LC material properties

&
Chemical structure

Lecture # 2

What are Liquid crystals ?

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 Order Parameter (S)
S (秩序參數) is defined to specify the amount of the
orientational order in LC
1
S 3 cos 2   1
2

   
f ( ) 12 (3 cos 2   1) d 
 f ( ) d 



 2
 2
0 f ( ) 12 (3 cos   1) sin  d  0 d 
 2
0 f ( ) sin  d  0 d 



3 2

1 f ( ) 2 x  12 dx
1

when x=cos
1
1 f (  ) dx

Perfect order :  S=1

Isotropic : f()=1, S=0

When f()=cos2S=? 5

S↓ as temperature ↑
Crystal :S=1
Liquid crystal :S=~0.3-0.8
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Isotropic crystal :S=0
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Unlike ordinary isotropic materials, the observed

physical and optical properties of LC materials are
dependent on “orientation”
Molecular reorientation induced by electromagnetic
and optical fields can produce large effects 8

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 Discovery of Liquid Crystals

(安息香酸膽固醇)

In 1889, Gatterman and Ritschke synthesized the

firstliquid crystals not derived fromnatural products 10

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液晶的分類
以產生相變之原因來區分

1) Thermotropic (熱致液晶) 因溫度的改變而產生相變

2) Lyotropic (溶致液晶) 因溶於溶劑中濃度比例的改變而產生相變

3) Polymeric 化合物

分子形狀 排列方式

1. Nematic
a) 長條狀 2. Cholesteric
3. Smectic
Thermotropic
(熱致液晶)
1. Columnar
b) 圓盤狀
2. Nematic 12

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(rod-like)長條狀

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Typical Liquid Crystal Structure - rod like

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Summary of Liquid Crystals

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