitdah3 -bn inkbotdvbs 9= wbrbtrydhl
nbsordmbgawwbrbspahntatgit sdtuitdahihngawwb fbb`. Iundasordpt=.9
=I Nbvb`apyaurrbindhl _pbicbr9; Aptdahi`bxtriiotdvdty
Lai` | uhnbrstihnihbws irtdo`b Eymbstfrdbhnitsogaa` wisoi``bnIhny.\gbhwb﬉hdsgbn sogaa`,wb

ihswbr cbys.
Faous | rbindhlfarspbod﬉odhfareitdah Zrahuhoditdahogbocpadht wbhttand﬊brbhtuhdvbrsdtdbstastuny.Iftbruhdvbrsdty,wbmatgwbht Iscstunbhtstatgdhc imautwgbrbtgbywbrbihn wgittgbywbrb
L_B`birhdhlamkbotdvb @dcbrblu`irpistsdep`b bhndhls,-bn bhndhlsafinkbotdvbs imraintawarcihnwb ndnh—tcbbpdhtauog.^gbh `istwbbcDwisvdsdtdhl nadhlnurdhlihdepartihtbvbhtar hbwsstary.Dtoau`n mbhitdahi`
Oihsoihsgart tbxtsta`aoitbspbod﬉o dhfareitdah irbprahauhobnbdtgbr /t/, /n/ ar /ɫn/.^gbbhndhlds hat eygaebtawhfari fbwniys.Ahbiftbrhaah,Dwiswi`cdhli`ahl tgb arpbrsahi`,farbxiep`b; \gbrbwbrbyauihnwgitwbrb yau
prahauhobn/bn/.^gbbhndhlsauhnnbpbhnsah tgb Gdlg_trbbtihntgdhcdhlimautIhny.D wiswahnbrdhlwgbrbgbwis nadhlwgbhtgbhbwprbsdnbhtwisb`botbn /yaurbobdvbnyaur
=M Nbvb`apyaurwrdtdhl ihnwgitgbwis nadhl.Dnbodnbntastap farioa﬊bbdhahb aftgboifäs
prbobndhloahsahihtsauhnmutyaunah—thbbn talbttaa bxierbsu`ts1Dwisitwarc /o`bihdhleygausb._sisc biogatgbr.
Lai` | wrdtbihbssiy ahtgbGdlg _trbbt.KustisDwisladhl dhtatgboifäahtgb Gdlg_trbbt,i

!" O`iss iunda sordpts ihn ihswbr cbys.

Faous | wrdtdhlpirilripgs tboghdoi`._soih `birhtgbsdep`bru`b tgitwarnsbhndhl eihoiebaut.Dtwis Ihny!\bwbrbmatgieizbn!
wdtgtgbsauhn /t/ ar /n/ wd``givbtgb /ɫn/ bhndhl _pbicbr=; <i =.= Isc_sta rbintgbtgrbbsbhtbhobsihn`dstbh tatgb
L_B`birhdhlamkbotdvb
Oihwrdtbsgart, sdep`bbssiyswdtgmisdo struoturbah (b.l. ndsippadhtbn /tɫn/).Atgbrswd`` bhnwdtgbdtgbri /n/ ar Nayaubvbrgivb niyswgbhbvbrytgdhllabswrahl1@istybirDgin prahuhoditdahafwis.Natgby tgdhcdtds strahlarwbic1(wbic)
fied`dirtapdos /t/ sauhn(b.l. surprdsbn/n/, rb`ixbn/t/). ihdhtbrvdbwfarihbw kam.Dndnh—twiht tamb`itb,sa Dlatupvbry bir`y. Dfyautgdhc dtdsusbfu`, bxp`idhtgbdhfareitdahdhtgb
\gd`bDwiswi`cdhlta tgbtridhstitdah,Dsunnbh`yrbebembrbnDndnh—t Zrahuhoditdahogbocpadhtmb`aw,usdhltgbbxiep`bsldvbh.
=O Nbvb`apyaur`dstbhdhl givbeypgahb.Dgin talamiocgaeb ihnlbtdt.\gbh Dlattatgb

!" Zgataoapdim`b warcsgbbts far biog _tunbhts— Maac uhdt

Aptdahi`bxtriiotdvdty
Lai` | uhnbrstihnihdhtbrvdbw stitdah,eytridhwiskust`bivdhl ‟ Dwissaihhaybn!D gintawidtfar
Faous | uhnbrstihndhl`dhcbrs Rsbtgb`dstaf-bn inkbotdvbsdhBx9 taoahnuotfurtgbr tgbhbxttridh.Fdhi``y,Dlat tatgba﬏obwgbrbD wisladhltagivbtgb
prahuhoditdahpriotdobdhpidrs. dhtbrvdbw.Dwisruhhdhlup tgbstbpstatgb eidhnaarwgbhD fb``avbr
L_B`birhdhlamkbotdvb
_tunbhtIsiys Dwis…bnihn_tunbhtMrbspahnsmysiydhl ihnnrappbneymil ‟ eytgdhlswbhtbvbrywgbrb.Dtwisahb aftgb
Oih`dstbhta isgarthirritdvbihn prbndotwgitwd``
eaststrbssfu`niysafey`dfb.Ag,ihn Dndnh—tlbttgb kam.
gippbhhbxt Tbs,dtwis…dhl .

iooaepihdbn my tbiogdhl hatbs ihn ihswbr cby. ?6 ?<

E: Q ]a ne p Q MQM Q 7 >?.dhnn ? > : /: / : : ;?:

^BIOGB]—_ NDLD^I@ ]B_AR]OB_ =I Lrieeir = Zistsdep`bihn pistoahtdhuaus =I Vaoimu`iry Nbsordmdhlfbb`dh lsihn bvbhts

"
Inndtdahi` rbsaurobs oih mb ioobssbn ah tgb Zbirsah Bhl`dsg 9 =

# 9
# =
# ?
# >

Zarti` usdhl tgb ioobss oanb dh tgb ^biogbr—s Maac. _^I]^ ieizbn frdlgtbhbn tdrdhl

!" O`iss iunda.

# # # #
? >
7 < 6 2

!" Vdnba ihn vdnba warcsgbbts.

ihhaybn surprdsbn bemirrissdhl ihhaydhl

!" Iunda ihn vdnba sordpts.

!" \arn `dsts.

\gbh/\gittdebwisdt1

\gbrbwbrbyau1
# 4
# 9:
# 99
#9=

warrydhl ieizdhl ndsippadhtdhl rb`ixbn

\gitwbrbyaunadhl1

!" _tunbhts— Maac ihswbr cby. \gitwisgippbhdhlirauhnyau1

!" Issbssebht piocilb wdtg i rihlb af tbsts dho`undhl uhdt tbsts

\ga/\gitndnyausbb1

Gawwbrbyaufbb`dhl1
# 96
# 92
# 9>
#9?

(lrieeir, vaoimu`iry ihn fuhotdahi` `ihluilb), iogdbvbebht \gitsurprdsdhltgdhlgippbhbnsunnbhỳ1 rb`ixdhl warrdbn frdlgtbhdhl tdrbn

\gitndnyauna1

ihn edn ihn bhn af oaursb tbsts (lrieeir, vaoimu`iry, \gitndnyautgdhc/siy1

# 9<
# 97
# 94
#=:

fuhotdahi` `ihluilb ihn scd``s), wdtg iooaepihydhl iunda.

Gawwbrbyaufbb`dhl1

\gitgippbhbnhbxt1
surprdsdhl ndsippadhtbn bemirrissbn FDHD_G
!" \arcmaac iunda. Gawndntgbstarybhn1

926 ZGA^AOAZDIM@B ©ZbirsahBnuoitdah@dedtbn=:94 ZGA^AOAZDIM@B ©ZbirsahBnuoitdah@dedtbn=:94 92<

: Q ] a n e p Q M QM Q 7 > ?. hd nn :/:/: :>

; 7

VDNBA
!"" ^bh vdnbas ‟ ahb far biog uhdt ‟ nbsdlhbn ta oahsa`dnitb cby
`ihluilb ihn d``ustritb saeb af tgb qudrcdbr ispbots af rbi` `dfb.
!"" Biog vdnba fbiturbs i ravdhl rbpartbr wga labs aut ah `aoitdah

ta vdsdt dhtbrbstdhl p`iobs, ebbt dhtbrbstdhl pbap`b ihn/ar try

hbw bxpbrdbhobs.
!"" Vdnba o`dps irb =‟? edhutbs dh `bhltg ihn irb nbsdlhbn ta

bhtbrtidh `birhbrs ihn pravdnb i mdt af `dlgt rb`dbf.

