PRACTICE 4

LEXICO-GRAMMAR (
Part 1. Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to complete each sentence below. (20 pts)
1. The party was already___________ by the time we arrived. Everyone was singing and dancing.
A. in full swing B. up in the air C. over the moon D. under a cloud
2. Fearing for his life, he__________ the muggers for mercy.
A. pleaded B. petitioned C. urged D. begged
3. What the company needs is a ___________ actor who can take on a variety of roles.
A. variable B. changeable C. diverse D. versatile
4. The new law on motorcyclists’ wearing safety helmets has come__________.
A. to power B. effective C. to existence D. into force
5. _________ relatively costly, the diesel engine is highly efficient and needs servicing infrequently.
A. Even B. It is C. Even though D. There is
6. _________ migrate long distances is well documented.
A. That it is birds B. That birds C. Birds that D. It is that birds
7. On the stairs_________ a small dark- haired girl.
A. was sitting B. was to sit C. sitting D. having sat
8. He was pleased to have the ___________ to hear such a fine musician play his favourite piece of
music
A. occasion B. possibility C. opportunity D. fate
9. What he told me was a _________ of lies.
A. pack B. load C. mob D. flock
10. Jack’s encouraging words gave me _______ to undertake the demanding task once again.
A. a point B. an incentive C. a resolution D. a target
11. It is difficult for museums to find funds to protect the national____________.
A. inheritance B. heritage C. possessions D. legacy
12. A military junta has taken over power in the country after the democratic administration
____________
A. collapsed B. stumbled C. vanished D. abandoned
13. Whenever the kids asked him about his girlfriend, he’d go as red as a _______.
A. tomato B. beetroot C. strawberry D. chili
14. She likes spoiling people’s fun. She is really a ________.
A. crouch potato B. wet blanket C. hard nut D. cold fish
15. Such ______________ that we all felt numb.
A. a cold weather was it B. was a cold weather
C. cold was the weather D. was cold weather
16. ____________, Americans eat a light breakfast. They usually don’t eat a lot of food in the
morning.
A. By and large B. Fair and square C. Ins and outs D. Odds and ends
17. Alice: “ Have you seen my pen?” Tina: “______”.
A. Not C. None B. Nothing D. Nope .
18. Despite a number of ________, the project will still go a head.
A. shortfalls B. shortages C. shortcomings D. shortcuts
19. The weather was fine, and everyone was _________ the coast .
A. going in for B. making for C. joining in D. seeing about
20. I heard ______that Jack has been dropped from the basket team.
 A. in the woods B. on the grapevine C. under your feet D. on the olive branch
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Part 2. Complete the following passage with the correct forms of the words given in CAPITALS.
(10pts)
1. The company’s annual ____________ has increased in comparison with the
last year, and now it’s around $ 4 million. TURN
2. When a boy, Bob was a very ____________ student and seemed to spend
most of the time looking out of the window. ATTEND
3. Because of a fire hazard it is ____________ to walk in forests when it’s dry. ADVISE
4. Various ____________ by police officers were brought to light by the enquiry. PRACTICE
5. You shouldn’t interrupt someone in____________. SENTENCE
6. The doctor gave him an injection to ____________the pain. DIE
7. No agreement has yet been reached and the negotiations are still_____________ GO
8. The son and the moon are often _________ in poetry. PERSON
9. Cats are supposed to have nine___________. LIVE
10. Most of the porcelain you see in the display cabinets is ____________. REPLACE
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 3. Find and correct 10 mistakes in the text. (10 pts)

