EXIM - GA - Group 4

Export Import Management
Group Assignment
Submitted To: Professor Pawan Kumar Chugan
Topic: Export Potential of Brass Alloys & Products

Submitted By: Group 2
Anant Bhandari 204105
Apurva Shah 204109
Neel Patel 204137
Smeet Patel 204154
Date: 17th March 2022
Batch: 2020-22(MBA, FB&E)
1
Product: 74072110 - BARS OF BRASS
There are varieties of products available
under the alloy of Brass which is made
up of Copper and Zinc and the quality of
it depends on the proportion it is been
added into. This is related to chapter 74
found in World Customs Organization.
The SECTION XV includes BASE
METALS AND ARTICLES OF BASE
METAL. The basic difference between
rods and brass is a bar is the material which has a circular cross
section which surface have unevenness or the bonding grip for
concrete. A rod is the material which is even surface circular cross
section.
The shapes and sizes are variety and the HSN code which stands for
Harmonized System of Nomenclature
code is 74072110. As we can see from
the image that the sizes are depended
upon the purpose and the
requirements.
Jamnagar is the world’s largest
country where the products of brass
are manufactured the most. The basic
scale we take here is tons but in the
foreign terms it is measured in thousands and the total exports for the
year 2020-2021 is 3,372.99 (Values in Rs. Lacs) while for the year
2021-2022(Apr-Jan) is 8,319.46 which is a drastic jump as compared
between both the years. So, primarily we can say that, covid-19
impact is still getting low and the jump is still going on.
2
Department of Commerce
Export Import Data Bank
Export:: Commodity-wise all countries
Commodity: 74072110 BARS OF BRASS Unit: KGS

S.No Values in Quantity in
Country
. Rs. Lacs thousands
2021-2022 %Growt 2020- 2021-2022 %Growt
2020-2021
(Apr-Jan) h 2021 (Apr-Jan) h
1 AUSTRALIA 543.08 750.02 136.79 137.57
2 BAHARAIN IS 2.84 27.98 0.52 4.03
3 BANGLADESH 3.14 0.62
PR
4 BHUTAN 1.38 1.15 0.16 0.11
5 CANADA 3.63 1
6 TAIWAN 2.58 6.19 0.15 0.25
7 CHINA P RP 244.19 1,010.12 76 236.12
8 EGYPT A RP 1.19 0.02 0.21 0.13
9 ETHIOPIA 0.25 0.07
10 FRANCE 59.44 79.4 4.8 11.4
11 GEORGIA 0.22 0
12 GERMANY 4.14 4.21 1.07 0.53
13 INDONESIA 0.45 0.08
14 ITALY 4.08 0.6
15 JAPAN 0.01
16 KENYA 1.65 2.07
17 KUWAIT 46.81 16.14 9.51 2.39
18 MALAYSIA 24.54 28.46 5.41 5.09
19 MAURITIUS 1.35 0.24
20 MOZAMBIQUE 10.64 1.17
21 NEPAL 1.02 3.73 0.23 0.31
22 NETHERLAND 4.91 0.81
23 OMAN 4.9 10.58 2.12 1.62
24 POLAND 12.3 2.98
25 QATAR 4.96 1.22 1.98 0.16
26 RUSSIA 1.77 0.4
27 SAUDI ARAB 71.87 15.03 13.33 1.05
28 SINGAPORE 1.07 0.18
29 SPAIN 30.03 5.07
30 SRI LANKA DSR 16.59 89.53 3.65 14.92
31 TANZANIA REP 0.07 2.54 0.01 0.27
32 THAILAND 0.02 0
33 TURKEY 0.1 0
34 UGANDA 0.9 0.2
35 U ARAB EMTS 164.63 387.24 47.57 78.87
36 UK 0.56 79.91 0 14.13
37 USA 2,147.26 5,754.27 462.84 891.07
3
38 YEMEN 0.47 0.1
REPUBLC
39 CONGO D. REP. 0.16 0.04
40 ZAMBIA 2.3 1.18 1 0.09
41 ZIMBABWE 2 0.28
Total 3,372.99 8,319.46
India's Total 21,59,04,32 25,28,47,897.8
2.13 6
%Share 0.0016 0.0033
DOC-NIC
The above-mentioned table shows the exports commodity wise for all
the countries through-out the year for Product: 74072110 - BARS OF
BRASS.
Top 5-6 Countries:
1. U.S.A.
Export: Commodity x Country - wise
Commodity: 74072110 BARS OF BRASS

