SHRI MOUNI VIDYAPITH GARGOTI.

INSTITUTE OF CIVIL AND RURAL

ENGINEERING.
MURLIDHAR NAGAR GARGOTI-416209, DIST-KOLHAPUR
PHONE (02324)20069/20249 FAX-02324-20249

Capstone PROJRCT
REPORT ON solar tracking system

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC
&
TELECOMMUNICATION
(GOVT-AIDED)
YEAR (21-22)
 INSTITUTE OF CIVIL AND RURAL
ENGINEERING.
(Aided Wing)

Capstone Project Report On

Solar Tracking system
Capstone Project Team Members

Sr No. Name of Group Roll No

Members
1. Navjot Kamble 1

2. Vishal Patil 12

3. Mayur Sutar 14

4. Pranil Kamble 17

UNDER THE GUIDANCE

OF
Mr. Kadam sir
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC &
TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEER
 Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
(Autonomous) (ISO-9001-2008) (ISO/IEC 27001:2013)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that’s
1.Mayur Sutar 2. Vishal Patil 3. Navjot Kamble 4.Pranil
Kamble
of Diploma In Electronic & Telecommunication Engineering of Institute of Civil
and Rural Engineering Gargoti.(Code:0012) has completed Capstone projects of the
course Capstone Project planning as prescribed in the curriculum for the academic
year 2021to2022.
Place - Gargoti Enrollment No.
1900120022
1900120020
1800120072
2000120282

Date-
Course Incharge Head of Department
Mr. A.Kadam Sir Mr. A.Kadam Sir
Seal of Institute
Maharashtra State
 Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
(Autonomous) (ISO-9001-2008) (ISO/IEC 27001:2013)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that’s
Mr./Ms__________________________from___________Institute of
Civil and Rural Engineering having Enrolment No.________
___________from has completed project of final year having title
"Solar panel tracking system with 8051 Microcontroller” the
academic year 2021-2022. The project completed by individually/ in a
group consisting of four persons under the guidance of the Faculty
Guide.
Place-
Date-
Name of the Guide :______________
Signature of Guide :______________

DECLARATION
We Mayur,Vishal,Pranil and Navjyot hereby declare that the Capstone
Project Planning entitled "Solar Panel Tracking System With 8051
Microcontroller" submitted to the Institute of Civil And Rural
Engineering, Gargoti, in partial fulfillment of diploma in Electronics &
Telecommunications and Capstone Project Planning done by us during the
period from to under the supervision and guidance of Mr. A.P. Kadam.
Head Of Department, Department of Electronics And Telecommunication
Engineering, it has not copied or submitted with other similar title by any
candidate in any diploma collage.
Place: Gargoti
Date:
Signature of Candidates:
1) Mayur. M. Sutar
2) Vishal. B. Patil
3) Pranil. A. Kamble
4) Navjyot. R. Kamble

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We would like to take this opportunity to Express our sincere
thanks and gratitude to our collage Institute Of Civil And Rural
Engineering, Gargoti for all their guidance, inspiration, constructive
suggestions which help us in this project.
 The successful start of this project was made by their guidance
and cooperation. We also OWE our heartfelt gratitude and deep regard
towards our guide Mr. A. P. Kadam Sir for leading and directing us at
every stage of the Capstone Project. We would like to thank him for
valuable help through his crucial role throughout the course.

Last but not least we would like to thank all the people who
directly, indirectly helped and encourage us in completing our project
Planning effectively and timely.

Abstract
The generation of power from the reduction of fossil fuels is the biggest
challenge for the next half century. The idea of converting solar energy into
electrical energy using photovoltaic panels holds its place in the front row
compared to other renewable sources. But the continuous change in the
relative angle of the sun with reference to the earth reduces the watts
delivered by solar panel. In this context solar tracking system is the best
alternative to increase the efficiency of the photovoltaic panel. Solar trackers
move the payload towards the sun throughout the day. In this paper different
types of tracking systems are reviewed and their pros and cons are discussed
in detail. The results presented in this review confirm that the azimuth and
altitude dual axis tracking system is more efficient compared to other
tracking systems. However in cost and flexibility point of view single axis
tracking system is more feasible than dual axis tracking system.
KEYWORDS: Solar energy. Photovoltaic panel.

CONTENT

Sr. No. CONTENT PAGE NO.