!"" Vdnba warcsgbbts (ta bxp`adt tgb `ihluilb dh tgb vdnbas) irb

ivid`im`b ah`dhb.

Z]B_BH^I^DAH ^AA@
!" Dhtbriotdvb vbrsdah af tgb _tunbhts— Maac wdtg dhtblritbn
iunda ihn vdnba ds ivid`im`b ah tgb Zbirsah Bhl`dsg Zarti`.
!" Z`ihhdhl eanb (dho`unbs tbiogbr—s hatbs) ihn tbiogdhl eanb.

!" Bisy hivdlitdah vdi maac pilb ihn `bssah ﬍aw.

!" Ihswbrs ta bxbrodsbs it tgb tauog af i muttah.

"!" Dhtblritbn iunda.

!" Dhtblritbn vdnba, wdtg tdebn-oanbn vdnba sordpts.

!" I gast af usbfu` o`issraae taa`s.

99

O =

=M
]bindhl < i Oaep`btb tgb sbhtbhobs wdtg usbn ta ar ndnh—t usb ta. M
|
E

Ebeardbs > i ]bin tgb past ihn oaeebhts mb`aw dt. \gdog af tgb
sbhsbs na tgb oaeebhts ebhtdah1
\gbh D wis i ogd`n, …
9 D
= D
rdnb ey mdcb ta sogaa`.
﬉lgt wdtg ey mratgbr i `at.
b
e
a
rd
b
s
_dlgt, sauhn, tistb, seb``, fbb` ‟ aur sbhsbs aftbh rbedhn ? D p`iy va``bymi`` wdtg ey frdbhns iftbr sogaa`.
us af departiht bvbhts frae aur ogd`ngaan ihn fied`y \gbh D wis i tbbhilbr, …
`dfb. \git irb yaur gippdbst ebeardbs1 \git gb`ps yau
> D la ah ga`dniy wdtg ey frdbhns.
Lai`; ti`c imaut ebeardbs rbebembr tgbe1
2 D stuny girn.
Lrieeir; usbn ta Oaeebhts 6 D p`iy dh tgb sogaa` arogbstri.
^gb seb`` af ogdps i`wiys rbedhns eb af swdeedhl `bssahs m \arc dh pidrs ihn isc yaur pirthbr tgb qubstdahs.
Vaoimu`iry; ebeardbs wgbh D wis it sogaa`. \b usbn ta piss i ogdp sgap wgbh wb
wbrb wi`cdhl ta tgb paa` bvbry Frdniy ihn df wb gin eahby, Ndn yau usb ta rdnb yaur mdcb ta sogaa`1
wb'n lbt saeb. \gbhbvbr D bit ogdps, D rbebembr tgasb Ha, D ndnh—t. D usbn ta ticb tgb mus.
Frdniy swdeedhl `bssahs. Bn
o Isc ihn ihswbr earb qubstdahs imaut yaur ogd`ngaan.
^gb sauhn af ridh ah tgb wdhnaws i`wiys eicbs eb tgdhc af Rsb tgb praepts ihn yaur awh dnbis.
ey ogd`ngaan. D lrbw up dh Ei`iysdi ihn dt ridhbn i `at frae • p`iy vdnba liebs
Aotambr ta Eirog. Ey sdstbr ihn D usbn ta `avb ladhl aut ihn • la ta yaur lrihnpirbhts— gaeb ah _uhniys
ruhhdhl irauhn dh tgb ridh. Ey eatgbr ndnh—t usb ta edhn!
• mb ifridn af tgb nirc
^ahy
I • na i `at af spart
\gbh D gbir tgb a`n sahl Magbedih ]gipsany , D givb Lata pilb997ar yaur ipp far earbdhfareitdah ihn priotdob.
N gippy ebeardbs af `ahl oir kaurhbys ah aur ga`dniys. Bvbry
sueebr ey fitgbr usbn ta nrdvb us ta tgb sbisdnb. Nurdhl tgb
kaurhby wb usbn ta p`iy i`` cdhns af eusdo, mut tgds sahl wis
aur fivaurdtb. Dt i`wiys rbedhns eb af tgit tdeb. ^bss
_pbicdhl
^gb seb`` ihn tistb af raist ogdocbh i`wiys eicbs eb Z]BZI]B
tgdhc af ey lrihneatgbr. \b usbn ta la ta gbr gausb bvbry
_uhniy. _gb usbn ta oaac `uhog far tgb wga`b fied`y. D—`` 7i =.> Tau—rb ladhl ta ti`c imaut yaur ogd`ngaan
hbvbr farlbt gbr raist ogdocbh. Dt tistbn sa laan. _iri ebeardbs. Fdrst, `dstbh ta twa frdbhns ti`cdhl imaut
tgbdr ebeardbs. \gdog sbhsbs na tgby ebhtdah1

Vaoimu`iry
9 i @aac it tgb tgdhls dh max I ihn eitog tgbe wdtg tgb
sbhsbs dh max M. ^gbrb eiy mb earb tgih ahb ihswbr.
I m ih inkbotdvb1
i mimy's scdh i oup afoa﬊bb frbsg`y micbn mrbin
i suhrdsb i tridh irrdvdhl it istitdah
M = @aacdhl it tgb sbi i`wiys eicbs eb fbb` oi`e/
fbb` sdlgt seb`` sauhn
m \gbh yau tgdhc imaut tgb pist, wgdog af tgb sbhsbs
irb tgb east departiht ta yau1
= ]bin tgb oaeebhts. Eitog tgbe wdtg pgatas I ‟B.
9 ^gb sauhn af sbi mdrns i`wiys rbedhns eb af sueebr
ihn ga`dniys it tgb mbiog.
= ^gb seb`` af pib``ieicbs eb tgdhc af gaeb. D givb
gippy ebeardbs af bitdhl autsdnb wdtg ey fied`y.
? ^gb sdlgt af odty `dlgts frae i p` ihb it hdlgteicbs eb
fbb` bxodtbn.
> D—`` hbvbr farlbt tgb sdlgt af tgb suh oaedhl up avbr
tgb eauhtidhs ihn witogdhl dt rdsb dhta tgb scy.
2 D—`` i`wiys rbebembr tgb tistb af ey eatgbr—s
gaebeinb ipp`b pdb. Dt wis sa laan!
96
m ]bin tgb past ihn oaeebhts ilidh ihn ihswbr tgb m @dstbh ilidh ihn ihswbr tgb qubstdahs.
qubstdahs. 9 Nabs Inie `dcb tgb sahl1 \gy/\gy hat1
9 \gy nabs tgb tistb af ogdps rbedhn Bn af sogaa` = \git seb`` nabs Kihb `avb1 \gy1
M B swdeedhl `bssahs1 ? \gy nabs Inie `avb tgb seb`` af oa﬊bb ihn frbsg
= \gy nabs ^ahy rbebembr gds ogd`ngaan wgbh gb gbirs mrbin1
tgb sauhn af ridh1
? i \gdog af tgb pgrisbs dh ma`n dh Bxbrodsb = oih mb usbn
? \gy nabs ^bss `avb tgit a`n sahl1
4 ^gdhc imaut tgb qubstdahs ihn eicb hatbs.
wdtg … • \git irb yaur gippdbst ebeardbs af ogd`ngaan1 \git
> \gy nabs raist ogdocbh eicb _iri tgdhc af gbr
i i vbrm + ‟dhl1 eicbs yau rbebembr tgbe1
lrihneatgbr1 • Nabs i pirtdou`ir sahl givb i spbodi` ebihdhl far yau1
Nabs dt eicb yau tgdhc af i spbodi` tdeb dh yaur `dfb1
o i hauh, b.l. i pbrsah ar i p`iob1
Lrieeir • Nabs i pirtdou`ir seb``/sdlgt rbedhn yau af saebtgdhl
m Ogaasb twa oarrbot i`tbrhitdvbs. ar saebahb spbodi`1
2 ]bin tgb lrieeir max. Fdhn earb bxiep`bs af usbn
9 D—`` i`wiys rbebembr gde/ebbtdhl gbr /sgb. • Na yau givb i fivaurdtb faan tgit rbedhns yau af gaeb1
ta dh tgb oaeebhts dh Bxbrodsb >.
• Na yau givb i pgata tgit rbedhns yau af gippy tdebs1
tistb
fbb`dhl oi`e/oi`e. usbn ta
? ^gds p`iob rbedhns eb af mbdhl yauhl /ey a`n frdbhns / Rsb usbn ta ta ti`c imaut iotdahs tgit gippbhbn _ZBIC
gippy. rblu`ir`y dh tgb pist, mut nah—t gippbh haw .
> D—`` hbvbr farlbt tgb ﬉rst tdeb D siw dt /trivb` ta tgit Bvbry sueebr wb usbn ta la ta tgb sbisdnb.
9: i \arc dh pidrs. Isc ihn ihswbr tgb qubstdahs dh
Bxbrodsb 4. Rsb tgb Rsbfu` pgrisbs ta gb`p yau.
p`iob /bhtbrdhl tgit p`iob far tgb ﬉rst tdeb . Ey eatgbr ndnh—t usb ta edhn!
2 D givb gippy ebeardbs af sogaa`/vdsdtdhltgbsbisdnb / \git ndn sgb ihn gbr sdstbr usb ta na1
Rsbfu` pgrisbs
la ta ey lrihneatgbr—s gausb . Nah—t usb usbn ta far iotdahs ar bvbhts tgit ah`y
_a, na yau givb i fivaurdtb (faan)1
gippbhbn ahob dh tgb pist. Rsb tgb pist sdep`b.
o Oaep`btb tgb sbhtbhobs wdtg yaur awh dnbis. Ag rbi``y, wgy1
Ey eue einb i oicb `ist wbbc.
9 ^istdhl aystbrs i`wiys rbedhns eb af … Tbs, dt eicbs eb tgdhc af (gaeb/ey eue), taa.
HA^; Ey eue usbn ta eicb i oicb `ist wbbc.
vdsdtdhl tgb sbisdnb
= ^gb sauhn af i`wiys eicbs eb tgdhc af … m _girb yaur ebeardbs wdtg ihatgbr pidr. Ndn yau i``
? ^gb seb`` af rbedhns eb af … 6i =.? @dstbh ihn hatdob tgb prahuhoditdah af usbn
ogaasb tgb sieb sbhsb1
> ^gb tistb af eicbs eb tgdhc af ey … ta. \gdog ds prahauhobn earb strahl`y,usbn ar ta1
2 _bbdhl eicbs eb fbb` … Nbvb`ap
9 \b usbn ta la bvbry Frdniy.
6 Vdsdtdhl i`wiys rbedhns eb af ey … yaur
= Ey eatgbr ndnh—t usb ta edhn!
wrdtdhl
n \arc dh pidrs ihn oaepirb yaur dnbis. ? \git ndn tgby usb ta na1
pilb 4:
La tapilb 9?<ar yaur ipp far earbvaoimu`iryihn priotdob. m @dstbh ilidh ihn rbpbit.
9<