Country: U S A
S.No. Year 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022
1 Values in Rs. Lacs 4,144.00 4,442.86 3,586.01 2,147.26 5,754.27
2 %Growth 7.21 -19.29 -40.12 167.98
3 Total export of commodity 4,736.45 5,526.07 4,566.86 3,372.99 8,319.46
4 %Growth 16.67 -17.36 -26.14 146.65
5 %Share of country (1 of 3) 87.49 80.4 78.52 63.66 69.17
6 Total export to country 3,08,60,269.10 3,66,48,039.35 3,76,16,554.11 3,81,84,452.93 4,62,81,786.74
7 %Growth 18.75 2.64 1.51 21.21
%Share of commodity (1 of
8 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
6)
DOC-NIC
2. Australia
4

Country: AUSTRALIA
S.No
\Year 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022
.
1 Values in Rs. Lacs 376.33 309.15 425.35 543.08 750.02
2 %Growth -17.85 37.59 27.68 38.11
4 %Growth 16.67 -17.36 -26.14 146.65
25,85,652.4 24,56,008.9 20,19,788.6 29,92,763.8 47,11,895.9
6 Total export to country
9 9 6 7 5
7 %Growth -5.01 -17.76 48.17 57.44
8 %Share of commodity (1 of 6) 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02
DOC-NIC
3. China

Country: CHINA P RP
S.No
\Year 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022
.
1 Values in Rs. Lacs 31.06 54.78 25.29 244.19 1,010.12
2 %Growth 76.35 -53.83 865.63 313.67
4 %Growth 16.67 -17.36 -26.14 146.65
85,99,429.9 1,17,28,910.9 1,17,67,331.4 1,57,20,159.0 1,36,56,129.7
6 0 8 4 0
7 %Growth 36.39 0.33 33.59 -13.13
8 0 0 0 0 0.01
6)
DOC-NIC
5
4. U.A.E

Country: U ARAB EMTS
S.No
\Year 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022
.
1 Values in Rs. Lacs 4.42 40.59 262.67 164.63 387.24
2 %Growth 818.65 547.17 -37.33 135.22
4 %Growth 16.67 -17.36 -26.14 146.65
1,81,45,692.7 2,10,21,093.3 2,04,23,782.2 1,23,33,391.8 1,66,13,105.9
4 2 2 2 5
7 %Growth 15.85 -2.84 -39.61 34.7
8 0 0 0 0 0
6)
DOC-NIC
5. Saudi Arab

Country: SAUDI ARAB
S.No
\Year 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022
.
1 Values in Rs. Lacs 1.92 58.91 106.02 71.87 15.03
2 %Growth 2,966.80 79.96 -32.21 -79.08
4 %Growth 16.67 -17.36 -26.14 146.65
34,86,798.0 38,85,424.4 44,26,685.9 43,35,888.5 53,19,644.2
1 5 7 6 5
7 %Growth 11.43 13.93 -2.05 22.69
8 0 0 0 0 0
6)
6
DOC-NIC
6. France

