MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila

CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City

Telephone Number: (02) 516-7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)

Review MODULE – RCD Beams: Working Stress Design & Serviceability Requirements

419.2.3 MODULUS OF RUPTURE OF CONCRETE, 𝒇𝒓

419.2.3.1 Modulus of rupture, fr, for concrete shall be calculated by: where:
𝑓𝑟 = 0.62𝜆√𝑓𝑐′ (419.2.3.1) 𝐼𝑐𝑟 = Moment of inertia of cracked section transformed to concrete.
𝐼𝑒 = Effective moment of inertia for computation of deflection.
where the value of λ is in accordance with Section 419.2.4 (Lightweight Concrete) 𝐼𝑔 = Moment of inertia of gross concrete section about the centroidal axis,
neglecting reinforcement.
419.2.4 Lightweight Concrete 𝑀𝑐𝑟 = Cracking moment.
419.2.4.1 To account for the properties of lightweight concrete, a modification 𝑀𝑎 = Maximum moment in member at stage deflection is computed.
factor λ is used as a multiplier of √𝑓𝑐′ in all applicable provisions of this Code.
Cracking Moment, Mcr, is calculated by:
419.2.4.2 The value of λ shall be based on the composition of the aggregate in 𝑓𝑟 𝐼𝑔
the concrete mixture in accordance with Table 419.2.4.2 or as permitted in 𝑀𝑐𝑟 = (424.2.3.5b)
Section 419.2.4.3. 𝑦𝑡
where:
Table 419.2.4.2
Modification Factor 𝑦𝑡 = Distance from centroidal axis of gross section, neglecting reinforcement.
Concrete λ 424.2.3.6 For continuous one-way slabs and beams, Ie shall be permitted to be
All-lightweight 0.75 taken as the average of values obtained from Eq. 424.2.3.5a for the critical
Lightweight, fine blend 0.75 to 0.85 positive and negative moment sections.
Sand-lightweight 0.85
424.2.3.7 For prismatic one-way slabs and beams, Ie shall be permitted to be
Sand-lightweight, coarse blend 0.85 to 1.00
taken as the value obtained from Eq. 424.2.3.5a at mid-span for simple and
Normal-weight 1.00
continuous spans, and at the support for cantilevers.
419.2.4.3 If the measured average splitting tensile strength of lightweight
concrete, fct, is used to calculate λ, laboratory test shall be conducted in
accordance with ASTM C330M to establish the value of fct and the corresponding 424.2.4 CALCULATION OF TIME-DEPENDENT DEFLECTIONS
value of fcm and λ shall be calculated by: 424.2.4.1.1 Unless values from a more comprehensive analysis, additional time-
dependent deflection resulting from creep and shrinkage of flexural members
𝑓𝑐𝑡 shall be calculated as the product of the immediate deflection caused by the
𝜆= ≤ 1.0 (419.2.4.3)
0.56√𝑓𝑐𝑚 sustained load and the factor λΔ.
𝜉
The concrete mixture tested in order to calculate λ shall be representative of that 𝜆∆ = (424.2.4.1.1)
to be used in the Work. 1 + 50𝜌′

where: where:
𝑓𝑐𝑚 = measured average compressive strength of concrete, MPa. 𝜉 = Time-dependent factor for sustained load
𝜆 = Multiplier used for additional deflection due to long-term effects
424.2.3 CALCULATION OF IMMEDIATE DEFLECTIONS 424.2.4.1.2 In the equation above, 𝜌′ shall be calculated at mid-span for simple
424.2.3.1 Immediate deflections shall be calculated using methods or formulas and continuous spans, and at the support for cantilevers.
for elastic deformations, considering effects of cracking and reinforcement on 𝐴′𝑠
member stiffness. 𝜌′ = at midspan for simple and continuous span
𝑏𝑑
424.2.3.2 Effect of variation of cross-sectional properties, such as haunches, 𝐴𝑠
shall be considered when calculating deflections. 𝜌′ = for cantilever
𝑏𝑑
424.2.3.3 Deflections in two-way slab system shall be calculated taking into 424.2.4.1.3 In the equation above, values of the time dependent factor for
account size and shape of the panel, conditions of support, and nature of sustained load, ξ, shall be in accordance with Table 424.2.4.1.3 (shown below).
restraints at the panel edges.
Table 424.2.4.1.3
424.2.3.4 Modulus of elasticity, Ec, shall be permitted to be calculated in Time-Dependent Factor for Sustained Loads
accordance with section 419.2.2. Sustained Load Duration Time-Dependent factor, ξ
424.2.3.5 For non-prestressed members, effective moment of inertia, Ie, shall be 3 months 1.0
calculated by Eq. 424.2.3.5a (show below) unless obtained by a more 6 months 1.2
comprehensive analysis, but Ie shall not be greater than Ig. 12 months (1 year) 1.4
60 or more months (5 years) 2.0
𝑀𝑐𝑟 3 𝑀𝑐𝑟 3
𝐼𝑐𝑟 ≤ 𝐼𝑒 = ( ) 𝐼𝑔 + [1 − ( ) ] 𝐼𝑐𝑟 ≤ 𝐼𝑔 (424.2.3.5a)
𝑀𝑎 𝑀𝑎