9 . 9 9 9 9 99; 9 . 9 9 9 9 99;

99 9=
=N Bhl`dsg dh iotdah Ogboc ihn rb﬍bot
9 i Oaep`btb tgb warns wdtg tgb oarrbot bhndhls, -bn ar m ^gdhc imaut i p`iob yau chaw wb``. \rdtb tgrbb
-dhl. sbhtbhobs imaut gaw dt usbn ta mb nd﬊brbht.
9 ^ gb hb ws wi s s ur pr ds . Dw is rb i` `y su rp rd s 2 i Oaep`btb tgb sbhtbhobs wdtg tgb warns dh tgb max.
Lai`; sgaw dhtbrbst dh i oahvbrsitdah wgbh D gbirn dt.
= D wis qudt b ndsippadht wdtgtgb ﬉`e. ^gb stary ogbbrfu` nu`` bhkayim`b bxtriarndhiry
gaebsdoc aptdedstdo pbiobfu` strbssfu`
w is r bi `` y nd si pp ad ht .
? D g in i rb i` ` yt dr n iy. D wi ss a td r w gb h D﬉ hi `` y 9 D hbvbr fbb` , uh`bss D—e iwiy frae gaeb far i
lat ta mbn. `ahl tdeb ihn tgbh D saebtdebs na.
> D wis sa bemirriss . Dt wis i rbi``y bemirriss = ^a mb gahbst, D ﬉hn rbi`dty ^V qudtb ihn mardhl,
sdtuitdah. mut D `avb witogdhl iotdah ﬉`es ihn naouebhtirdbs.
m \arc dh pidrs. ^i`c imaut tdebs wgbh yau ? ^gbrb irb saeb `avb`y, , qudbt p`iobs hbir wgbrb D
M
bxpbrdbhobn tgb tgdhls dh Bxbrodsb 9i. `dvb. D la wi`cdhl tgbrb qudtb aftbh.
= i Oaep`btb tgb sbhtbhobs wdtg tgb oarrbot fare af tgb > D usui``y lbt hbrvaus mbfarb ih bxie. D ﬉hn tgbe qudtb
vbrms dh mriocbts. , ta mb gahbst.
9 D (ebbt) ey gusmihn wgd`b D (stuny) it 2 D tgdhc tgbrb irb saeb ieizdhl mud`ndhls wgbrb D `dvb.
uhdvbrsdty. \b (mb) it tgb sieb pirty ahb hdlgt. _aeb af tgbe irb qudtb .
= D (mrbic)ey `bl wgd`b D (scd). D 6 D ﬉hn oaacdhl vbry . Df D'vb lat tdeb, D rbi``y `dcb
(la) nawh i nd﬏ou`t rautb ihn D (fi``) avbr. prbpirdhl hdob ebi`s far ey frdbhns ihn fied`y.
? D (ebbt) ey mbst frdbhn it prdeiry sogaa`. \b < D `avb spbhndhl tdeb wdtg Nbhdsb, sgb's i`wiys rbi``y
(pidht) i pdoturb talbtgbr ihn wb kust .
I (hat / stap) ti`cdhl. \b—rb std`` mbst frdbhns taniy. 7 ^gb bxie wis rbi``y nd﬏ou`t mut D fbb` ihn tgdhc
> \gd`b D (trivb`) irauhn _autg Iebrdoi kust iftbr D'`` piss!
9 @aac it tgb pdoturbs. \git na yau tgdhc ds gippbhdhl D (﬉hdsg) uhdvbrsdty, D (stirt) ta `birh m \arc dh pidrs. Nbodnb df tgb sbhtbhobs dh Bxbrodsb 2i
dh biog ahb1 _pihdsg. D tgbh (mboaeb) i _pihdsg tbiogbr. irb trub ar fi`sb far yaur pirthbr. ^gbh ogboc ihn ﬉hn
=i =.9: @dstbh ihn eitog oahvbrsitdahs 9‟? wdtg m \rdtb sbhtbhobs imaut tgrbb sdlhd﬉oiht bvbhts dh aut earb dhfareitdah.
pdoturbs I‟O. \brb yaur dnbis dh Bxbrodsb 9 oarrbot1 O
yaur `dfb. \arc dh pidrs ihn ndsouss tgbe. 6 i Ogaasb tgb oarrbot i`tbrhitdvbs.
m @dstbh ta tgb oahvbrsitdahs ilidh. Gaw nabs tgb ? i Oaep`btb tgb sbhtbhobs wdtg tgb vbrms dh tgb max. 9 Dt—s i suog/suog i lrbit odty.
pbrsah `dstbhdhl gb`p tgb pbrsah tb``dhl tgb stary1 > \arc dh pidrs. ^icb turhs ta rbin tgds stary ta biog = Dt wis sa/suog mardhl!
atgbr. Biog tdeb yau sbb (...), rbiot ta wgit yaur farlbt givb rbedhns sed`b tgdhc ? D spbht sa/suog euog eahby.
o @dstbh ilidh. ^doc tgb pgrisbs dh tgb Rsbfu` pgrisbs
pirthbr siys ihn gb`p tgbe ta oahtdhub ti`cdhl.
max tgit yau gbir. 9 _iturniy bvbhdhl ^V i`wiys eb af ey > \b wbrb givdhl sa/suog i laan tdeb tgit wb ndnh—t wiht
D gin ih dhtbrbstdhl niy ybstbrniy … D wis it warc, ihn ey ogd`ngaan. dt ta bhn.
Rsbfu` pgrisbs mass ta`n eb gb wihtbn ta spbic ta eb … Gb ta`n eb tgit = ^gb seb`` af ogaoa`itb i`wiys eicbs eb af ey 2 D—e taa/bhaulg yauhl ta rbebembr dt.
Bhoaurildhl saebahb ta oahtdhub gb wis `bivdhl tgb oaepihy … Ihn tgit D wau`n mb tgb hbw lrihnpirbhts. 6 D—e hat bhaulg laan /laan bhaulg ybt. D hbbn ta depravb
Rg gug. mass af tgb nbpirtebht! … D nd nh—t chaw wgit ta siy. D wis sa it dt.
? D vbry gippy ebeardbs af ey prdeiry sogaa`. D
]dlgt. surprdsbn!
`avbn bvbry sboahn. < Dt wis taa/suog bxpbhsdvb. D ndnh—t givb bhaulg eahby/
\git gippbhbn1 I; D gin ih dhtbrbstdhl niy ybstbrniy … > D—`` hbvbr tgb ﬉rst tdeb D ranb i mdcb my eysb`f. D eahby bhaulg ta muy dt.
\git ndn yau na1 M; ]bi``y1 \git gippbhbn1 fb`t sa gippy. m ]bp`iob dt dh tgb sbhtbhobs dh Bxbrodsb 6i ta eicb trub
Ihn wgit gippbhbn hbxt1 2 ^gb sahl Zbrfbot Niy i`wiys eicbs eb . Dt—s
2 i Tau—rb ladhl ta tb`` yaur pirthbr imaut ih bxpbrdbhob sbhtbhobs. \arc dh pidrs ihn oaepirb yaur dnbis.
\git gippbhbn dh tgb bhn1 suog i lrbit sahl.
yau'vb gin. Fdrst, ogaasb i tapdo mb`aw ar tgdhc af
]biotdhl ihn sgawdhl dhtbrbst
yaur awh dnbi. m Eicb tgb sbhtbhobs dh Bxbrodsb ?i trub far yau. ]b﬍bot
\aw! • i min niy Gaw oah﬉nbht na yau fbb` imaut tgb stitbebhts
> i Oaep`btb tgb sbhtbhobs wdtg tgb oarrbot fare af
^git—s sa oaa`! • saebwgbrb hbw yau vdsdtbn mb`aw1 \rdtb 9 ‟2 (9 5 hat vbry oah﬉nbht, 2 5 vbry
^git—s iwfu`! usbn ta ihn tgb vbrms dh tgb max.
• saebahb fieaus yau siw ar ebt oah﬉nbht).
^git—s ieizdhl! • ih ieizdhl niy yau gin mb mb im`b hat mb p`iy • D oih nbsordmb pist bxpbrdbhobs.
Lrbit! • saebtgdhl surprdsdhl tgit gippbhbn • D oih ti`c imaut ebeardbs.
]bi``y1 9 ^gbrb i mdl sgappdhl obhtrb. Dt apbhbn kust i • D oih nbsordmb i hbw bxpbrdbhob.
m Eicb saeb hatbs. ^gdhc imaut tgb fa``awdhl;
Ag ha! fbw eahtgs ila, iotui``y. • D oih sgaw dhtbrbst dh i oahvbrsitdah.
• wgbh ihn wgbrb dt gippbhbn
= ^gbrb earb sei`` dhnbpbhnbht sgaps, mut
• tgb east departiht tgdhls tgit gippbhbn
eihy af tgbe givb haw o`asbn.
?i =.99 @dstbh ta tgb pgrisbs mb`aw. \gdog af tgb • gaw yau fb`t
pbap`b sauhn dhtbrbstbn1 ? \b faatmi`` dh tgb pirc, mut tgby mud`t a﬏obs
o \arc dh pidrs. Isc ihn ihswbr qubstdahs imaut yaur tgbrb. \iht earb
9 Ihn wgit gippbhbn hbxt1 bxpbrdbhobs. Rsb tgb Rsbfu` pgrisbs ta gb`p yau.
> Tau ta nrdvb dh tgb odty obhtrb. Haw oirs irb hat priotdob1
= ^git—s ieizdhl!
i``awbn tgbrb. La ta yaur \arcmaac
? Ag ha.
La ah`dhb far tgb ar ipp.
> _a wgit ndn yau na1 ]aineip vdnba.
m =.9= @dstbh ihn rbpbit.
=: =9

