INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 15242-4
Second edition
2017-08

Rolling bearings — Measuring

methods for vibration —
Part 4:
Radial cylindrical roller bearings with
cylindrical bore and outside surface
Roulements — Méthodes de mesurage des vibrations —
Partie 4: Roulements radiaux à rouleaux cylindriques, à alésage et
surface extérieure cylindriques

Reference number
ISO 15242-4:2017(E)

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ISO 15242-4:2017(E)

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 ISO 15242-4:2017(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .................................................. ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ............................. iv
Introduction .................................................. ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ....................... v
1 Scope .................................................. ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ...................... 1
2 Normative references .................................................. ................................................... ................................................... .............................. 1
3 Terms and definitions .................................................. ................................................... ................................................... ............................. 1
4 Measurement process .................................................. ................................................... ................................................... ............................. 1
4. 1 f
Ro tatio nal ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... ................. 1
requency

4.2 Bearing radial and axial loads .................................................. ................................................... ............................................... 2

5 Measurement and evaluation methods .................................................. ................................................... ................................... 2
5 .1 ................................................... ................................................... ................................................... 2
Phys ical quantity meas ured

5 .2 .................................................. ................................................... ................................................... ....................... 2

Frequency do main

5.3 Measurement of pulses and spikes .................................................. ................................................... ................................... 3

5.4 Measurement .................................................. ................................................... ................................................... .................................... 3
6 Conditions for measurement .................................................. ................................................... ................................................... ........... 3
6.1 Bearing conditions for measurement .................................................. ................................................... ............................. 3
6.1.1 Prelubricated bearings .................................................. ................................................... .......................................... 3
6.1.2 Non-prelubricated bearings .................................................. ................................................... .............................. 4
6.2 Conditions of the measurement environment .................................................. ................................................... ........ 4
6.3 Conditions for the measurement device .................................................. ................................................... ...................... 4
6.3.1 Stiffness of the spindle/mandrel arrangement .................................................. ................................... 4
6.3.2 Loading mechanism .................................................. ................................................... ................................................. 4
6.3.3 Magnitude and alignment of the external load applied to the bearing ............................. 4
6.3.4 Location of the transducer and direction of measurement .................................................. ...... 6
6.3.5 Mandrel .................................................. ................................................... ................................................... ............................ 9
Annex A (normative) Measurement of external radial loading alignment .................................................. .............. 10
Annex B (normative) Measurement of external axial loading alignment .................................................. ................. 11

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ISO 15242-4:2017(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work o f preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters o f
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
di fferent types o f ISO documents should be noted. This document was dra fted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some o f the elements o f this document may be the subject o f
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identi fying any or all such patent rights. Details o f
any patent rights identified during the development o f the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is in formation given for the convenience o f users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature o f standards, the meaning o f ISO specific terms and
expressions related to con formity assessment, as well as in formation about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso .org/iso/foreword .html .
This document was
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This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 15242-4:2007), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— editorial changes have been made for clarification and removal o f inconsistencies
— figure keys have been updated for clarification
A list of all the parts in the ISO 15242 series can be found on the ISO website.

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 ISO 15242-4:2017(E)