Line
(0) in Birds that feed on flocks commonly retire together into roosts.
1 The reasons for roosting commune are not always obvious,
2 but there are some likely benefit. In winter especially, it is
3 important for birds to keep warmth at night and conserve
4 precious food reserves. One way to do this
5 is to find the sheltered roost. Solitary roosters shelter in dense
6 vegetation and enter a cavity- horned larks dig
7 holes in the ground and ptarmigan burrow into snow
8 banks - but the effect of shelter is magnified by several
9 birds huddling together in the roosts, as wrens, swifts, brown
10 creepers, bluebirds, and anis can. Body contact reduces the
11 surface area exposed to the cold air, so the birds keep each
12 other warm. Two kinglets huddling together was found to
13 reduce their heat losses with a quarter and three together
14 saved a third of their heat.
Your answers
Line Mistake Correction Line Mistake Correction
Part 4. Complete the sentences with the suitable particles or prepositions. (10pts)
1. I got___________ the Arts Faculty at the University of London to study history.
2. Judging___________ the time of the day when something is done, one can decide how important an
event is.
3. Frequently single- parent children take___________ some of the functions that the absent adult in
the house would have served.
4. The skyscraper stands out___________ the blue sky.
5. Why don’t you let me show you ___________ London?
6. Jean didn’t expect to come up___________ such difficulties .
7. Everyone was shocked___________ Susan’s strange appearance.
8. I came___________ one of your novels in a second-hand bookshop.
9. What you’re saying amounts___________ blackmail.
10. Your calculations do not accord___________ mine.
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

SECTION III: READING ( 50 points)

Part 1: For questions 1–10, read the following passages and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best
fits each gap. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)

From a very early age, it was (1)________that Magnus Carlen was a brilliant chess player. By
the age of 13, Magnus was (2) ________to be one of the best chess players in the world, and his parents
wanted him to reach his (3) ________potential as a professional chess player.
This meant their son had to develop a lifestyle of strict (4) ________which included many hours
of practice. Only this way could he become a world champion. (5) ________Magnus’ parents supported
him, they did not want him to devote his whole life to chess. They felt that if he focused only on chess,
he would suffer both physically and emotionally. They made it clear to him that they had no intention
of letting their son drop out of school. He was also encouraged to follow his interest in sports. As a result
of his (6) ________, when Magnus graduate from high school in 2009, he was not only the best chess
player in the world, but he was also awarded the title of “sport-student of the year” for his achievements
in snowboarding and golf.
Today, Magnus gives (7) ________to his parents for the way they (8) ________him. They set
rules, but they never (9) ________with his ambitions. Instead they gave him the (10) ________ and
encouragement he needed to achieve his goals and still be a happy young man.

1. A. true B. apparent C. sure D. secure

2. A. considered B. regarded C. decided D. counted
3. A. complete B. whole C. entire D. full
4. A. order B. behavior C. discipline D. effort
5. A. Since B. Until C. Because D. Although
6. A. treatment B. environment C. upbringing D. preparation
7. A. credit B. attention C. trust D. approval
8. A. taught B. brought C. grew D. raised
9. A. interfered B. opposed C. mistrusted D. prevented
10. A. approach B. support C. contact D. recommendation
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 3: Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question. (10 points)
As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North
America were building with adobe-sun-baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkably
like modern apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a
thousand people, along with storerooms for grain and other goods. These buildings were usually put up
against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense against enemies. They were really
villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must have realized since they called them “pueblos”,
which is Spanish for towns. The people of the pueblos raised what are called “the three sisters”- corn,
beans, and squash. They made excellent pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they
could hold water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is scarce. The Hopi and
Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches. Water was so
important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed elaborate ceremonies and religious
rituals to bring rain. The way of life of less – settled groups was simpler and more strongly influenced
by nature. Small tribes such as the Shoshone and Ute wandered the dry and mountainous lands between
the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. They gathered seeds and hunted small animals such as
rabbits and snakes. In the Far North the ancestors of today’s Inuit hunted seals, walruses, and the great
whales. They lived right on the frozen seas in shelters called igloos built of blocks of packed snow.
When summer came, they fished for salmon and hunted the lordly caribou. The Cheyenne, Pawnee and
Sioux tribes, known as the Plains Indians, lived on the grasslands between the Rocky Mountains and the
Mississippi River. They hunted bison, commonly called the buffalo. Its meat was the chief food of these
tribes, and its hide was used to make their clothing and the covering of their tents and tips.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The architecture of early America Indian buildings
B. The movement of American Indians across North America
C. Ceremonies and rituals of American Indians
D. The way of life of American Indian tribes in early North America
2. According to the passage, the Hopi and Zuni typically built their homes___________.
A. in valleys B. next to streams C. on open plains D. against cliffs
3. The word “They” refers to ___________.
A. goods B. buildings C. cliffs D. enemies
4. It can be inferred from the passage that the dwellings of the Hopi and Zuni were ___________.
A. very small B. highly advanced
C. difficult to defend D. quickly constructed
5. The author uses the phrase “the three sisters” refers to___________.
A. Hopi women B. family members C. important crops D. rain ceremonies
6. Which of the following is true of the Shoshone and Ute?
A. They were not as settled as the Hopi and Zuni
 B. They hunted caribou.
C. They built their homes with adobe.
D. They did not have many religious ceremonies.
7. According to the passage, which of the following tribes lived in the grasslands?
A. The Shoshone and Ute B. The Cheyenne
C. The Hopi and Zuni D. The Pawnee and Inuit
8. Which of the following animals was the most important to the Plains Indians?
A. The salmon B. The caribou C. The seal D. The buffalo
9. The author gives an explanation for all of the following words EXCEPT___________.
A. adobe B. pueblos C. caribou D. bison
10. The author groups North American Indians according to their ___________.
A. tribes and geographical regions B. arts and crafts
C. rituals and ceremonies D. date of appearance on the continent