9 . 9 9 9 99; 9 . 9 9 9 9 99;

9?

_RZZA]^ OAEZAHBH^_

\A]CMAAC \D^G AH@DHB IRNDA

^gb ]aineip \arcmaac oahtidhs i wdnb virdbty af lrieeir,
vaoimu`iry ihn fuhotdahi` `ihluilb bxbrodsbs tgit rbvdbw i``
tgb irbis oavbrbn dh tgb _tunbhts— Maac. Dt i`sa fbiturbs
inndtdahi` `dstbhdhl, rbindhl ihn wrdtdhl priotdob.
! Bxtbhsdvb priotdob af lrieeir, vaoimu`iry ihn fuhotdahi`
`ihluilb oavbrbn dh tgb _tunbhts— Maac.
!"" Inndtdahi` `dstbhdhl, rbindhl ihn wrdtdhl priotdob ta furtgbr
nbvb`ap `birhbrs— chaw`bnlb ihn eistbry af scd``s.
!"" Fu`` ihswbr cbys ihn iunda sordpts irb pravdnbn it tgb mioc
af tgb maac.

]aineip \arcmaac iunda ds ivid`im`b ah`dhb far stunbhts ihn

tbiogbrs dh tgb Zbirsah Bhl`dsg Zarti`.

EAMD@B IZZ
Bxtri lrieeir ihn vaoimu`iry bxbrodsbs, ivid`im`b ah tgb
eamd`b ipp (tgb Zbirsah Zriotdob Bhl`dsg ipp), oahsa`dnitb
`ihluilb padhts oavbrbn dh tgb _tunbhts— Maac.
!" Ah-tgb-la, mdtb-sdzbn priotdob wgdog oih mb nahb

ihywgbrb, ihy tdeb.

!" Dhstiht fbbnmioc pravdnbn ta stunbhts.

!" Zralrbssdvb `bvb`s af ogi``bhlb.

M9
\A]CMAAC
wdtg cby ihn ah`dhb
iunda
O`idrb Fdtzlbri`n, Citgbr
dhb Mrawhb

9 . 9

/9 / 9 9 ;

96

AH@DHB Z]IO^DOB
]aineip Ah`dhb priotdob pravdnbs i m`bhnbn
ihn pbrsahi`dsbn `birhdhl bhvdrahebht wdtg
eitbrdi`s tgit oih mb issdlhbn it tgb tauog af
i muttah.
! Dhtbriotdvb \arcmaac bxbrodsbs wdtg
dhstiht fbbnmioc ihn iutaeitdo lrinb
maac.
! Oaeeah brrars rbpart tgit gdlg`dlgts
edsticbs `birhbrs irb eicdhl.
! ^dps ihn fbbnmioc tgit ndrbot `birhbrs
ta rbfbrbhob eitbrdi`s ihn bhoaurilb
tgbe ta warc aut ihswbrs
tgbesb`vbs.
! Rhdt, iogdbvbebht, edn ihn bhn af
oaursb tbsts.

9<

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_RZZA]^ OAEZAHBH^_

^BIOGB]—_ MAAC
^gb ]aineip ^biogbr's Maac pravdnbs stbp-my-stbp dhstruotdahs
ah gaw ta bxp`adt tgb eitbrdi`.
! ^biogbr—s hatbs far bvbry uhdt wdtg wirebrs, ﬉``brs, i`tbrhitdvb
sullbstdahs, ou`turb hatbs ihn ihswbr cbys.
! Lbhbrdo tbiogdhl tdps ah usbfu` irbis suog is lrieeir,
`bxds, prahuhoditdah bto.
! Zgataoapdim`b lrieeir ihn vaoimu`iry warcsgbbts far
bvbry uhdt.
! O`iss iunda sordpts.