Introduction
Vibration in rotating rolling bearings can be of importance as an operating characteristic of such
bearings. The vibration can a ffect the per formance o f the mechanical system incorporating the bearing
and can result in audible noise when the vibration is transmitted to the environment in which the
mechanical system operates, can lead to damages, and can even create health problems.
Vibration o f rotating rolling bearings is a complex physical phenomenon dependent on the conditions
of operation. Measuring the vibration of an individual bearing under a certain set of conditions does
not necessarily characterize the vibration under a di fferent set o f conditions or when the bearing
becomes part o f a larger assembly. Assessment o f the audible sound generated by the mechanical
system incorporating the bearing is further complicated by the influence o f the inter face conditions,
the location and orientation o f the sensing device, and the acoustical environment in which the system
operates. Assessment o f airborne noise that, for the purpose o f ISO 15242 (all parts), can be defined
as any disagreeable and undesired sound, is further complicated by the subjective nature o f the terms
disagreeable and undesired . Structure-borne vibration can be considered the driving mechanism that
ultimately results in the generation o f airborne noise. Only selected methods for the measurement o f
the structure-borne vibration of rotating rolling bearings are addressed in the current edition of all
parts of ISO 15242.
Vibration o f rotating rolling bearings can be assessed by a number o f means using various types o f
transducers and measurement conditions. No simple set of values characterizing the vibration of
a bearing is adequate for the evaluation o f the vibratory per formance in all possible applications.
Ultimately, a knowledge o f the type o f bearing, its application and the purpose o f the vibration
measurement (e.g. as a manu facturing process diagnostic or an assessment o f the product quality) is
required to select the most suitable method for measuring. The field o f application for standards on
bearing vibration is, therefore, not universal. However, certain methods have established a wide enough
level of application to be considered as standard methods.
This document serves to define the detailed method for assessing vibration o f single-row and double-
row radial cylindrical roller bearings with cylindrical bore and outside sur face on a measuring device.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15242-4:2017(E)

Rolling bearings — Measuring methods for vibration —

Part 4:
Radial cylindrical roller bearings with cylindrical bore and
outside surface
1 Scope
T h i s do c u ment s p e c i fie s vibration me a s uri ng me tho d s for s i ngle -row a nd double -row rad ia l c yl i nd rica l

rol ler b e a ri ngs with c yl i nd ric a l b ore a nd outs ide s ur face, u nder e s tabl i she d me a s urement cond ition s .

2 Normative references
T he fol lowi ng do c uments a re re ferre d to i n the te x t i n s uch a way that s ome or a l l o f thei r content

con s titute s re qu i rements o f th i s do c u ment. For date d re ference s , on ly the e d ition cite d appl ie s . For

u ndate d re ference s , the late s t e d ition o f the re ference d do c ument (i nclud i ng a ny amend ments) appl ie s .

ISO 286-2, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes —
Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance classes and limit deviations for holes and shafts
ISO 1132-1, Rolling bearings — Tolerances — Part 1: Terms and definitions
ISO 2041, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring — Vocabulary
ISO 5593, Rolling bearings — Vocabulary
ISO 15242-1:2015, Rolling bearings — Measuring methods for vibration — Part 1: Fundamentals
3 Terms and definitions
For the pu rp o s es o f th i s do c u ment, the term s and defi n ition s given i n I S O 11 3 2 -1 , I S O 2 0 41 , I S O 5 5 9 3

and I S O 1 5 2 42 -1 apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso .org/obp
4 Measurement process
4.1 Rotational frequency
T he de fau lt ro tationa l fre quenc y (30 s ) for bearings with outside diameter up to
sh a l l b e 1 8 0 0 m i n −1 −1

100 mm and 900 min (15 s ) for outside diameters larger than 100 mm up to 200 mm. The tolerance
−1 −1

shall be +−12 f % o f
the nom i na l ro tationa l re quenc y.

O ther ro tationa l fre quencies and tolerance s may b e u s ed by agre ement b e twe en the manu fac turer and

the cu s tomer; e . g. it may b e ne ces s ar y to u s e a h igher ro tationa l fre quenc y for b e ari ngs i n the s ma l ler-

s i ze range in order to ob tai n an ade quate vibration s igna l . C onvers ely, it may b e nece s s ar y to u s e a lower

ro tationa l fre quenc y for b e ari ngs i n the larger s i z e range to avoid p o s s ible rol ler and raceway damage.