Table 424.2.2
Maximum Permissible Calculated Deflections
Deflection
Member Condition Deflection to be Considered
Limitation
Flat roofs Immediate deflection due to maximum of Lr, S, and R l / 180
Not supporting or attached to nonstructural elements likely to
Floors be damaged by large deflections Immediate deflection due to L l / 360
Likely to be damaged by That part of the total deflection occurring after attachment of
large deflections
l / 480
Roof or Supporting or attached to nonstructural elements, which is the sum of the time-dependent
Floors non-structural elements Not likely to be damaged deflection due to all sustained loads and the immediate deflection
due to any additional live load
l / 240
by large deflections

𝜉 = Time-dependent factor for sustained load.

𝜆 = Multiplier for additional long-time deflection.
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516-7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)

SITUATION 1. A reinforced concrete beam 300mm x 500mm is

reinforced with 4–32mm Ø is simply supported over a span of 6m with
additional 2.5m overhang from the right support. Using steel cover of
75mm, f’c = 28MPa, fs = 138MPa. Let fc = 0.45f’c.

1. Check the adequacy of the beam if the uniform live load applied is
30kN/m over the simple span and 45kN/m over the overhang.

2. Determine the moment capacity of the beam.

3. Determine the mode of design.

SITUATION 2. T beam section with data listed below:

Width of flange = 600 mm, Thickness of flange = 80 mm
Width of web = 300 mm, Effective depth = 500 mm

It is reinforced with 3-32 mm diameter bars in tension and it is carrying a

100 kN-m moment. Use n = 9

4. Determine location of the neutral axis from the top.

14. Find the cracking moment, in kN-m.
5. Determine the cracked moment of inertia of the section, in 106 mm4.
15. How much uniform load can the joist safely carry (not including its
6. Find the total compressive force in the concrete own weight) if the cracking moment in the beam is 40 kN-m.

SITUATION 3. Given a beam with b = 300mm and h = 550mm. The beam
has a length of 8m and fixed at both ends. The beam is reinforced with 3
– 28mm at the tension side and 2 – 25mm at the compression side. Using
a steel cover of 70mm. f’c = 21MPa, fy = 276MPa. Use 24kN/m3 as unit
weight of concrete.
Super Imposed Deadload = 8kN/m,
Live load = 12kN/m
Using Alternate Design method:
16. If the joists are reinforced with 3-25 mm ø bars with their centroid
located at 435mm from the top determine the cracking moment (kN-
m) use modular ratio, n = 8.
SITUATION 6. A 350mm x 600m reinforced with 5 – 25mm steel bars
with steel cover of 70mm. Using f’c = 28MPa, fy = 276MPa. Unit weight
of concrete = 24kN/m3.

7. Determine the distance of the outermost compression fiber from the 17. Determine the effective moment of inertia of the beam which carries
neutral axis. a superimposed varying deadload of 10kN/m at the fixed end and 0
at the free end and a concentrated live load of 30kN acting at the tip
8. Determine the transformed moment of inertia with respect to the
of the 3m cantilever beam.
neutral axis.
18. Determine the immediate deflection of the beam.
9. Determine the actual stress of concrete at the midspan.

10. Determine the actual stress of tension steel at the midspan.
SITUATION 4: Assuming the concrete is uncracked, a simply supported
beam carries a concentrated load of 10kN at the midspan and a uniformly
distributed load of 10kN/m. The concrete has an f’ c of 27.6 MPa. Let L =
5m, b = 300mm, h = 500mm.
19. Determine the long term deflection if 50% of the live load will be
retained after 3 years.
SITUATION 7. A doubly reinforced beam b = 400mm, h = 600mm is used
as a simply supported beam. It is reinforced with 5 – 28mm at the tension
side and 3 – 28 mm at the compression side. Use 70mm steel cover.

11. Determine the flexural stress of the beam. Given:

fc'= 20.7 MPa L=8m
12. Determine the modulus of rupture. fy = 278 MPa wLL = 8 kN/m
𝛾𝑐 = 24 kN/m³ DL including self-weight = 7 kN/m
13. Determine the cracking moment
20. If the beam is attached to nonstructural elements NOT likely to be
SITUATION 5. Precast joists with typical section as shown are cast using damaged by large deflections, what is the permissible deflection of
a concrete strength, fc’ = 27.5MPa. The resulting tensile strength, ft = the beam?
2.75 MPa. The joists are to be simply supported on a span of 6m. Unit
weight of concrete = 23.5KN/m3 21. Compute the instantaneous deflection.
Given data: 22. Determine the long-term deflection if 50% of the LL will sustained
a=200mm c=150mm
for 5 year. (Check with the code requirement)
b=500mm d=200mm