1 TITAL PAGE

2 CERTIFICATE

3 DECLARATION

4 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
 5 ABSTRACT

6 INTRODUCTION

7 LITERATURE SURVEY

8 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

9 SOPE OF THE PROJECT

10 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

11 DETAILS OF DESIGNING , WORKING

AND PROCEDURE
12 RESULT AND APPLICATION

13 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

14 REFERENCES

Chapter 1
Introduction
In the global energy industry there is always the push for more
efficient energy production. Energy is required for a large applications
such as transportation, industrial applications, agricultural applications,
household requirements and office requirements. It can have many
forms like heat energy, electrical energy, chemical, energy nuclear
energy, light energy and so on. The relationship between social
development and use of energy is very clear; nations with more use of
energy are in more advanced state of development. The supply of
energy should be secure and sustainable as the use of energy has
become an integral part of our life.
Sun is the most abundant source of energy and one day it
could be the greatest luminous energy source. People commonly use
fossil fuels like oil, natural gas and coal for the need of electricity.
However, using fossil fuels as energy sources have negative impacts
like acid rain pollution and global warming which harmfully effect
many animals, plants and humans in the surroundings. Therefore solar
energy is considered best among all the energy resources as it is a
renewable resource and abundantly available. It gives an endless static
supply through the time. As solar energy is free from pollution it is
also known as a green source of energy .
Solar energy is obtained from sun in the form of light and heat. It is
replenish able and freely obtainable source of energy on earth and can
be converted into electricity using the photovoltaic cells. It is
sometimes called PV cells or solar cells. A photovoltaic cells use
sunlight and convert it directly to electricity leaving the environment
free from pollution. The maximum efficiency of solar panel is 24.5%.
Efficiency can be improved by enlarging the cell efficiency,
maximization of power output and by using a tracking system.
Solar tracking system is a device that orients a solar panel
according to the movement of sun for maximizing the intensity of
sunlight. It automatically changes its position when the intensity of
sunlight decreases. Solar tracker is designed in such a way that the
angle between the sunlight and solar panel is maintained around 90
degree at all the times. Using solar trackers electricity production can
be increased by around 40% when compared with fixed modules. This
tracking system can move a 180 degree of rotation. Therefore, solar
tracker is much superior then a stationary module
Reason behind select this project:
Nom We are in 21 th century , in this century human life style is
changed. In this century human development firstly with this
delopment required more power of electricity.Because
Human develop different types of machines and gadget. For working
and handle of this technology we have need of more electricity .For
solve this problem we are all also use solar tracking system .
 we are already now that the sun a powerful source of electricity. We
are need of electricity completed by using solar energy. There are
different types of solar system are used.
1.single axis
2.dual axis
3.photovaltaic
For flat-panel photovoltaic systems, trackers are used to minimize the
angle of incidence between the incoming sunlight and a photovoltaic
panel, sometimes known as the cosine error. Reducing this angle
increases the amount of energy produced from a fixed amount of
installed power generating capacity. In standard photovoltaic
applications, it was predicted in 2008-2009 that trackers could be used
in at least 85% of commercial installations greater than one megawatt
from 2009 to 2012.
As the pricing, reliability and performance of single-axis trackers have
improved, the systems have been installed in an increasing percentage
of utility-scale projects. According to data from Wood
Mackenzie/GTM Research, global solar tracker shipments hit a record
14.5 gigawatts in 2017. This represents growth of 32 percent year-
over-year, with similar or greater growth projected as large-scale solar
deployment accelerates.Therefor we are selected this project.
Chapter 2:
literature survey:
Before starting this project we will discuss on the literature survey on
this topic.
 Ayank Kumar Lokhande presented an automatic solar tracking
system. He designed a solar panel tracking system based on
microcontroller and observed that single axis tracker increases
efficiency by 30% compared to the fixed module.
 Guiha Li, Runsheng Tang, Hao Zhong investigated horizontal
single-axis tracked solar panels. They obtained result as eastwest
axis tracking was poor to improve the energy while tracking the
sun about south-north was best. The efficiency increased for east-
west axis was less than 8% whereas for south-north axis
increased by 10-24%.

 Imam Abdi, Adi Soeprijanto and Ali Musyafa designed fuzzy

logic based single axis solar tracker. They implement a fuzzy
 logic controller on ATMEGA 8051 microcontroller to improve
the power energy of PV panel. They found that the PV panel has
maximized and it exceeded upto 47% compared to the stationary
system.

 Asmarashid Ponniran developed an automatic solar tracking

system which tracks the intensity of light by keeping the solar
panel perpendicular to the sun in order to maximized power
energy. Besides, they also used DC geared motor with low speed
for omitting parameter of motor speed so that the panel focus
only in following the sun’s intensity. Therefore, the result
showed successful that maximum output power was tracked
regardless motor speed.

 In 2017, Chaitali Medhane, Tejas Gaidhani implemented a

microcontroller based dual axis model working on a solar panel.
Through this model, they observed that the solar panel extract
maximum power if the solar panel is aligned with the intensity of
light receiving from the sun. It improves the power output and
also precaution necessary for the system from rain and wind.
Chapter 3
Scope of this project:
Solar tracking system is the most prominent and is chosen as the
best alternative for obtaining maximum energy production in the
photovoltaic (PV) system. It tracks the sun and maintained the
solar panel perpendicular to the intensity of sun continuously. In
future, details of this paper will be useful in selecting a precise
tracker with regard to location, cost and space available. The
current work may be helpful in improving the model
characteristics and performances of different tracking systems.
My work ahead is designing a “solar tracking system by using
8051 microcontroller“ with using LDR sensor to predict the sun’s
apparent position.

To improve the sun tracking, a stand alone sun tracker can be

designed using 18 series PIC microcontroller. In 18 series PIC
microcontroller, data can be stored periodically in MMC
card .We need not to do it manually (no need of rotation).
Alignment can be varied changing with season. Moreover,
 concentrating type collectors are more efficient than flat plate
collectors. It can be used to increase efficiency.
Chapter 4:
Methodology:
 IMPLEMENTATION :-The project called “Automatic Solar
Tracking System” is produced through installation of the various
nitty-gritty such as solar panel which provides 12 volts as output,
and a motor driver – with IC L293D, two LDR sensor module, a
10 r.p.m. simple DC motor, a current sensor and a 9 V battery.

 Construction of the said project is being built out of the wooden

base installed at the ground of it, affixed with the iron rods on
both the sides in a cross-shaped manner connected with a hollow
cylindrical rod from both the sides and the DC motor is clinging
at one edge of the hollow rod. Three-fold sections into which the
circuit of the solar tracking system is divided. The input stage has
two LDR module that is so arranged to form a voltage divider
circuit, the microcontroller is programmed through the software
named Arduino ide being decked up in the system and lastly the
driving circuit that has the DC motor helps in rotating the solar
panel.