WELCOME

Diploma in Agricultural Extension Services for

Input Dealers(DAESI)

Dr. Swati Barche

Professor-Horticulture
RAJMATA VIJAYARAJE SCINDIA KRISHI VISHWA VIDYALAYA,
GWALIOR - 474002 (M.P.), COA, INDORE
I;kt (Onion) ,oa yglqu (Garlic)
 I;kt (onion)
kuLifrd uke& Allium cepa dqy& Alliaceae midqy & Allioideae
 I;kt (onion)
Hkkjr o"kZ easa I;kt dh [ksrh dk
egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSa I;kt eq[;r%
cht }kjk mxk;ktkrk gSa
;g Qly Hkkjr o"kZ easa yxHkx gj
izkUr easa mxkbZ tkrh gS fo”o easa
Hkkjr dk I;kt dk {ks=Qy ,oa mRiknu
dh n`f"V ls nwljk LFkku gSaA
gekjs ns”k easa I;kt eq[;r;k %
egkjk"Vª] eË; izns”k xqtjkr] dukZVd]
I;kt
Labeled diagram of onion
 Nutritive value per 100 g of onion

Particulars Big Onion (1) Small Onion (1) Onion stalks (1) Dehydrated onion (2)

Moisture (g) 86.6 84.3 87.6 4.6

Protein (g) 1.2 1.8 0.9 10.6
Fat (g) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.8
Minerals (g) 0.4 0.6 0.8 3.5
Fibre (g) 0.6 0.6 1.6 6.4
Carbohydrate (g) 11.1 12.6 8.9 74.1

Energy (K cal) 50.0 59.0 41.0 -

Calcium (mg) 46.9 40.0 50 300.0
Phosphorus (mg) 50.6 60.0 50.0 290.0

Iron (mg) 0.6 1.2 7.43 2.0

Carotene (ug) -- 15.0 595.0 --
Thiamin (mg) 0.08 0.08 -- 0.42
Riboflavin (mg) 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.06
Niacin (mg) 0.4 0.5 0.3 --
Folic acid (Total) (mg) 6.0 -- -- --

Vitamin C (mg) 11.0 2.0 17.0 147.0

Magnesium (mg) 16.0 -- 104.0 --

Sodium (mg) 4.0 -- 2.2 40.0

Potassium (mg) 127.0 -- 109.0 1000.
Copper (mg) 0.18 -- 0.45 --
Manganese (mg) 0.18 -- 0.74 --

Molybdenum (mg) 0.03 -- 2.29 --

Zinc (mg) 0.41 -- -- --

 e`nk ,oa tyok;q
• I;kt dks fofHkUu çdkj dh e`nkvksa esa
mxk;k tk ldrk gS]a
• ysfdu vPNh mit çkIr djus ds fy,
nkseV ;k cqybZ nkseV feVVh] ftleasa
thok”einkFkZ dh çpqj ek=k o ty fudkl
dh mÙke O;oLFkk gks lkFk gh e`nk
dk ih-,p-ekulkekU; ¼6-5&7-5½ gks
loksZRre ekuh tkrh gSaA
 [ksr dh rSS;kjh
 [ksr easa igyh tqrkbZ feVVh
iyVus okys gy ls djus ckn 2&3
tqrkbZ nsLkh gy vFkok
gSajks }kjk djsa ftlls dh feêh ds
uhps dBksj ijr VwV tk,a rFkk
feêh HkqjHkqjh cu tk,A
 çR;sd tqrkbZ ds ckn ikVk vo”;
 mUur”khy fdLeasasa
• ,xzh QkmaM ykbZV jMs

• ,xzhQkmaM MkdZ jsM]

• ilwk ek/koh]
• ,u- 53] iwlk jsM]
• vdkZ çxfr]
• ,xzh QkmMa OgkbZV]
 mUur”khy fdLeasasa
• %&,xzh QkmaM
ykbZV jasM
• %&,xzh QkmaM
MkdZ jsM]
• ,xzh QkmMa OgkbZV(
• ilwk
(Late kharif Rabi seasons. ek/koh
Good variety for
• ,u- 53]
dehydration.
• iwlk jsM]
• having good   keeping
quality. • vdkZ
çxfr]
 ONION HYBRIDS
1.    Arka Kirtiman
IIHR, Bangalore
2.    Arka Lalima
IIHR, Bangalore