^BIOGB]—_ NDLD^I@ ]B_AR]OB_

^gb ]aineip ndldti` rbsaurobs irbi (ioobssbn vdi tgb Zbirsah
Bhl`dsg Zarti`) pravdnbs i gast af suppart eitbrdi`s ta gb`p
tbiogbrs lbt tgb east aut af tgb oaursb.
! Zgataoapdim`b lrieeir ihn vaoimu`iry warcsgbbts far
bvbry uhdt, wdtg tbiogbr—s hatbs ihn ihswbr cbys.
! O`iss iunda ihn sordpts.
! \arcmaac iunda ihn sordpts.
! \arn `dsts.
! _tunbhts— Maac ihswbr cby. M9
! Vdnba, vdnba sordpts ihn vdnba warcsgbbts. ^BIOGB]—_ MAAC
wdtg ndldti` rbsaurobs
ihn issbssebht pioc
ilb
! Rhdt, iogdbvbebht, edn ihn bhn af oaursb tbsts. Citb Fusoab, Cirbh
Oiebrah Lriy

! ^bsts iunda, iunda sordpts ihn ihswbr cbys.

9 . 9

/ /9 9 ;

R
_pbicbr?; h
Vaoimu`iryogbocpadht Dwiswarcdhl`itbittgba﬏obahbhdlgtisDhbbnbnta﬉hdsgirbpart d
t
=I \gitgippbhbn1 _s aftbh sdep`dfy ihn sullbst tgit -bn inkbotdvbs nbsordmb i
=

=
fareymass.DwiskustsguttdhlnawheyoaeputbrwgbhD gbirni hadsb.
pbrsah ihn -dhl inkbotdvbs nbsordmbs i tgdhl; ^gb nb`iy ds Dwisi`ahbdhtgba﬏obmytgittdebsaD fb`tritgbrwarrdb n.Dnbodnbn
AVB]VDB\ Dhtranuotdah
ihhaydhl , D ie ihhaybn . \gd`b tgds ds aftbh trub, dt ds hat
i`wiys trub. Zbap`b oih mb ihhaybn ihn ihhaydhl . ^gby oih
taoi``tgbsbourdtyluirn.\gd`bDwiswidtdhlfargdetaoaeb,D siw
saebtgdhleavbhbirtgbwi``.MyhawDwisrbi``yfrdlgtbhbn!^gbhD
siwdt ‟ dtwiskustioit!Eiymbdtlatdhtgraulgtgbapbhwdhnaw.Dt wis
^gb lai` af tgds `bssah ds far stunbhts ta nbsordmb tgbdr pist i`sa mb ieizdhl ihn ieizbn, ihn sa ah. Ahb sdep`b bxiep`b safuhhy,D `iulgbnaut `aun!
bxpbrdbhobs. ^a gb`p tgbe iogdbvb tgds, tgby wd`` rbvdsb tgb pist ta gb`p tgbe rbebembr tgds ds ta tgdhc af i garrar ﬉`e
sdep`b ihn pist oahtdhuaus dh tgb oahtbxt af tb``dhl stardbs. ogiriotbr suog is Nriou`i. Gb ds frdlgtbhdhl ihn wb irb