Country: FRANCE
S.No
\Year 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022
.
1 Values in Rs. Lacs 0.83 1.02 3.95 59.44 79.4
2 %Growth 22.54 288.49 1,403.21 33.57
4 %Growth 16.67 -17.36 -26.14 146.65
31,58,610.3 36,57,423.2 36,11,160.0 35,32,921.7 36,48,595.9
9 9 7 8 9
7 %Growth 15.79 -1.26 -2.17 3.27
8 0 0 0 0 0
6)
DOC-NIC
7
Model: SAHIB GE (General Factors)
We know that the model SAHIB GE focuses on the general factors
roaming around in the export market research. This will help us
identify the perfect location for exporting our products in the context
of the brass industry which is very popular worldwide and the reasons
for the same are mentioned above in the report.
S - Stability: Political, Economic, Currency
From the report, we can easily identify the most stable country in
terms of political relations, economic stability, and the third-factor
currency is the United States of America followed by China and the
United Arab Emirates. This list can be prolonged by HK, Bangladesh,
and Singapore. But talking just Mia in terms of the export values as
per the past that is China's 10th first among all which is drastically use
figure. Connecting this to the brass industry, China and USA are
against and first among the industry which is quite similar and
favorable for the industry overall.
Crude petroleum, gold, pearls, precious stones, petroleum products,
Telecom instruments, electronic components, industrial machinery,
electronic components, Animal/vegetable fats, oils, waxes, Plastics,
plastic articles, and medical apparatus are the most products exported
by India.
A - Accessibility (barriers)
This step here looks at the accessible places which are most relieved
from the barriers of trade export and import. There are many countries
that have drastically reduced their rate and are open to trade thus
reducing the barriers. Lowering trade barriers has helped emerging
markets boost their economic growth and even compete with
advanced economies that have long been global trading hubs:
8
1. Singapore
2. Hong Kong
3. Netherlands
4. New Zealand
5. Finland
6. United Kingdom
7. Switzerland
8. Chile
9. Sweden
10. Germany
There are also some countries which are having the highest trade
barriers which should be avoided may it be high tariffs or any other
thing. Those countries are mentioned as under:
 Bermuda
 Belize
 Gambia
 Djibouti0
 Bahamas
9
This map also shows the rate of tariff for global Trading which gives
an easy idea for the whole world.
H - Hub: Ability to serve as hub
This stage will focus on the
ability to serve as a hub may it
be an Indian or a foreign
Nation. But here we will
primarily look at our country
and move forward to the
foreign country in a phased
manner. As we know that
there are many industrial hubs
in India that are declared by
the government of India itself
like Jamnagar for the
manufacturing of brass is a big
hub for the brass industry. Also, in countries like India governments
are trying to evolve the export and import industry and are trying to
convert districts into industrial hubs so that GDP and overall growth
increases.
I - Infrastructural facilities, Incentives (Tax)
Well, India is trying to increase their infrastructural facilities for
exporters and importers so that they can gain the maximum out of a
single trade and they are trying to change an incentive wise in terms
of tax policies and many other proportions so that the traders can get
benefit through the schemes.
10
EXPORT INFRASTRUCTURE:
a) Export Oriented Units (EOUs), Electronics Hardware
Technology Parks (EHTPs), Software Technology Parks (STPs)
& Bio-Technology Parks (BTPs)
b) SEZ Scheme
c) Trade Infrastructure for Export Scheme (TIES)
Because Indian exporters incur significant processing costs,
improving trade facilitation measures is a top priority for the
government. For example, the average logistics expenses in India are
around 15%, while they are around 8% in wealthy countries.
TIES was established by the Department for the purpose of
establishing and upgrading infrastructure projects with significant
export linkages, such as Border Haats, Land customs stations, quality
testing and certification labs, cold chains, trade promotion centers, dry
ports, export warehousing and packaging, SEZs, and ports/airport
cargo terminals.
The scheme's goal is to improve export competitiveness by filling up
gaps in export infrastructure, focusing export infrastructure, providing
first-mile and last-mile connections for export-oriented projects, and
addressing quality and certification issues. Agencies at the federal and
state levels
B- Bureaucracy
Bureaucracy means the system of official rules that an organization
has for doing something but sometimes people think it is too
complicated just because they are not aware of the fact. In India, the
government is this organization to sets of rules and regulations for
successful Global exports and imports and most of them are covered
in foreign trade policies. Well, obviously it will be complicated
because it's not as easy as compared to any domestic or a local trend
as it needs to be exported or imported from other corners of the world.
11
G - Government Policy and Regulations
Well, the government is always promoting Global trade in terms of
regulations in made policies keeping that in mind. For example, the
Export Import Policy or better known as Exim Policy is a set of
guidelines and instructions related to the import and export of goods.
The Government of India notifies the Exim Policy for a period of five
years (2017 2022) under Section 5 of the Foreign Trade
(Development and Regulation Act), 1992.
If one finds that the policies are not as per requirement, he always
needs to figure it out on his own or by taking someone's help as he
needs to pass on the barrier and how to start Global trade. But as per
the reports, the government has always been responsive and favorable
for their citizens of India, and as we can see from the brass industry
reports for the Exports, they are quite big and conclude that there is
nothing that can stop a good will.
E - Ethnic Factors
Ethnic factors are factors relating to races or large populations
grouped according. to common traits and customs. Note that this
definition gives ethnicity, by virtue of its. cultural as well as genetic
implications, a broader meaning than racial.
Cross-cultural, cross-country business and trade is more challenging
than knowing how to welcome a possible business partner since
culture operates on multiple levels. Learning these nuances is
increasingly important as the globe grows more globalized and
international trade becomes more sensitive to cultural expressions.
Culture can be broadly separated into four levels:
i. National Culture.
ii. Industry Culture.
12
iii. Company Culture.
iv. Individual Behavior.
Well in a country like India, people need to be very careful as India is
a democratic and very religious country having many religions in a
single place. So, citizens of India need to take ethnic factors into very
much consideration so that there is no potential fear of anything due
to these factors.
How to Pick a Market