PRACTICE 5
LEXICO-GRAMMAR (50 points)
Part 1. Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to complete each sentence below. (20
pts)
1. As we approached the house, I had a ______ that something terrible had happened.
A. prediction B. forethought C. premonition D. anticipation
2. Cable TV revolutionized communications; ______, the very existence of that service
is now threatened by satellites.
A. moreover B. consequently C. eventually D. nevertheless
3. The strike was ______ owing to a last-minute agreement with the management.
A. broken up B. called off C. come through D. set back
4. William crept ______ on Lisa and put his hands over her eyes.
A. up B. on C. off D. by
5. I know you have been working very hard today. Let's ______ and go home.
A. pull my leg B. call it a day
C. put your back up D. pros and cons
6. She ______ on the computer for more than two hours when she decided to stop for a
rest.
A. has worked B. has been working
C. was working D. had been working
7. ______ their heads in his direction, he knew they were interested.

A. Seeing them both turn

B. On seeing they both turn
C. When he saw them both to turn
D. After seeing them both to have turned
8. Helen was ______ disappointed when she learnt that she hadn’t won the beauty
contest.
A. seriously B. bitterly C. strongly D. heavily
9. ______ is that a chicken stands up to lay its eggs.
A. Many people don’t realize B. What many people don’t realize
C. It is that many people don’t realize D. Because many people don’ realize
10.Carbon dioxide may be absorbed by trees or water bodies, or it may stay in the
atmosphere when______ , while it is only in the atmosphere that chlorofluorocarbons find
their home.
A. by releasing emissions from cars B. released from car emissions
C. cars that release emissions D. emissions are released by cars
11. My older brother is extremely fond of astronomy. He seems to ______ a lot of
pleasure from observing the stars.
A. derive B. possess C. seize D. reach
12. ______ , the people who come to this club are in their twenties and thirties.
A. Although B. To a degree C. By and large D. Virtually
13. The tenant must be prepared to decorate the property ______ the terms of the
agreement.
A. in accordance with B . in relation to
C. with regard to D. provided by
14. The party was already ______ by the time we arrived. Everyone was singing and
dancing.
A. up in the air B. over the moon C. in full swing D. under a cloud
15. It took me 10 years to ______enough money to travel around the country.
A. set out B. put away C. put by D. save aside
16. He know _____ well what he was doing when he was there.
A. absolutely B. totally C. perfectly D. rather
17. In the ______ of security, personnel must wear their identity badges at all time.
 A. requirements B. interests C. demands D. assistance
18. He’s a very _______ worker. If he says he’ll do something, he does it.
A. reliable B. inflexible C. dictatorial D. ambitious
19. ______ they seem to be in agreement, though there are still some details to be
settled.
A. Shortly B. Nonetheless C. Subsequently D. Overall
20. Not only ______ in the project, but he also wanted to become the leader.
A. did Jack involve B. had Jack been involved
C. was Jack involved D. Jack was involved

Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Part 2. Complete the following passage with the correct forms of the words given in
CAPITALS. (10pts)
1. We do feel _____ to Jimmy for all his great support that he gave us DEBT

in these hard times.