=I \git gippbhbn1
frdlgtbhbn. Lrieeir
Lai` | nbsordmbpistbxpbrdbhobs \ire-up Zist oahtdhuaus ihn pist sdep`b
Lrieeir | pistoahtdhuausihn pistsdep`b
? Bxp`idh tgit _s eust ogaasb tgb oarrbot fare. Oaep`btb tgb ﬉rst
Nbsordmb i sdtuitdah ta _s tgit oih d``ustritb i fbw af tgb tirlbt dtbe talbtgbr, tgbh isc _s ta oahtdhub i`ahb. Isc _s ta oaepirb dh
Vaoimu`iry | nbsordmdhlfbb`dhlsihnbvbhts Aptdahi`bxtri iotdvdty
inkbotdvbs. Far bxiep`b, _ub gin ih dhtbrvdbw far i kam. Dt wis pidrs mbfarb b`dodtdhl ihswbrs. Nrd`` ilidh df hbobssiry.
L_B`birhdhlamkbotdvb
gbr ﬉rst dhtbrvdbw. Gaw ndn sgb fbb`1 (warrdbn). \gbh sgb irrdvbn _s wd`` givb stundbn tgb pist sdep`b ihn oahtdhuaus mbfarb. Isc
Oihti`c imautpistbvbhts arbxpbrdbhobsusdhl
it tgb dhtbrvdbw, ih a`n frdbhn wis ahb af tgb dhtbrvdbwbrs. Ihswbrs; 9 ihhaybn = ieizdhl ? warrdbn tgbe ta ﬉hn ihn uhnbr`dhb bxiep`bs af tgb twa vbrm fares dh
sdep`b`ihluilb
Gaw ndn _ub fbb`1 (surprdsbn). _gb ndnh—t lbt tgb kam. Gaw ndn sgb > bemirrissdhl 2 frdlgtbhdhl 6 ndsippadhtbn < warrydhl Bx 2m, tgbh b`dodt tgb fare (wis/wbrb + -dhl far pist oahtdhuaus
=M Ebeardbs fbb`1 (ndsippadhtbn). \rdtb tgbsb inkbotdvbs dh i `dst ah tgb mairn. 7 rb`ixbn 4 tdrdhl ihn -bn far rblu`ir pist sdep`b). Isc _s ta ndsouss tgb nd﬊brbhob
Lai` | ti`cimautebeardbs B`dodt earb inkbotdvbs tgit bhn wdtg -bn. ^b`` _s tgds ds tgb faous af mbtwbbh tgb twa tbhsbs, usdhl tgb bxiep`bs. B`dodt dnbis. Dt eiy
Lrieeir | usbnta taniy—s `bssah. mb gb`pfu` ta nriw i tdeb`dhb ah tgb mairn ta sgaw tgb dhtbriotdah
> Bxp`idh tgit _s eust isc tgb qubstdahs ihn rbspahn wdtg -dhl ar
Vaoimu`iry | ebeardbs
-bn inkbotdvbs. B`dodt rbspahsbs far tgb ﬉rst qubstdah, bstim`dsgdhl af tgb twa tbhsbs.
L_B `birhdhlamkbotdvb
Oihisc ihnihswbr qubstdahsimautpist tdebsihn Vaoimu`iry tgit sbvbri` ihswbrs irb passdm`b. ^gbh isc stunbhts ta oahtdhub
pistiotdvdtdbs dh pidrs. \bicbr o`issbs eiy hbbn ta prbpirb ﬉rst, my wrdtdhl 6 Isc _s ta rbin tgb Lrieeir max ihn uhnbr`dhb tgb oarrbot
Nbsordmdhl fbb`dhls ihn bvbhts tgbdr ogadob af inkbotdvbs mbsdnb biog ihswbr. i`tbrhitdvbs. \dtg wbicbr o`issbs, ﬉rst ogboc tgb ebihdhl af
=O Ou`turbsgaoc 9 Isc _s ta `aac it tgb ﬉rst pgata ihn siy wgit ds gippbhdhl. Isc dhtbrrupt ihn dh pralrbss . (Tau irb tbiogdhl tgb o`iss haw ‟ tgb
Lai` | nbsordmbihbw bxpbrdbhob _s ta sullbst ahb inkbotdvb dh tgb max far tgb pgata ihn ndsouss Furtgbrpriotdob o`iss ds dh pralrbss . Mut df ihatgbr tbiogbr oaebs ta isc yau i
Lrieeir | sa/suog … tgit3 taa … ta3 hat … bhaulgta wgy tgby ogasb dt. Zut _s dh pidrs ihn ldvb tgbe i fbw edhutbs ta qubstdah, tgby dhtbrrupt tgb o`iss.) Isc _s ta ndsouss d h pidrs, tgbh
Zgataoapdim`b iotdvdtdbs; =I Vaoimu`iry, p92<
Vaoimu`iry | fbb`dhlsihnrbiotdahs ti`c imaut tgb atgbr pgatas, usdhl tgb warns dh tgb max. Zadht aut ogboc wdtg tgb wga`b o`iss. Isc _s df tgb `ahlbr iotdah oahtdhubs
L_B`birhdhlamkbotdvb tgby eiy hat mb im`b ta usb i`` tgb warns. Eahdtar ihn gb`p wdtg iftbr wb dhtbrrupt dt (eiymb).
Oihldvbnbtid`bniooauhtsaf bxpbrdbhobs,nbsordmdhlfbb`dhls
ihnrbiotdahs
hbw vaoimu`iry. \gbh tgby ﬉hdsg, b`dodt dnbis. @dstbhdhl
Ihswbrs; 9 pist sdep`b = pist oahtdhuaus
=N Bhl`dsg dh iotdah Aptdahi`bxtriiotdvdty 2i =.9 Isc _s ta `aac it tgb aptdahs ihn eicb surb tgby
Lai` | sgawdhtbrbstdh oahvbrsitdah \dtg wbicbr o`issbs, yau eiy wiht ta prb-tbiog ihhaybn , uhnbrstihn tgb vaoimu`iry (dhodnbht 5 saebtgdhl tgit gippbhs).
Z`iy tgb iunda ihn tb`` _s ta `dstbh ihn wrdtb 9, = ar ? mbsdnb biog L]IEEI] MIHC =I pp.997‟994
L_B`birhdhlamkbotdvb bemirrissbn , ieizbn ihn ndsippadhtbn (sbb \ire-up). Ndsp`iy
aptdah. Ziusb iftbr biog stary. _trahlbr o`issbs oau`n rbin tgb hatbs it gaeb. Atgbrwdsb,
Oihsgaw dhtbrbstdhoahvbrsitdahusdhl ﬉xbnbxprbssdahs pdoturbs tgit nbeahstritb ihy fbb`dhls dh tgb max tgit irb hat
ogboc tgb hatbs wdtg _s. Dh biog bxbrodsb, b`dodt tgb ﬉rst
]aineipvdnba sgawh dh tgb pdoturbs ihn ogboc tgit _s oih dnbhtdfy tgbe.
Ihswbrs; i ? m = o 9 ihswbr is ih bxiep`b. _s warc i`ahb ta oaep`btb tgb
Laah`dhb fartgb ]aineipvdnba. bxbrodsbs, tgbh ogboc tgbdr ihswbrs dh pidrs. Dh fbbnmioc,
=i Isc _s ta rbin tgb oaeebhts ihn tgbh ndsouss dh pidrs wgdog m Faous ittbhtdah ah tgb stitbebhts. I``aw _s tdeb ta rbin ogboc ihswbrs wdtg tgb wga`b o`iss. _s oih rbfbr ta tgb hatbs
Ogboc ihn rb﬍bot pgatas tgby eitog. Fa``aw wdtg i wga`b-o`iss ndsoussdah.
tgraulg tgbe mbfarb p`iydhl tgb iunda ilidh. _s eirc biog ta gb`p tgbe.
Oaeeuhdoitdvbiotdvdtdbstarbvdb wtgblrieeirihn
vaoimu`irydhbiog `bssah. stitbebht ^ ar F. Isc tgbe ta oaepirb ihswbrs dh pidrs mbfarb
Ihswbrs; 9 O = I ? N Ihswbrs;
`bindhl fbbnmioc. B`dodt oarrbotdahs far tgb fi`sb sbhtbhobs.
9 9 siw, wis widtdhl = wis wi`cdhl, stirtbn
VAOIMR@I]T MIHC m Isc _s ta rbin oaeebht = ilidh, tgbh ndsouss dh pidrs tgb ? ebt, wbrb nadhl > ndnh—t ihswbr, wis nrdvdhl
Ihswbrs;
nd﬊brbhobmbtwbbhihhaydhl ihn ihhaybn . O`irdfy tgit i sdtuitdah 2 wis ridhdhl, ndnh—t la 6 wbrb yau qubudhl, lat
=M ^gb sbhsbs 9 F (Gb wis vdsdtdhl gds gaeb tawh) = ^ ? ^
ar iotdvdty ds ihhaydhl ihn wb fbb` ihhaybn mboiusb af tgit. = 9 wis ob`bmritdhl = rb`bisbn ? rbobdvbn > fauhn
> F (Gbr tridh wis `bivdhl)
=O Inkbotdvbs Nrd`` i`` tgb tirlbt inkbotdvbs ogari``y. 2 wis p`iydhl 6 wbrb givdhl < tgrbw 7 s`dppbn
2 F (_gb wis sguttdhl nawh gbr oaeputbr) 6 ^
4 gurt 9: rbobdvbn 99 ndnh—t o`bih up/ginh—t o`bihbn up
NBVB@AZ TAR] _CD@@_ Ihswbrs; -dhl inkbotdvbs nbsordmb i sdtuitdah3 -bn inkbotdvbs 9= wbrb trydhl
Iundasordpt=.9
nbsordmb gaw wb rbspahn ta tgit sdtuitdah ihn gaw wb fbb`.
=I Nbvb`apyaur rbindhl _pbicbr9; Aptdahi`bxtri iotdvdty
Lai` | uhnbrstihnihbws irtdo`b Eymbstfrdbhnitsogaa`wisoi``bnIhny.\gbhwb﬉hdsgbnsogaa`,wb
Faous | rbindhlfarspbod﬉o dhfareitdah Zrahuhoditdahogbocpadht wbhttand﬊brbhtuhdvbrsdtdbsta stuny.Iftbruhdvbrsdty,wbmatg wbht Isc stunbhts ta tgdhc imaut wgbrb tgby wbrb ihn wgit tgby wbrb
L_B`birhdhlamkbotdvb @dcb rblu`ir pist sdep`b bhndhls, -bn bhndhls af inkbotdvbs imraintawarcihnwbndnh—tcbbpdhtauog.^gbh`istwbbcDwisvdsdtdhl nadhl nurdhl ih departiht bvbht ar hbws stary. Dt oau`n mb hitdahi`
Oihsoih sgarttbxts ta`aoitbspbod﬉o dhfareitdah irb prahauhobn bdtgbr /t/, /n/ ar /ɫn/. ^gb bhndhl ds hat eygaebtawhfari fbwniys.Ahbiftbrhaah,Dwiswi`cdhli`ahltgb ar pbrsahi`, far bxiep`b; \gbrb wbrb yau ihn wgit wbrb yau
prahauhobn/bn/. ^gb bhndhl sauhn nbpbhns ah tgb Gdlg_trbbtihn tgdhcdhlimautIhny. Dwis wahnbrdhlwgbrbgbwis nadhl wgbh tgb hbw prbsdnbht wis b`botbn /yau rbobdvbn yaur
=M Nbvb`apyaur wrdtdhl ihnwgitgbwisnadhl.D nbodn bntastapfari oa﬊bbdhahbaf tgboifäs
prbobndhl oahsahiht sauhn mut yau nah—t hbbn ta lbt taa bxie rbsu`ts1 D wis it warc /o`bihdhl ey gausb . _s isc biog atgbr.
Lai` | wrdtbih bssiy ahtgbGdlg_trbbt.KustisD wisladhldhtatgboifäahtgbGdlg_trbbt,i
Faous | wrdtdhlpirilripgs tboghdoi`. _s oih `birh tgb sdep`b ru`b tgit warns bhndhl eihoiebaut.DtwisIhny!\bwbrbmatgieizbn!
wdtg tgb sauhn /t/ ar /n/ wd`` givb tgb /ɫn/ bhndhl _pbicbr=; <i =.= Isc _s ta rbin tgb tgrbb sbhtbhobs ihn `dstbh ta tgb
L_B `birhdhlamkbotdvb
Oihwrdtb sgart,sdep`bbssiys wdtgmisdo struoturbah (b.l. ndsippadhtbn /tɫn/). Atgbrs wd`` bhn wdtg bdtgbr i /n/ ar Nayaubvbrgivbniyswgbhbvbrytgdh llabswrahl1@istybirDgin prahuhoditdahaf wis. Na tgby tgdhc dt ds strahl ar wbic1 (wbic)
fied`dirtapdos /t/ sauhn (b.l. surprdsbn /n/, rb`ixbn /t/). ihdhtbrvdbwfari hbwkam.Dndnh—twihttamb `itb,sa Dlatupvbrybir`y. Df yau tgdhc dt ds usbfu`, bxp`idh tgb dhfareitdah dh tgb
\gd`bD wiswi`cdhlta tgbtridhstitdah, Dsunnbh`yrbebembrbnD ndnh—t Zrahuhoditdah ogbocpadht mb`aw, usdhl tgb bxiep`bs ld vbh.
=O Nbvb`apyaur `dstbhdhl givbeypgahb.Dgin talamiocgaebihnlbtdt.\gbhD lattatgb
Aptdahi`bxtriiotdvdty
Lai` | uhnbrstihn ih dhtbrvdbw stitdah,eytridh wiskust `bivdhl‟ Dwissa ihhaybn!Dgintawidtfar
Faous | uhnbrstihndhl`dhcbrs Rsb tgb `dst af -bn inkbotdvbs dh Bx 9 ta oahnuot furtgbr tgbhbxttridh.Fdhi`` y,Dlattatgba﬏obwgbrbDwisladhltagivbtgb
prahuhoditdah priotdob dh pidrs. dhtbrvdbw.Dwisruhhdhluptgb stbpstatgbeidhnaarwgbhDfb``avbr
L_B `birhdhlamkbotdvb
ihnnrappbneymil ‟ eytgdhlswbhtbvbrywgbrb.Dtwisahbaftgb
Oih`dstbhtai sgarthirritdvbihnprbndo twgitwd`` _tunbht I siys D wis …bn ihn _tunbht M rbspahns my siydhl
eaststrbssfu`niysafey`dfb.Ag,ihnD ndnh—tlbttgbkam.
gippbhhbxt Tbs, dt wis …dhl .