3.    Hybrid – 63
IARI, New Delhi
4.    Hybrid – 35
IARI, New Delhi
 [kkn moZZjd
I;kt easa [kkn ,o a moZjd dh ek=k tyok;q o
feêh dss çdkj ij fuHkZj djrh gSaA
vPNh Qly ysus ds fy;s 20&25 Vu vPNh lM+h
xkscj [kkn çfr gSaDVs;j dh nj ls [ksr dh vafre
rS;kjh ds le; feyk nsaA
blds vykok 100 fdyksxzke u=tu] 60 fdyksxzke
QkLQksjl o 50 fdyksxzke iksVk”k çfr
gSaDVs;j dh nj ls MkysaA
u=tu dh vk/kh ek=k vkSj QkLQksjl o
iksVk”k dh laiw.kZ ek=k jksikbZ ds igys [ksr
easa feyk nsaA

u=tu dh “ks"k ek=k dks 2 cjkcj Hkkxksa easa

ckaVdj jksikbZ ds 30 fnu rFkk 45 fnu ckn
fNM+d dj nsaA blds vfrfjä 50 fdyksxzke
lYQj o 5 fdyksxzke ftad çfr gSaDVs;j dh nj ls
jksikbZ ds iwoZ Mkyuk Hkh mi;qä jgsxkA
 cht nj o cqqokbZ
cht dh ek=k 8&10 fdyks izfr gSDaVs;j
mi;qDr gSA
 ikSS/k jkssi.k dk le;
cksus dk le; cksus dk le; cht dh ek=k jksikbZ dk
cqokbZ dk le; jksikbZ dk le;
le;
fd-xzk-
@gSaDV-
[kjhQ twu 8&10 vxLr dk
izFke
i[kokMk
jch e/; vDVEqcj 8&10 15 fnlEcj ls
ls 15 tuojh
e/; ucEcj rd
 uljZh e sasaikS/k rS;kj djuk
jch I;kt dh mUur fdLe ds cht dks 3 ehVj
yEch]1 ehVj pkSM+h o 20&25 ls-eh- Å¡ph
mBh gqbZ
D;kfj;k¡ cukdj cksuh djsaA