2. Modern fire-fighters are equipped with fire extinguishers and_____ FLAME

clothing.

3. How can you _____ the fact that some people live in mansions while JUST

others live in slums?

4. The Vietnamese people are happy to talk about their past and show
an amazing resilience and _____. FORGIVE

5. There was a heavy _____ yesterday afternoon which completely POUR

ruined the garden party.

6. Do you think these children are _____ ?They look very thin. NOURISH

7. You will be punished for all your _____ DO

8. His contribution to medical science was outstanding laying the foundations for
research by the scientists who would follow in his _____.
 FOOT
9. Cigarettes, coffee and alcohol and other _____ are known to have an adverse ADDICT
influence upon human health.
10. Marie Curie's life offers us a profound and fascinating
_____into the changing world of women in science and academia. SIGHT

Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 3: There are 10 mistakes in the text. Find out the mistake and correct it. (10
pts)
Line
1 When man first learned how to make a fire, her began to use fuel for
2 the first time. The first fuel he used was probably wooden. As time
3 passed, man eventually discovered that substances such as coal and oil
4 will burn. Coal was not used very wide as a source of energy until the
5 nineteenth century. With the coming of the industrial revolution, it was
6 soon realized that production would double if coal was using in stead
7 of wood. Nowadays, much of the huge factories and electricity
8 generating stations would be impossible to function if there was no
9 coal. In the last twenty or thirty years, however, the use of coal has
10 declined. As a result, there were changes in the coal industry. It is
11 believed that more people would use coal if oil and gas are not so
12 readily available. There is more than coal enough in the world for
13 man’s needs for the next two hundred years if our use of coal will not
14 increase. Unfortunately, however about half of the world’s coal may
15 never been used. Mining much of it would be very expensive if it was
16 possible to use new equipment.
Your answers
 Line Mistake Correction Line Mistake Correction

Part 4. Complete the sentences with the suitable particles or prepositions. (10pts)
1. She talked me ______ going with her even though I didn’t want to.
2. My mum told me ______for coming home late from school.
3. We don't know yet how we'll solve the problem but I'm sure someone will come ______
a solution soon.
4.We are ______ for a lot of trouble unless George manages to improve the radio station,
which is in bad repair.
5. The problem stems ______ the government's lack of action.
6. Could you put me ______ for a few days until I find a place of my own?
7. A mother will usually stand ______her children, no matter what they have done.
8. He is an excellent speaker. He can get ______ even the most complicated ideas.
9. There's no point in doing ______the old regulations if you are going to introduce
equally stupid new ones.
10. There are plenty of exceptions ______ this view in this country, but I myself take it
for granted.
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

SECTION III. READING (60 points)

