Expt. No.

INTEGRATOR AND DIFFERENTIATOR

AIM: To Design, construct and test the integrator and differentiator circuits using opamp.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Sl. No. Equipments and Components Required Range / Specification Quantity
1 Regulated Power Supply (0-30)V 1
2 CRO (0-20)MHz 1
3 Function Generator 1
4 IC 741 1
5 Resistors
6 Capacitors
6 Breadboard 1
7 Connecting wires As required

THEORY:
INTEGRATOR:
A circuit in which the output voltage waveform is the time integral of the input
voltage waveform is called integrator or integrating amplifier. Integrator produces a summing
action over a required time interval and the circuit is based on the general parallel-inverting
voltage feedback model. That is, the output waveform is the integral of the input waveform.
The output voltage of the integrator is given by,
1
V o (t )=−
R1 C f
∫ V i (t )dt

Design of the integrator:

i. The gain for the practical integrator is, (low frequency gain or the d.c. gain),
Rf
|A|=
R1
For achieving near ideal integration,
Rf
=10
R1
Rcomp = R1 || Rf
 ii. For proper integration, we must have the input frequency (f) > 10fa, where fa is the
low level or the break frequency of the practical integrator.
1
fa=
2 πR f C f
Assume Rf and Cf and calculate fa and then fix input frequency.
Circuit Diagram of an Integrator:

DIFFERENTIATOR:
The differentiator can perform the mathematical operation of differentiation, i.e. the
output voltage is the differentiation of the input voltage. This operation is very useful to find
the rate at which a signal varies with time. The output voltage is given by,
dV i
V o =−R f C 1
dt
Design of the Differentiator:
1
fa=
2 πRf C1
Choose fa=100 Hz and C1 =0 . 1 μF
Calculate Rf
f b =10 f a
1
f b=
2 πR1 C 1
Choose f b =1 KHz
Calculate R1
Rf C f =R1 C 1
R1 C 1
Cf =
Rf
Rcomp =R1||Rf
Circuit Diagram of Differentiator:

PROCEDURE:
i. Connect the differentiator circuit.
ii. Adjust the signal generator to produce a 1V peak for (a) Sine wave (b) Square wave
iii. Observe input and output waveforms on the oscilloscope.
iv. Measure and record the peak value of Vo and the phase angle of Vo versus Vi.
v. Connect the integrator circuit.
vi. Adjust the signal generator to produce a 1V peak for (a) Sine wave (b) Square wave
vii. Observe and record the input and the output waveforms.

TABULATION:
Sine Wave Input Square Wave Input
Circuit
f (Hz) Vin (volts) Vo (volts) f (Hz) Vin (volts) Vo (volts)
Integrator
Differentiator

MODEL GRAPH:

Integrator:
Differentiator:

RESULT:
Thus the integrator and differentiator circuits were designed, constructed and tested.