500 ehVj oxZ{ks= easa rS;kj dh xbZ ulZjh

dh ikS/k ,d gSaDVs;j {ks= ds fy, i;kZIr
gksrh gSaA
çR;sd D;kjheasa 40 xzke Mh-,-ih-] 25
• flrEcj vDVwcj ekg easa D;kjh;ksa dks rS;kj dj
DyksjksikbZjhQ‚l ¼2 feyh-@yhVj ikuh½
dkcsZUMkfte ¼1 xzke@yhVj ikuh½ dks
/kksydj D;kjh dh feêh dks rj dj 250 xst eksVh
lQsn i‚fyfFku fcNkdj 25&30 fnuksa rd feVVh
dk mipkj dj ysaA bl fof/k ls feVVh dks mipkfjr
djus dks en`k lkaS;hdZj.k dgrs gssak
• ,lk djus ij feVVh dk rkieku c<+us ls Hkwfe tfur
dhVk.kq ,ao jksxk.kq u"V gks tkrs gSaA
• chtkasa dks D;kfj;ksa easa cksus ls iwoZ
Fkk;je ;k dkcksZfDlu@dkcZUMkfte uked
QQwanuk”kd nok ls 2&3 xzke çfr fdyksxzke cht
dh nj ls mipkfjr djsaA
• mipkfjr chtkasa dks 5&10 lseh- ds varj ij cukbZ
xbZ drkjksa 1lseh- dh xgjkbZ ij cks,aA vadqj.k ds
i”pkr ikS/k dks tM +xyu chekjh ls cpkus ds fy, 2
xzke Fkk;je 1 xzke dkcZUMkfte nok dks 1 yhVj
ikuh easa ?kksydj fNM+dko djsaA cqvkbZ ds
yxHkx 7&8 lIrkg ckn ikS/k [ksr easa jksi.k ds fy,
rS;kj gkstkrh gSaA
 ikS/k jkssi.k
[ksr easa ikS/k jksikbZ ls iwoZ ikS/k
dh tMk+ sasa dks dkcZUMkfte nok dh
2 xzke ek=k dks 1 yhVj ikuh ds /kksy
easa 15&20 feuV Mqcksdj jksikbZ
djsa rkfd Qly dks cSxuh /kCck jksx ls
cpk;k tk ldsaA
 jksikbZ djrs le; drkjksa ls drkjksa ds
chp dh
nwjh 20 lseh- rFkk ikS/k ls ikS/k dh
 flpakb%Z
I;kt dh Qly easaflpakbZ dh vko”;drk
en`k dh fdLe] Qly dh voLFkk o _rq ij
fuHkZj djrh gSaA
ikS/k jksikbZ ds rqjar ckn gYdh
flapkbZ vo”; djsa rFkk mlds 2&3 fnu
ckn fQj gYdh flapkbZ djsa ftlls dh feêh
ue cuh jgs o ikS/k vPNh rjg ls te tk;saA
I;kt dh Qly easa 10&12 flapkbZ i;kZIr
gksrh gSaA
dUn curs le; ikuhdh deh ugha gksuk
pkfg,A cgqr vf/kd flapkbZ djus ls
cSaxuh /kCck jksx yxus dh lEHkkouk
gskrh gSa tcfd vf/kd le; rd [ksr easa
lw[kk jgus dh fLFkfr easa dUn QVus dh
leL;k vk ldrh gSaA
[kqnkbZ ls 15 fnu igys flapkbZ cUn dj
nsuk pkfg,A Vid fof/k ds }kjk
flapkbZ djus ls mit eas 15&20 çfr”kr dh
o`f) ds lkFk 40&50 çfr”kr ikuh dh cpr
gksrh gSaSA
 fuaankbZ-xqqM+k+bZ
• Qly dks [kjirokj ls eqä j[kus ds fy,
le;&le; ij fujkbZ&xqM+kbZ djds
[kjirokj dks fudkyrs jguk pkfg,A blds
vfrfjä [kjirokjuk”khtSls LVkEi 30 bZ-
lh- dk 3 yhVj@ gSaDVs;j dh nj ls
jksikbZ ds 2&3 fnu ckn fNM+dko
• djsaA
• [kM+h Qly easa ;fn ldjh iÙkh okys
uhank vf/kd gks rks DohtkyksQ‚i
bZFkkby 5 bZlh ds 400 fe-yh-@gSaDVj
 [kqnkbZ
• tc 50 çfr”kr ikS/kk as dh ifÙk;k¡ ihyh
iMd+ j eqj>ku s yx s rc dna ks dh
[kqnkbZ “kq: dj nsuk pkfg;sA blds
igys ;k ckn easa danksa dh [kqnkbZ
djus ls danksa dh Hk.Mkj.k {kerk ij
foijhr çHkko iM+rk gSaA
 mit