Part 1. Read the text below and then decide which word best fits each blank.
(10pts)
The ability to weep is a uniquely human form of emotional response. Some scientists
have suggested that human tears are (1) ______ of an aquatic past - but this does not seem
very likely. We cry from the moment we enter this world, for a number of reasons.
Helpless babies cry to persuade their parents that they are ill, hungry or uncomfortable.
As they (2) ______ , they will also cry just to attract parental attention and will often stop
when they get it. The idea that having a good cry do you (3) ______ is a very old one and
now it has scientific validity since recent research into tears has shown that they (4)
______ a natural painkiller called enkaphalin. By fighting sorrow and pain this chemical
helps you feel better. Weeping can increase the quantities of enkaphalin you (5) ______
. Unfortunately, in our society we impose restrictions upon this naturally (6) ______
activity. Because some people still regard it as a (7) ______ of weakness in men, boys in
particular are admonished when they cry. This kind of repression can only increase stress,
both emotionally and physically. Tears of emotion also help the body (8) ______ itself of
toxic chemical waste, for there is more protein in them than in tears resulting from cold
winds or other irritants. Crying comforts, calms and can be very enjoyable - (9) ______
the popularity of highly emotional films which are commonly (10) ______ "weepies". It
seems that people enjoy crying together almost as much as laughing together.
1. A. witness B. evidence C. result D. display
2. A. evolve B. change C. develop D. alter
3. A. better B. fine C. good D. well
4. A. contain B. retain C. hold D. keep
5. A. construct B. achieve C. provide D. produce
6. A. curing B. treating C. healing D. improving
7. A. hint B. symbol C. feature D. sign
8. A. release B. rid C. loosen D. expel
9. A. consider B. remark C. distinguish D. regard
10. A. named B. entitled C. subtitled D. called
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 2.
Part 3. Read the following passage carefully then choose the best answer to each
question. (10pts)
Staggering tasks confronted the people of the United States, North and South,
when the Civil War ended. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be
demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy. Civil
government also had to be put back on a peace time basis and interference from the
military had to be stopped.
The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be
undertaken also in the North, though less spectacularly. Industries had to adjust to
peacetime conditions: factories had to be retooled for civilian needs.
Financial problems loomed large in both the North and the South. The national debt
had shot up from a modest $65 million in 1861, the year the war started, to nearly $3
billion in 1865, the year the war ended. This was a colossal sum for those days but one
that a prudent government could pay. At the same time, war taxes had to be reduced to
less burdensome levels.
Physical devastation caused by invading armies, chiefly in the South and border
states, had to be repaired. This herculean task was ultimately completed, but with
discouraging slowness.
Other important questions needed answering. What would be the future of the four
million Black people who were freed from slavery? On what basis were the Southern
states to be brought back into the Union?
What of the Southern leaders, all of whom were liable to charges of treason? One
of these leaders, Jefferson Davis, president of the Southern Confederacy, was the subject
of an insulting popular Northern song, "Hang Jeff Davis from a Sour Apple Tree", and
even children sang it. Davis was temporarily chained in his prison cell during the early
days of his two-year imprisonment. But he and the other Southern leaders were finally
released, partly because it was unlikely that a jury from Virginia, a Southern Confederate
state, would convict them. All the leaders were finally pardoned by President Johnson in
1868 in an effort to help reconstruction efforts precede with as little bitterness as possible.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

 A. Wartime expenditures
B. Problems facing the United States after the war
C. Methods of repairing the damage caused by the war
D. The results of government efforts to revive the economy
2. The word "Staggering" is closest in meaning to ________.
A. specialized B. confusing
C. various D. overwhelming
3. The word "devastated" is closest in meaning to ________.
A. developing B. ruined
C. complicated D. fragile
4 According to the passage, which of the following statements about the damage in the
South is correct?
A. It was worse than in the North.
B. The cost was less than expected.
C. It was centred in the border states.
D. It was remedied rather quickly.
5. The passage refers to all of the following as necessary steps following the Civil War
EXCEPT ________.
A. helping soldiers readjust B. restructuring industry
C. returning government to normal D. increasing taxes
6. The word "task" refers to ________.
A. raising the tax level B. sensible financial choices
C. wise decisions about former slaves D. reconstruction of damaged areas
7. Why does the author mention a popular song?
A. To give an example of a Northern attitude towards the South
B. To illustrate the Northern love of music
C. To emphasize the cultural differences between the North and the South
D. To compare the Northern and Southern presidents
8. The word "them” refers to ________.
A. charges B. leaders C. days D. irons
9. Which of the following can be inferred from the phrase "...it was unlikely that a jury
from Virginia, a Southern Confederate state, would convict them"?
A. Virginians felt betrayed by Jefferson Davis.
B. A popular song insulted Virginia.
C. Virginians were loyal to their leaders.
D. All of the Virginia military leaders had been put in chains.
10. It can be inferred from the passage that President Johnson pardoned the Southern
leaders in order to ________.
A. raise money for the North
B. repair the physical damage in the South
C. prevent Northern leaders from punishing more Southerners
D. help the nation recover from the war
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