?6 ?<

9Q Q Q 9Q 9 . 9 -9 9 ;

97

2M Vaoimu`iry Z`iobs ta `dvb

t oahtdhuaus
Lrieeir 9
Zist sdep`b ihn pis
=I
s 9
ihn pist oahtdhuau =
tgb pist sdep`b i sei`` gausb,
sbhtbhobs 9‟6 usdhl
_^I]^ tgds cbbps ?

"
^gbh oaep`btb usui``y
9 @aac it tgb pdoturbs. dh tgb max. dh tgb oauhtry
yaur gausb LA FA]\I]N i gdlg mud`ndhl
pidrs = _ZIOB_
fares af tgb vbrm wrdtb/orisg (< `bttbrs)
wire wdtg `ats af
sbb/wi`c ti`c/oaeb sdt/rdhl (= warns) ipirtebhts
la/rbi`dsb ruh/gbir
mrbic/p`iy bit/stirt (? warns)

>
tgb fraht
naar af
i mud`ndhl
< (7 `bttbrs)

"
ih irbi autsdnb
6
tgraulg tgb i gausb wgbrb LA FA]\I]N 2
hD i gausb
tbr = Tbstbrniy iftbrhaa i `aun mihl.
yau oih sdt 9 _ZIOB
hat kadhbn ta
ah tap af i
ey bssiy, ey oaepu pirc wgbh D (2 `bttbrs) gausb ‟ dt cbbps LA MIOC
9 \gd`b D ihatgbr gausb
tgb ridh aut 9 _ZIOB
. (= warns)
(> `bttbrs)

LA MIOC
? _ZIOB_

7
ta tgb idrpart, sgb yau usb tgds ta la 4
> \gd`b sgb pisspart.
9:

"
sgb ndnh—t givb gbr
frae nawhstidrs LA FA]\I]N i vbry sei``
gds `bl wgd`b gb ta upstidrs 9 _ZIOB ﬍it wdtg
tgb tap
? Gb pirt af i LA
faatmi``. (4 `bttbrs) ahb raae FA]\I]N
raae
(6 `bttbrs) = _ZIOB_
(< `bttbrs)

99
]R@B_ i gausb tgit ds
• Df yaur ihswbr kadhbn ta atgbr
ds oarrbot, stiy ah
• Df yaur ihswbr tgb squirb uhtd` y gausbs dh i raw
ds dhoarrbot, la mioc aur hbxt turh.
nriei lraup wgd`b
ih invbrt far tgb • Df yau `ihn ah
i squirb wgdog saebah
ta tgb squirb yau
wbrb ah mbfarb. (= warns)
6 D b gis i`rbiny ihsw
wgbh tgb tbiogbr ta oa``blb. eavb mioc ta tgb
hbirbst squirb. brbn oarrbot`y,
D
2 ^gb stunbhts • Df yau `ihn ah
i frbb squirb, sti
dhta tgb raae. y tgbrb uhtd` yaur 9=
hbxt turh.
tgds cbbps
yaur gausb
oaa`
(= warns)
9>
FDHD_G 9?

"
LA MIOC yau oih stihn
9 _ZIOB ah tgds ihn `aac yau wi`c
ah tgds dh
it tgb vdbw LA MIOC
i raae > _ZIOB_
(< `bttbrs)
7 (2 `bttbrs)
<
fares
s ihn pist sdep`b
tgb pist oahtdhuau
turbs < ihn 7 usdhl wdtg i pirthbr.
sbhtbhobs far pdo
\rdtb yaur awh Oaepirb yaur dnbis ZGA^AOAZDIM@B
=
vbrms dh tgb max. 922 © Zbirsah Bnuoit
af tgb rbeidhdhl
dah @dedtbn =:94
@dedtbn =:94
© Zbirsah Bnuoitdah 97<
ZGA^AOAZDIM@B .

9 9 ;

/ / ;

9 . 9
Q Q Q 9Q

Z]B_BH^I^DAH ^AA@
^gb ]aineip Zrbsbhtitdah taa` oahtidhs bvbrytgdhl
yau hbbn ta eicb tgb oaursb oaeb i`dvb. Dt dho`unbs
dhtblritbn wgdtbmairn saftwirb tgit i``aws yau ta
inn hatbs, bembn ﬉`bs, sivb yaur warc ihn rbnuob
prbpiritdah tdeb.

Zrbsbhtitdah taa`;
! Fu``y dhtbriotdvb vbrsdah af tgb _tunbhts— Maac.
! Z`ihhdhl eanb (dho`unbs tbiogbr—s hatbs)
ihn tbiogdhl eanb.
! Bisy hivdlitdah vdi maac pilb ihn `bssah ﬍aw.
! Ihswbrs ta bxbrodsbs it tgb tauog af i muttah.
! Dhtblritbn iunda.
! Dhtblritbn vdnba, wdtg tdeb-oanbn
vdnba sordpts.
! I gast af usbfu` o`issraae taa`s.

]bsaurobs irbi;
! ZNFs af tgb Lrieeir mihc eitbrdi`s.
! Vdnba warcsgbbts.
! Zgataoapdim`b iotdvdtdbs wdtg tbiogbr—s hatbs.
! Iundasordpts.
! Issbssebht piocilb oahtidhdhl i`` tgb
oaursb tbsts.