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ISO 15242-4:2017(E)

4.2 Bearing radial and axial loads

T he b e ari ng lo ad s ha l l b e i n the rad i a l d i re c tion with de fau lt va lue s as s p e ci fie d i n Table 1.
O ther rad i a l lo ad s and tolerance s may be used by agre ement b e twe en the manu fac tu rer and the

c us tomer, e . g. dep end i ng on b e ari ng de s ign, ro tationa l fre quenc y a nd lubric a nt used. It may be

ne ce s s a r y to u s e a h igher lo ad to prevent rol ler/raceway sl ip, or a lower lo ad to avoid p o s s ible rol ler, rib

and raceway da mage .

For bearings capable of taking axial load, an axial load of up to 30 N shall be applied on the outer ring to
ensure a stable operation.
f
T he me tho d o 6.3.3.
applyi ng the rad i a l a nd a xi a l lo ad s i s de s crib e d i n

NOTE Default values for radial loads are resultant values. Actual values depend on load angle used (see
Figure 3).
Table 1 — Default values for bearing radial load
Single-row radial cylindrical Double-row radial cylindrical
Bearing outside diameter
roller bearings roller bearings
D
Default values for bearing radial load
> ≤ min. max. min. max.
mm N N
30 50 135 165 165 195
50 70 165 195 225 275
70 100 225 275 315 385
100 140 FREE standards
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140 170 430 520 565 685
170 200 565 685 720 880

5 Measurement and evaluation methods

5.1 Physical quantity measured

T he de fau lt phys ic a l quantity to b e me a s ure d i s ro o t me a n s quare vibration velo city, ν rms (µm/s), in the
radial direction.
5.2 Frequency domain
T he vibration velo c ity s ha l l b e ana lys e d i n one or more b and s with de fau lt fre quenc y ra nge s as s p e ci fie d

in Table 2.
O ther fre quenc y range s may b e con s idere d b y agre ement b e twe en the manu fac tu rer a nd the c u s tomer

i n tho s e i n s tances where s p e ci fic range s have gre ater i mp or tance to s ucce s s fu l op eration o f the b e ari ng.

C om mon ly u s e d example s are l i s te d i n Table 3.

C ha ngi ng the fre quenc y o f ro tation s hou ld a lways come a long with a prop or tiona l change o f the fi lter

frequencies and acceptance limits and minimum measuring time. Examples are given in Table 3.
Narrow b and s p e c tra l a na lys i s o f the vibration s igna l may b e con s idere d a s a s upplementar y op tion .

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 ISO 15242-4:2017(E)

Table 2 — Default frequency ranges

Rotational frequency Low band (L) Medium band (M) High band (H)
Nominal band frequencies
nominal min. max. flow fupp flow fupp flow fupp
min −1 Hz Hz Hz
900 882 909 25 150 150 900 900 5 000
1 800 1 764 1 818 50 300 300 1 800 1 800 10 000
Table 3 — Examples of frequency ranges for non-default rotational frequencies
Rotational frequency Low band (L) Medium band (M) High band (H)
Nominal band frequencies
nominal min. max. flow fupp flow fupp flow fupp
min −1 Hz Hz Hz
3 600 3 528 3 636 100 600 600 3 600 3 600 20 000
700 a 686 707 20 120 120 700 700 4 000
a In case of 700 min −1 , cut-o ff frequencies are rounded (not according to exact relation o f the rotational frequency).

5.3 Measurement of pulses and spikes

Detection o f pulses or spikes in the time domain velocity signal, usually due to sur face de fects
and/or contamination in the measured bearing, may be considered as a supplementary option. Various
evaluation methods exist.
5.4 Measurement
Single-row and double-row radial cylindrical roller bearings shall be measured with the radial load
applied in a radial direction on the stationary ring and perpendicular to the inner ring axis. An axial
load may be necessary to ensure stable operation. I f the axial load is used, it is applied from one side
o f the stationary ring. For double-row radial cylindrical roller bearings, the measurement should be
repeated, i f the design allows, with the axial load on the other side o f the stationary ring.
In case o f two inner or outer rings, they need to be clamped together to ensure repeatability.
For diagnostic purposes, per forming multiple measurements with the stationary ring in di fferent
angular positions relative to the transducer is appropriate.
For acceptance o f the bearing, the highest vibration reading for the appropriate frequency band shall be
within the limits mutually agreed between the manu facturer and the customer.
Measurement duration shall be in accordance with ISO 15242-1:2015, 6.5.
6 Conditions for measurement
6.1 Bearing conditions for measurement
6.1.1 Prelubricated bearings
Prelubricated (greased, oiled or solid lubricated) bearings, including sealed and shielded types, shall be
measured in the as-delivered condition.