PRACTICE 6
SECTION II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (50 points)
Part 1. Choose the option A, B, C, or D which best fits the gap in each of the following sentences.
(20 pts)
1. Competitive ______ is an essential requirement for success in the entertainment industry.
A. mind B. thought C. spirit D. soul
2. Paul, do you think you could ______ for the night? It’s a bit too late to go home now.
A. let me off B. go me out C. fall me out D. put me up
3. They always kept on good ______ with their next-door neighbors for the children’s sake.
A. will B. friendship C. terms D. relations
4. ______ migrate long distances is well documented.
A. That it is birds B. That birds C. Birds that D. It is that birds
5. She ran ______ an interesting article about fashion while she was reading the newspaper.
A. after B. across C. away D. out
6. The boss ______ when he found out that one of his employees cheated off.
A. hit the roof B. saw pink elephants
C. made his blood boil D. brought the house down
7. Harry was offered a scholarship to study in Spain and he ______ the opportunity with both hands.

A. grasped B. grabbed C. held D. passed
8. The choir stood in four rows according to their ______ heights.
A. respected B. respective C. respectable D. respectful
9. They seemed to be ______ to the criticism and just carried on as before.
 A. disinterested B. sensitive C. uncaring D. indifferent
10. In fact the criminals ______ into because the front door was wide open and so they just walked in.
A. needn't have broken B. didn't need breaking
C. didn't need to break D. needn't break
11. Rarely have I visited _____ Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia.
A. as a beautiful city as B. as beautiful a city as
C. as beautiful as the city D. as a city as beautiful as
12. The school was closed for a month because of serious ______ of fever.
A. outcome B. outburst C. outset D. outbreak
13. No matter how loudly you shout to him he won’t hear you. He is as deaf as a _____.
A. post B. stump C. tomb D. bat
14. It wasn’t an accident. It was arson. Someone intentionally ______ fire to that building.
A. put B. lit C. caught D. set
15. It was a daring robbery, which took place in ______ daylight.
A. broad B. total C. wide D. absolute
16. On attaining maximum size, ______ by drawing itself out and dividing into two daughter amoebas,
each receiving identical nuclear materials.
A. the reproduction of the amoeba B. the amoeba, which reproduces
C. reproducing the amoeba D. the amoeba reproduces
17. _______ you try, you can never get them all right.
A. How hard B. For as hard as C. However hard D. So hard as
18. This species of mosquito can be dangerous, but happily, it is rather ______ in this area.
A. rare B. minor C. few D. scarcely
19. _______, he couldn’t finish that test in 60 minutes.
A. As the boy was intelligent B. Intelligent as the boy was
C. As intelligent the boy was D. Intelligent as was the boy
20. No matter how angry he was, he would never to violence.
A. exert B. resolve C. resort D. recourse
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Part 2. Complete each of the following sentences with the correct form of the word given in
CAPITALS. (10 pts)
1. The most ______ feature of his character is his great generosity. STAND
2. ______ at this school is severely punished, so remember to mind your manners both during the lessons
and outside the classroom. OBEY
3. The best man was very embarrassed and very ______ about forgetting the time that the wedding was
to take place. APOLOGISE
4. Mark has been terribly busy this week. It’s ______ whether he’ll attend our performance tomorrow.
DOUBT
5. This new situation is more than ______ to all the investors. Definitely, it’s a chance not to miss.
ADVANTAGE
6. The key to the peaceful coexistence of a multiracial communities is the reduction of the social ______.
EQUAL
7. According to the recent report, this dreadful ______ has ruined sixty per cent of the crops in the region.
DRY
8. The view that came into perspective was ______. No wonder, they lingered on the hill enhanced by
the lush tropical forests and the haze of moist air hanging above their heads. BREATH
9. We were shown a rich ______ of woolen sweaters in different colours and sizes. VARY
10. The residential districts ______ by the Pakistani families are subsidized by the government. HABIT
Your answers
1._________________________ 6._________________________
2._________________________ 7._________________________
3._________________________ 8._________________________
4._________________________ 9._________________________
5._________________________ 10._________________________