94

OAR]_B EB^GANA@ALT

_y``imus ^apdos
Eidhtidhdhl `birhbrs— dhtbrbst ds i vdti` pirt af tgb tbiogbr—s ra`b.
^gb ]aineip sy``imus ds mud`t ah L`ami` _oi`b af Bhl`dsg `ihluilb
]bsbirog sullbsts tgit `birhbrs lbt marbn df tgby stiy ah tgb
`birhdhl amkbotdvbs (sbb mb`aw) mut tgbrb ds i strahl faous ah tgb
sieb tapdo far taa `ahl sa biog `bssah dh ]aineip dhtranuobs i
cby lrieeir, fuhotdahi` `ihluilb, vaoimu`iry ihn prahuhoditdah
frbsg tgbeb, i`tgaulg tgbrb ds i`wiys i oagbrbht `dhc dh tbres
hbbnbn ta pbrfare tgasb amkbotdvbs dh biog af tgb eidh `bssahs.
af `ihluilb dtbes oavbrbn frae ahb `bssah ta tgb hbxt. ^gbrb
@ihluilb dtbes givb mbbh sb`botbn iooarndhl ta tgbdr `bvb` af
ds i`sa i tapdo `dhc wdtg tgb Nbvb`ap yaur scd``s `bssahs wgdog irb
nd﬏ou`ty ihn gaw usbfu` tgby irb dh gb`pdhl `birhbrs ta iogdbvb
ih bxtbhsdah af tgb eidh `bssah. Frbsg ihl`bs ah fied`dir tapdos
tgb oaeeuhdoitdvb lai` wgdog ds it tgb gbirt af biog `bssah.
givb mbbh usbn wgbrbvbr passdm`b ihn rbindhl ihn `dstbhdhl tbxts
Is i rbsu`t, `birhbrs hbvbr fbb` tgit tgby irb stunydhl lrieeir,
givb mbbh nbsdlhbn ta mb is iutgbhtdo is passdm`b. ^gb tbxts
fuhotdahi` `ihluilb, vaoimu`iry ar prahuhoditdah far dts awh sicb
irb misbn ah rbi`-war`n saurobs ihn i`tgaulg tgby givb mbbh
ihn oih deebnditb`y sbb tgb rb`bvihob af wgit tgby irb `birhdhl.
lrinbn, bspbodi``y it tgb `awbr `bvb`s, ta eicb tgbe ioobssdm`b
! _y``imus mud`t ah L`ami` _oi`b af Bhl`dsg `birhdhl amkbotdvbs sa far stunbhts, tgb ‗tahb— af tgb tbxts ds is rbi`dstdo is passdm`b.
`birhbrs oih deebnditb`y sbb tgb rb`bvihob af wgit tgby irb Bvbry uhdt oahtidhs i virdbty af rdog ihn iutgbhtdo dhput eitbrdi`
`birhdhl. dho`undhl spbodi``y ﬉`ebn vdnba o`dps.
! _trahl faous ah tgb lrieeir, vaoimu`iry, fuhotdahi` `ihluilb ! Hbw tapdos irb dhtranuobn dh bvbry `bssah sa `birhbrs hbvbr
ihn prahuhoditdah hbbnbn ta iogdbvb tgb spbicdhl amkbotdvb it lbt marbn.
tgb gbirt af bvbry `bssah.
! Frbsg ihl`bs ah fied`dir tapdos givb mbbh dhtranuobn
wgbrbvbr passdm`b.
^gb L`ami` _oi`b af Bhl`dsg ! ]bindhl ihn `dstbhdhl tbxts irb nbsdlhbn ta mb is iutgbhtdo is
passdm`b ihn irb misbn ah rbi`-war`n saurobs.
^gb L`ami` _oi`b af Bhl`dsg (L_B) ds i stihnirndsbn, lrihu`ir
soi`b tgit ebisurbs Bhl`dsg `ihluilb pra﬉odbhoy. Rsdhl tgb
L_B stunbhts ihn tbiogbrs oih haw ihswbr tgrbb qubstdahs Lrieeir
ioouritb`y; Bxiot`y gaw laan ds ey Bhl`dsg1 \git pralrbss givb
D einb tawirns ey `birhdhl lai`1 \git na D hbbn ta na hbxt df D _uoobssfu` oaeeuhdoitdah ds nbpbhnbht ah ih imd`dty ta rboalhdsb
wiht ta depravb1 ihn usb lrieeitdoi` struoturbs. @birhbrs oih aftbh eihilb ta
^gb L_B dnbhtd﬉bs wgit i `birhbr oih na it biog padht ah i soi`b eicb tgbesb`vbs uhnbrstaan wdtg i `dedtbn rbpbrtadrb af warns
frae 9: ta 4:, iorass i`` faur scd``s (`dstbhdhl, rbindhl, spbicdhl, ihn pgrisbs mut is tgbdr `bvb` pralrbssbs, tgby dhorbisdhl`y hbbn
ihn wrdtdhl), is wb`` is tgb bhim`dhl scd``s af lrieeir ihn lrieeir ta hivdlitb earb oaep`bx sdtuitdahs ihn oaeeuhdoitb
vaoimu`iry. ^gds i``aws `birhbrs ihn tbiogbrs ta uhnbrstihn i earb sapgdstdoitbn dnbis ihn apdhdahs. _tunbhts i`sa hbbn i
`birhbr—s bxiot `bvb` af pra﬉odbhoy, wgit pralrbss tgby givb einb chaw`bnlb af lrieeir ta uhnbrstihn sbhtbhob fareitdah wgbh
ihn wgit tgby hbbn ta `birh hbxt. rbindhl ihn `dstbhdhl ihn ta mb im`b ta pranuob ioouritb lrieeir
dh prafbssdahi` ihn bxie sdtuitdahs. Lrieeir ds i oarb fbiturb af
^gb L_B ds nbsdlhbn ta eatdvitb `birhbrs my eicdhl dt bisdbr ta
`birhdhl i `ihluilb ihn ]aineip rboalhdsbs tgds my ldvdhl dt i
nbeahstritb lrihu`ir pralrbss dh tgbdr `ihluilb imd`dty. ^biogbrs
obhtri` ra`b dh biog af tgb eidh `bssahs;
oih usb tgbdr chaw`bnlb af tgbdr stunbhts— L_B `bvb`s ta ogaasb
oaursb eitbrdi`s tgit irb prbodsb`y eitogbn ta imd`dty ihn `birhdhl ! Lrieeir ds dhtranuobn dh oahtbxt tgraulg sgart `dstbhdhl/
lai`s. ^gb L_B sbrvbs is i stihnirn ilidhst wgdog Bhl`dsg rbindhl tbxts sa tgit `birhbrs oih sbb tgb `ihluilb dh iotdah,
`ihluilb oaursbs ihn issbssebhts oih mb mbhogeircbn, ihn uhnbrstihn gaw ihn wgbh dt ds usbn.
a﬊brdhl i tru`y l`ami` ihn sgirbn uhnbrstihndhl af `ihluilb
! Lrieeir dtbes irb tgbh prbsbhtbn ihn priotdsbn usdhl i
pra﬉odbhoy `bvb`s.
‗ludnbn-ndsoavbry— ippraiog. @birhbrs stuny tgb pittbrhs af
i lrieeir padht ihn irb aftbh iscbn ta dnbhtdfy ispbots af
^biogbr Eippdhl Maac`bt ihn L_B ^aa`cdt ebihdhl ar fare my oaep`btdhl sdep`b bxbrodsbs ihn/ar ru`bs
ihn tim`bs.
Tau wd`` ﬉hn tgb L_B ^biogbr Eippdhl Maac`bt far ]aineip ah`dhb ! @ihluilb dtbes irb prbsbhtbn dh i oahodsb fare dh i Lrieeir
ah bhl`dsg.oae/raineip. ^gds maac`bt pravdnbs ih avbrvdbw af i``
max dh tgb eidh `bssah ihn i fu``br bxp`ihitdah af biog
tgb `birhdhl amkbotdvbs oavbrbn dh biog uhdt af ]aineip, `bssah
lrieeir padht ds pravdnbn dh tgb Lrieeir mihc it tgb mioc af
my `bssah.
tgb maac.
^gbsb L_B `birhdhl amkbotdvbs irb ah`y i sb`botdah frae tgb `irlbr
oa``botdah oahtidhbn wdtgdh tgb L_B. ^a bxp`arb inndtdahi`
! Biog lrieeir padht gis ahb ar twa oahtra``bn priotdob
rbsaurobs ta suppart stunbhts, tgbrb ds ih ah`dhb L_B ^biogbr bxbrodsbs p`us i frbbr pbrsahi`dsbn iotdvdty wgdog ds nbsdlhbn
^aa`cdt. ^gds sbirogim`b ah`dhb nitimisb ldvbs yau qudoc ihn bisy ta mb lbhudhb`y oaeeuhdoitdvb ihn ta affbr stunbhts tgb
ioobss ta tgb `birhdhl amkbotdvbs ihn lrieeir ihn vaoimu`iry appartuhdty ta siy saebtgdhl imaut tgbesb`vbs ar tgb tapdo.
rbsaurobs. Dt i`sa ldvbs yau ioobss ta L_B kam pra﬉`bs; =2: kam scd``s @birhbrs irb i`sa bhoaurilbn ta usb tgb `ihluilb tgby givb
eippbn ta L_B `birhdhl amkbotdvbs, bhim`dhl yau ta pdhpadht tgb `birhbn dh tgb fdhi` spbicdhl tisc.
spbod﬉o `ihluilb scd``s rbqudrbn far prafbssdahi` `birhbrs. ! ^gb Lrieeir mihc dh tgb _tunbhts— Maac, tgb \arcmaac
Far earb dhfareitdah p`bisb la ta bhl`dsg.oae/lsb. ihn eamd`b ipp givb inndtdahi` lrieeir priotdob bxbrodsbs.
^gbrb irb i`sa furtgbr pgataoapdim`b lrieeir iotdvdtdbs dh tgb
^biogbr—s Maac.

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