(Preliminary Screening)
Following factors should be considered while picking a country:
1. Political embargo on exports should be straight away excluded
13
Political embargo means an official order to stop doing business
with another country which needs to be stopped and excluded right
away. Embargoes prevent certain items from being traded or
exchanged with a specific country. An embargo is a government
order that bans trade or the exchange of particular items with a
specific country. Embargoes are frequently imposed as a result of
adverse political or economic conditions between countries. Its
purpose is to isolate a country and make life difficult for its
government, pushing it to address the issue that prompted the
embargo.
 They are typically formed as a result of bad political or

economic conditions between countries.
 Embargoes can have serious economic effects for the affected
country.
 Trade embargoes imposed by the United States are frequently
based on UN resolutions.
 Embargoes, however, tend to have little effect on changing
the actions and policies of the country they are placed on.
2. Non-availability of export assistance should be dropped

The countries giving no availability of export option should be
drop is true but in this case, with the brass industry we do not have
any special need for export assistance as these are not delicate
products but yes, the fluency of the trading department in the
foreign country do matter a lot and these factors should be taken
care a lot.
3. Special requirements
The brass industry doesn't
require any special things
14
but it does have prerequisites such as proper care of goods and
services given by the authorities. Here we can save a comparative
analysis of the top origin ports for bras which can be a factor to
decide upon that which ports are good for brass export.
4. Product specification
Well the brass industry is having huge range of products and each
product have required and specific size according to the need and
purpose. Well, this factor cannot be classified but can be judged
upon the size of the order as it become easier to bulk produce a
specific type of product. Mostly each product have different
dimensions & customizations possible.
5. Location
While selection of the country, location is the most important
because as per the location the specifications of the product change
and the average order size is also varying. Because we need to use
full Economics of scale, we need to focus on the countries having
bulb demand and a similar type of dimensions specifications so we
can sell up single product to many customers or even a big
customer with a single specification and hence the location plays a
huge role.
6. Market Accessibility
Market which is easily accessible is also required because if the
domestic players in the foreign countries already having a huge
rule then there will be no space left for the Global players which
want to export and acquire a position. This will also have a huge
role in calculating the cost and finding true quality which is greater
than all other available and hence market needs to be bigger and
flexible so it gets accessible easily.
7. Business Community
15
It is a fact that brass and its related product under the industry are
sold by many other players by doing the white labelling and not
manufacturing it. So, if one finds the community in another Nation,
then it will be very easy and fast to satisfy the supply orders may it
be in foreign Nation or domestic because we can always have a
chance to import. We can also do merchant selling by taking orders
from a single Nation and delivering the same to another Nation
without letting it enter India if we have the right and big business
community for brass or any other industry.
8. (Continue by Apurva)
Firm Related Factors

 Objectives
- Any form from the brass industry would have the
objective of doing export primarily to set their standards
on a higher level. If one is into international trade then
16
it is for sure that there having a competitive price and a
better-quality product the rest of the domestic players
which is a huge achievement. Also, other objectives
could be the bulk buyers at a single place as we know
that the Purchase is done in bulk and hence they need
not find small orders inside India. Also, one can get a
better price and can negotiate for other if they are
having good hold on their products manufacturing and
selling.
 Resources – Financial, Human & Technological and Managerial
- Well for doing trade internationally one needs to have a
huge financial backup as the production of the supply is
in bulk and the higher the order the bigger the working
capital is required. So before going into International
trade one needs to be sure that he is financially
equipped properly by doing practice.
- Well, primarily human means the labor force and the
production workforce which is needed for completing
the order in time and so one needs to be sure that he is
properly equipped in terms of humans for the right
position giving the proper authorities.
- Form having better hold on technological things such as
advanced machinery and good research will be the one
taking first-mover advantage in terms of all kinds of
products especially in the brass industry as the
production is the main thing and how you produce is the
factor which decides how fast you can grow.
- And finally, managerial resources are the main ones that
control all the processes and align them properly. We
personally think that one needs to have proper manager
their resources irrespective of doing any kind of trade as
for the sake of doing business itself.
17
 Product Mix
- A product mix is the total number of product lines and
individual products or services offered by a company.
Additionally, referred to as product assortment or
product portfolio. A variety of products available under
a single product line is very much necessary because in
an industry like brass there are huge product portfolio is
available and various specializations there for a single
item having multiple customizations. So here the seller
cannot be rigid about his product and needs to be
flexible about the dimensions and the product itself as a
whole.
Width Total number of product lines a company offers.