Part 3. Find ten words in the following passage that need correction. (10 pts)
Line
1 Polar bears are in danger of dying out. Unlikely some other endangered animals,
2 it’s not hunters that are the problems, it’s climate change. Since 1979, the ice cap at
3 the Arctic Circle where the polar bears living has reduced in size by about 30 per cent.
4 The temperature in the Arctic has slow been rising and this is causing the sea ice to
5 melt, endangered the polar bears’ home. The polar bears’ main sources of food are
6 the different types of seals founded in the Arctic. They catch them by waiting next to
7 the air holes the seals have made in the ice. Because the bears are very strong
8 swimmers, they could never catch seals in the water. This means that the bears really
9 do rely in the ice to hunt.
10 Polar bears also need sea ice to travel. They can cover a huge territory and often
11 swim from one part of the ice to another. They have been known to swim up to 100
12 km, but when there is more ice, they may have to swim further and this can prove
13 fatal to the bears. The number of bears have drowned in the last few years and
14 scientists believe that it is because they did not able to reach more ice before they
15 became too tired and couldn't swim any further.
Your answers
Lines Errors Corections
_____ _________________________ _________________________
_____ _________________________ _________________________
_____ _________________________ _________________________
_____ _________________________ _________________________
_____ _________________________ _________________________
_____ _________________________ _________________________
_____ _________________________ _________________________
_____ _________________________ _________________________
_____ _________________________ _________________________
_____ _________________________ _________________________

Part 4. Fill the gap in each of the following sentences with an appropriate preposition or particle. (10
pts)
1. He arrived in Los Angeles ______ nothing but the clothes he was wearing.
2. The footbal star is going to spend holidays in a secluded place where he expects to hide
______ the curious journalists and photograpers.
3. I’m unable to use my computer at present. It has been ______ repair since last Monday.
4. It wasn’t at all easy for the European members of the expedition to get accustomed ______
so hot and humid a climate of South America.
5. Our stay in the town will certainly be a good chance for Michael to visit his grandfather’s birthplace,
so I’m sure he will jump ______ the opportunity.
6. The exact cost of the whole venture isn’t known yet, but our best accountants have been trying to
work it ______.
7. Luckily, the bomb which went ______ near the bak last Friday didn’t kill anyone.
8. We owe this marvellous wooden church building to the first Christian pioneers who settled
______ in this area in the 16th century.
9. I’m afraid you’ll have to buy a new hairdryer; this one is ______ repair.
10. Mr Bradley has had an alarm installed in his car ______ fear of having it stolen.

Your answers
1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________
6.__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________

SECTION III. READING (50 points)

Part 1. Read the passage below and choose the option A, B, C or D which best fits each space.
(10 pts)

HAPPINESS

In recent years, there has been a remarkable increase in research into happiness. The researchers have
(1) _____ a number of factors which contribute to a definition of happiness.

First of all, there is, in some people, a moderate genetic predisposition to be happy: in other words,
happiness runs in families. And happiness seems to correlate quite (2) _____ with the main dimensions
of personality: extroverts are generally happier; neurotics are less so.

Second, people often report good social relations as a reason for their happiness. In particular, friends
are a great (3) _____ of joy, partly because of the agreeable things they do together, partly because of
the way friends use positive non-verbal (4) _____, such as caressing and touching, to affirm their
friendship. Marriage and similar close relationships can also form the basis of lasting happiness.

Third, job satisfaction undoubtedly (5) _____ overall satisfaction, and vice versa – perhaps this is why
some people are happy in boring jobs; it (6) _____ both ways. Job satisfaction is caused not only by the
essential nature of the work, but also by social interactions with co-workers. Unemployment, on the (7)
_____, can be a serious cause of unhappiness.

Fourth, leisure is important because it is more under individual (8) _____ than most other causes of
happiness. Activities (9) _____ sport and music, and participation in voluntary work and social clubs of
various kinds, can give great joy. This is partly because of the activities themselves, but also because of
the social support of other group members – it is very strong (10) _____ the case of religious groups.

1. A. fallen back on B. come up with C. got down to D. gone in for

2. A. strongly B. nearly C. firmly D. hardly
3. A. meaning B. origin C. base D. source
4. A. movements B. signals C. slogans D. motions
5. A. consists of B. applies to C. contributes to D. counts on
6. A. works B. effects C. makes D. turns
7. A. common B. contrast C. comparison D. contrary
8. A. check B. power C. control D. choice
9. A. like B. such C. so D. thus
10. A. by B. for C. in D. with

Your answers
1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________
6.__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________

Part 2.