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ISO 15242-4:2017(E)

6.1.2 Non-prelubricated bearings

Since contamination a ffects vibration, the bearings shall be e ffectively cleaned, taking care not to
introduce contamination or other sources of vibration.
NOTE Some preservatives meet the lubrication requirements for vibration measuring. In this case, it is not
necessary to remove the preservative.
Non-prelubricated bearings shall be adequately lubricated with fine filtered oil, typically having a
kinematic viscosity in the range o f 10 mm 2 /s to 100 mm 2 /s, appropriate to bearing type and size.
The lubrication procedure shall include some running-in to achieve homogeneous distribution of the
lubricant within the bearing.
6.2 Conditions of the measurement environment
The bearings shall be measured in an environment that does not influence the bearing vibration.

6.3 Conditions for the measurement device

6.3.1 Stiffness of the spindle/mandrel arrangement

The spindle (including the mandrel) used to hold and drive the bearing shall be so constructed that,
except for transmission o f rotary motion, it represents a rigid re ference system for the rotating axis.
The transmission of vibration between the spindle/mandrel arrangement and the bearing in the
requency band used shall be negligible by comparison to the velocities measured.
f

6.3.2 Loading mechanism

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The loading system used to apply load to the measured ring shall be so constructed that it leaves the
ring essentially free to vibrate in all radial, axial, angular or flexural modes according to the bearing
type, as long as it allows normal bearing operations.

6.3.3 Magnitude and alignment of the external load applied to the bearing
A constant external radial load o f the magnitude specified in 4.2 together with the recommended axial
load, i f applicable, shall be applied to the stationary ring.
The distortion o f the bearing rings, caused by contact with elements o f the mechanical unit, shall be
negligible in comparison to the inherent geometrical accuracy o f the measured bearing.
The position o f the externally applied radial load shall coincide with the middle o f the outer ring width.
The direction o f the externally applied radial load shall coincide with the axis perpendicular to the
spindle axis of rotation. The position and the direction shall be within the limits given in Figure 1 and
Table 4. The measurement shall be as described in Annex A.
The position and direction o f the externally applied axial load shall coincide with the spindle axis o f
rotation within the limits given in Figure 2 and Table 5. The measurement shall be as described in
Annex B.

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 ISO 15242-4:2017(E)

Key
a In any direction.

Figure 1 — Radial load direction deviation in relation to direction and axial position

Table 4 — Values for radial load direction deviation in relation to direction and axial position
Axial deviation Angular deviation from
Outer ring width from the middle of the axis perpendicular
the outer ring width to the spindle axis
C H2 β2
> ≤ max. max.
mm mm °
10 20 0,3
20 40 0,5 1
40 70 1

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ISO 15242-4:2017(E)

a a

βc
Hc

b b

Key
a Axis o f externally applied axial load.
b Axis of bearing inner ring rotation.
c Radial and angular deviation of axis of applied axial load from axis of bearing inner ring rotation (see Table 5).