Length Total number of products in a company’s product mix.
Depth Total number of product variations in a product line.
Consistency Indicates how product lines relate to one another.
18
As we can see in the figure that how width, length, depth
and consistency are same but have different meaning for
product mix.
 International Orientation (EPRG)

- EPRG stands for Ethnocentric, Polycentric,
Regiocentric, and Geocentric. It is a framework created
by Howard V Perlmuter and Wind and Douglas in
1969. It is designed to be used in an internationalization
process of businesses and mainly addresses how
companies view international management orientations.
Well the importance of this point is that the company
needs to be flexible and readily equipped with the
International orientation and exposure by means of
everything meet bi culture or the product, it must be
from top to toe.
Finding Reasons
A. PRESENT (Working in the Present)
19
Currently, e brass industry is one of the biggest industries
of India and the hub Jamnagar is known as the most
popular industrial hub for manufacturing brass and its
related parts, products and components. Presently, e the
metal brass which is made up of an alloy consisting
Copper and Zinc is present in more than legs of items in
thousands of sizes and dimensions possible and is having
huge demand throughout the globe.
B. PAST (What Happened)
Brass is one of the oldest metal available on the globe as
its search started from about 500 BC. As the time and
dates went, brass came into consideration and positioned
itself as the most popular metal for or industrial purpose
from pin to big compressor. The metal has remained the
same but its evolution and use it has risen by many times.
C. Future (Likely to Happen)
If we think about the future which is likely to happen, then
we must sure and confident that we are dealing in the right
item for export and import and has durable amount of life
left. In our case if we talk about brass, the alloy and its
related items will be there for number of decades and even
centuries as its substitute at this cost and strength is very
much difficult to find. And if on the other and if one is
able to find the substitute then it cannot replace the
functioning and the volume which is utilized on everyday
bases worldwide.
JUDGEMENT - So from the above scenario we can
conclude that the metal brass is having a huge portfolio
of products and can be taken for international trade by
generations healthy and long life.
20
Market Selection Process (5 & 6)
Detailed investigation and Market Research
As we've gone through the primary screening round for the main
product of brass itself and looking at the annexure we can see that a
detailed investigation needs to be done for the countries like the USA,
China, United Arab Emirates, France, Saudi Arabia, and others. An
investigation which is done above from the various model available
like SAHIB GE, HTML, CASE & DIG LIC we can see that these
countries can be short-listed on the basis of culture and ethnic factors
also while keeping other economic factors in mind constantly. We
21
need to also see which countries are suitable for bulk exports and
have a potential market and arriving huge market share currently.
Doing detailed market research states that China is the biggest player
worldwide for importing the Brass Products while Japan is the
number one player for exporting the Brass Products which we can see
from the PDF available from the various sources.
Evaluation & Selection

So, after doing all the above 5 steps of the market selection
process we finally reached that the top 2 countries for exporting brass
are USA and China. The primary reason for selecting the USA is, is
overall it is a more qualitative and high demanding market for specific
products as mentioned above while China is a world player importing
most of the Brass Products as we can compare from the annexures.
Both the countries are having their own advantage and features but it
highly depends on the buyer and especially the nature of the product,
the buyer is selling. We conclude that these are the top two countries
name in USA and China which are best for exporting brass and its
related products.
22

EXIM - GA - Group 4

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Export Import Management

Submitted To: Professor Pawan Kumar Chugan

Topic: Export Potential of Brass Alloys & Products

Date: 17th March 2022

Batch: 2020-22(MBA, FB&E)

Commodity: 74072110 BARS OF BRASS Unit: KGS

Commodity: 74072110 BARS OF BRASS

Commodity: 74072110 BARS OF BRASS

Commodity: 74072110 BARS OF BRASS

Commodity: 74072110 BARS OF BRASS

Commodity: 74072110 BARS OF BRASS

Commodity: 74072110 BARS OF BRASS

How to Pick a Market

 They are typically formed as a result of bad political or

2. Non-availability of export assistance should be dropped

Firm Related Factors

Width Total number of product lines a company offers.

 International Orientation (EPRG)

Evaluation & Selection

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