Part 3. Read the following passage and choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D) to each of the
questions below. (10 pts)

Early mariners gradually developed ways of observing and recording in their journals their
position, the distances and directions they traveled, the currents of wind and water, and the hazards and
havens they encountered. The information in these journals enabled them to find their way home and,
for them or their successors, to repeat and extend the recorded voyages. Each new observation could be
added to an ever-increasing body of reliable information.
Ship captains and navigators were not concerned about running in to other vessels, but as heavy
traffic developed along shipping routes, avoiding such collisions became a serious matter. In all fields
of navigation, keeping a safe distance between ships moving in different directions at different speeds
became as important as knowing how to reach one’s destination.
The larger the ship, the easier it is to see, but the larger a ship, the more time it requires to change
its speed or direction. When many ships are in a small area, an action taken by one ship to avoid colliding
with another might endanger a third. In busy seaports, such as Hamburg and New York, this problem
has been solved by assigning incoming and outgoing ships to separate lanes, which are clearly marked
and divided by the greatest practical distance.
The speed of jet airplanes make collision a deadly possibility. Even if two pilots see one another
in time to begin evasive action, their maneuvers may be useless if either pilot incorrectly predicts the
other’s move. Ground-based air traffic controllers assign aircraft to flight paths that keep airplanes a
safe distance from one another.
When steam engines began to replace sails during the first half of the nineteenth century, a ship’s
navigator had to compute fuel consumption as well as course and location. Today, in airplanes as well
as in ships, large amounts of fuel needed for long trips, reduce the cargo capacity, and economy requires
that its consumption be kept to a minimum.
In modern air and sea navigation, a schedule has to be met. A single voyage or flight is only one
link in a complicated and coordinated transportation network that carries goods and people from any
starting place to any chosen destination. Modern navigation selects a ship’s course, avoids collision with
other moving ships, minimizes fuel consumption, and follows an established timetable.
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. Historical records of navigation B. Airplane navigation in Europe
C. Schedules and shipping long distances D. The growing importance of navigation
2. Which of the choices is closest in meaning to the word “hazards” as used paragraph 1?
A. Dangerous obstacles B. Safe seaports
C. Whales and large fish D. Inaccurate navigation
3. Which of the following has the same meaning as the word “collisions” as used in paragraph 2?
A. Other vessels B. Running into C. Avoiding such D. Serious matter
4. Which of the following does the word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Ship B. Time C. Speed D. Larger
5. Where can the following sentence be added to the passage?
In fact, many harbors were burned down from fires begun as a result of ships’
colliding in port.
A. After the word “encountered” in paragraph 1
B. At the end of paragraph 2
C. After the word “third” in paragraph 3
D. After the word “possibility” in paragraph 4
6. How are ships kept apart in the ports of Hamburg and New York?
A. The port controllers guide ship captains by radio.
B. Incoming and outgoing ships are assigned to clearly marked lanes.
C. Ships are not allowed to change their course or their speed while in port.
D. Captains use their journals to determine the hazards in port.
7. What does the author imply about the speed of jet airplanes?
A. Air traffic is now safer than it was with planes with piston-driven engines.
B. Radio communication between ships and planes help schedules.
C. Collisions of jet airplanes almost always result in the deaths of passengers and crew.
D. pilots are now able to predict evasive maneuvers that others will take.
8. What can be inferred about fuel consumption in the nineteenth century?
A. A ship’s captain had to decide how many sails would be used on a ship.
B. A navigator had to determine how much fuel a ship needed for a voyage.
C. A large amount of fuel made room for extra cargo space.
D. A journal was kept about the amount of coal a steam engine used during a voyage.
9. Look at the word “timetable” in the last sentence of the passage. Which of the following words has
the same meaning?
A. Schedule B. Network C. Navigation D. Established
10. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?
A. Information in mariners’ journals is better than modern navigation techniques.
B. Collisions in the air are more dangerous than those at sea.
C. Mariners today have to compute more things than those in the past did.
D. Air traffic controllers use the same navigation techniques as sea captains.
Your answers
1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________
6.__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________