Figure 2 — Axial load axis deviation in relation to axis of bearing inner ring rotation

Table 5 — Values for axial load axis deviation in relation to axis of bearing inner ring rotation
Bearing outside Radial deviation Angular deviation
diameter from axis of bearing from axis of bearing
D inner ring rotation inner ring rotation
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> ≤ max. max.
mm mm °
30 50 0,4
50 70 0,6
70 100 0,8 0,5
100 140 1,6
140 170 2,0
170 200 2,5
6.3.4 Location of the transducer and direction of measurement
The transducer shall be placed and orientated as follows:
Default axial location: On the sur face o f the stationary ring in the plane corresponding to the middle
o f the loaded stationary ring raceway/roller contacts (for stationary outer ring, see Figure 3). The
manu facturer shall supply this data.
Alternative axial location: On the sur face o f the stationary ring in the plane corresponding to the
middle o f the stationary ring (for stationary outer ring, see Figure 4).
Default angular location: On the sur face o f the stationary ring in the plane corresponding to the
direction o f the resultant radial load (for stationary outer ring, see Figure 3).
The radial loads shall be applied in a manner that can be resolved into a single radial load as shown in
Table 1.

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 ISO 15242-4:2017(E)

Key
a Transducer location and direction.
b Applied radial load.
c Axial load (i f any) direction.
d Resultant of applied radial loads (see Table 1).
NOTE Other rib configurations can be measured in a manner agreed between manu facturer and customer.

Figure 3 — Vibration measurement — Default transducer location

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ISO 15242-4:2017(E)

a, b

Key
a Transducer location and direction.
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b Applied radial load.
c Axial load (i f any) direction.

Figure 4 — Vibration measurement — Alternative transducer location

Once the transducer position is determined, the maximum permissible axial and angular deviations are
as follows:
Axial location:
— For outside diameter D ≤ 70 mm: ±0,5 mm.
— For outside diameter D > 70 mm: ±1,0 mm.
Angular location:
— For all outside diameters: ±5°.
Direction: Perpendicular to the axis of rotation (see Figure 5). The deviation from a radial axis shall
not exceed 5° in any direction.

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 ISO 15242-4:2017(E)

a
≤5°

Figure 5 — Deviation from radial axis

Key
a I n any directio n.

6.3.5 Mandrel
T he c yl i nd ric a l s u r face o f the mand rel, on wh ich the i n ner ri ng o f the b e ari ng i s mou nte d, s ha l l have an

outside diameter to tolerance class f5, in accordance with ISO 286-2, with minimal geometric errors.
T h i s wi l l en s ure a sl id i ng fit i n the b e a ri ng b ore .

T he rad i a l and a xi a l ru n- out s ha l l b e control le d s o that it do es no t i n fluence the me a s u rement. Ru n- out

can be measured using the setup given in ISO 15242-1:2015, Annex C.

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ISO 15242-4:2017(E)

Annex A
(normative)
Measurement of external radial loading alignment

The alignment of radial loading tools shall be measured using a dial indicator, which is moved to two
radial distances, mounted on a precision bar attached to the spindle shaft and perpendicular to the
spindle axis (see Figure A.1 ) . T he d i a l i nd ic ator s ha l l b e s e t to zero i n the fi rs t p o s ition .

The measured reading deviation from the dial indicator shall be recalculated to an angle, to enable
comparison with the limits given in Table 4. The measurement shall be carried out on both loading tools.

6
5 1

3
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Key
1 dial indicator in position 1
2 dial indicator in position 2
3 precision piston attached to spindle shaft 6
4 p recis io n b ar, p erp endicularly mo unted o n p recis io n p is to n 3

5 spindle
6 spindle shaft
7 radial loading tool
Figure A.1 — Measurement: external radial loading alignment

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 ISO 15242-4:2017(E)

Annex B
(normative)
Measurement of external axial loading alignment

The displacement of the loading tool shall be measured using two dial indicators, with an axial distance
between them, mounted on a bar attached to the spindle shaft (see Figure B.1). The spindle shaft shall
b e ro tate d slowly and the d ia l i nd icators s ha l l me as u re the rad i a l r un- out o f the lo ad i ng pi s ton .

The measured radial run-out from the two dial indicators shall be corrected to the test bearing axial
position, to enable comparison with the limits given in Table 5.

Key
1 dial indicator
2 dial indicator
3 bar for mounting dial indicators
4 spindle shaft
5 loading tool
Figure B.1 — Measurement: external axial loading alignment

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