under test load when spaced 21/ 2 ft .

on centers than when spaced

31 / 2 ft . on centers . *

for
A spacing of 3 ft . 6 in . to 5 ft . on centers piles

is
friction

as
recommended practical answer While this will require larger

.
foundation caps the gain individual pile bearing capacities

in

in
,

-
can
great and the piles put down

be
the group the desired

to
is
grades driving

to
begin pile the center piles

of
on
better
is
It

a
.

group and work towards the edge this way avoiding great deal

in
,

a
center compaction Starting the edge makes the piles more
of

at
.
and more difficult drive and results one sided bearing group
to

in
,

, .
Close spacing results smaller bounding per meter the group

of
in
a

of
and often much more rapid settlement the structure than
in

would occur with group having larger bounding area but con
a

a
taining the same number piles procedure would
of
Such

a
m ight poor economy crowd the piles .
be

indicate that
to
it

.
by

rig
piles which can be driven day may
of

The number

in
a

a
by

be greatly reduced sometimes the harder driving through soil

compacted by driving the first pile footing group provided
in

,
a
tip

the later piles are

as
the same
driven grade the first pile
to

,
spacing may permit
be

which they should moderate increase

in
A
.

as
the later piles be driven about the same time the first pile
to

in

.
OF

ON

EFFECT GROUPING PILE BEARING VALUES FOR FRICTION PILES

Both theory and tests have shown that the total bearing value
of
a
of

of

group friction piles less than the product the bearing value
is

by

individual pile multiplied

an

piles the group

of

of

the number
in

It of .
value per pile depends the size and shape
on

The reduction
in

the pile group and size spacing and length the piles
of
,

.
be

grouping piles
of
no

should borne mind that reduction due

to
in

for

occurs when the piles are end bearing piles and that groups
,
, -
of

which partake both actions only the portion taken friction

is
in

reduced
.

assigning reduced bearing value group

of

of

One method
to
a

Mr
by

piles which was developed by

of

12

the use formula

is

V
.
.
.

Labarre and Professor Converse and which contained

is

in
F
.
J.
the

Building Code the Pacific Coast Building Officials

of

Uniform
by

Fig have been plotted

22

14

Conference The curves the

in
.

of

this formula should be observed that the lengths

of

use
It
.

piles not appear

do

distances embedded friction strata this

or

in

in

formula
.

Eng News vol July

74

76

1915
.p
,

,
8
*

.
83
[
]