• jch Qlyk as ls vklSru 250&300 fDoVa

y@gDaS V;s j rd mit çkIr gkrshgSaA
 Hk.Mkj.k
vkerkSj ij [kjhQ dh rqyuk es jch I;kt es
Hk.Mkfjr djus dhvko”;drk T;knk
gksrh D;ksafd ;g cktkj easa rqjar de
fcdrk gSaA I;kt dks Hk.Mkfjr djrs le;
fuEu lko/kkfu;k¡ j[kuk pkfg,A
1- Hk.Mkj.k ls igys danksa dks vPNh rjg
lq[kk ysaA vPNh rjg ls ids gq, LoLFk
¼4&6 lseh vkdkj½ pednkj o Bksl
danksa dk gh Hk.Mkj.k djsaA
2- Hk.Mkj.k ueh jfgr goknkj x`gksa easa
djsaA
3- Hk.Mkj.k easa I;kt ds ijr dh eksVkbZ
15 lseh- ls vf/kd u gksaA Hk.Mkj.k ds
le; lM+s xys dan le;&le; ij fudkyrs jguk
pkfg,
 3. Modular Onion Storage Structure
Shri Sanjay Meena S/o Madhav Singh
Village Gunawad, Block Dhar,
District Dhar, Madhya Pradesh
(Mobile: 09993104156)
Profile
Age 35 years
Education Higher secondary
Landholding 10 ha
Farming Experience 10 years
Cultivation of Soybean, wheat and
Crops grown
Onion
Cropping system Soybean-wheat/Gram/Onion
Cows (4 crossbred)
Livestock
Buffaloes (4)
Storage Technique for Onion
 Problem Innovation
Traditional method of Onion Storage Improved Onion Storage Technique
Rotting & sprouting of Onion during rainy Description:
season Bricks layer 4’ + Iron Jali + Exhaust
fans for circulation of air + Bulb for
Low keeping quality (April-July)
temp. during rainy season + Open
More No. of sacks (1400 bags) spreading of onion on floor + 700 q
capacity + Size 48’x26’x6’

Before After
 Impact
Particulars Before After
Keeping quality 2 months Up to 7 months
Rotting of Onion 15 % 4%
Profit (Selling rate of 700-800 per quintal 1200-1400 per quintal
Onion/quintal) (April – June) (Aug.-Oct.)
Capacity (26’x48’) 600 q 800 q
 yglqu (Garlic)
okuLifrd uke& Allium sativum dqy& Alliaceae midqy & Allioideae
 yglqu (Garlic)
• Hkkjr o"kZ easa yglqu dh [ksrh dk
egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSaA yglqu eq[;r%
dfy;ksa }kjk mxk;k tkrk gSa
• ;g Qly lEiw.kZ Hkkjr o"kZ ds yxHkx
gj izkUr easa mxkbZ tkrh gSaA
• fo”o easa Hkkjr dk {ks=Qy ,oa
mRiknu dh n`f"V ls rhljk LFkku gSaA
• yglqu dh [ksrh Hkkjr ds lHkh Hkkxks
easa dh tkrh gSaA ysfdu eq[;r% bldh
[ksrh rfeyukMq] vka/kzizns”k] mRrj
• izns”k] xqtjkr] e/; izns”k ¼bUnkSj]
jryke] eanlksj½ easa cMs iSekus ij dh
tkrh gSa
• Bleas ikSf"Vd rRoksa dh ek=k
Ik;kZIr gksrh gSas bldk eq[; mi;ksx
elkys ds #i easa gksrk gSaA bldk
iz;ksx nok ds #i easa Hkh fd;k tkrk
feêh vkSj tyok;q
• oSls yglqu dh [ksrh dbZ izdkj dh tehu
easa dh tk ldrh gSa] fQj Hkh vPNh ty
fudkl O;oLFkk okyh jsrhyh nkseV feêh
ftl easa tSfod inkFkksaZ dh ek=k vf/kda
gks rFkk
ftl dk ih,p eku 6 ls 7 ds chp gks] bl ds fy, lc
ls vPNh gSaA
• yglqu dh vf/kd mit vkSj xq.koÙkk ds fy,
e/;e BaMh tyok;q vPNh gksrh gSaA
mUur fdLeasa
fdLe vof/k mit
dk uke ¼fnuk ¼fDao
s gSaDV½
eas½a
,xzhQkma 140&1 130&140
M 60
OgkbZV
;equk 150&1 150&175
lQsn 60
;equk 165&1 150&155
lQsn 70
¼th 50½
yglqu (Garlic)
 [kssrh dh rS;kjh
• nkseV feV~Vh bldh iSnkokj ds fy, mi;qDr
gSaA oSls cyqbZ nkseV ls ysdj
fpduhfeV~Vh easa bldh [ksrh dh tk ldrh
gSaA ftl feV~Vh easa dkcZfud inkFkZ dh
ek=k vf/kd gksus ds lkFk lkFk ty fudkl dh
O;oLFkk vPNh gks] bl Qly dh [ksrh ds fy,
mi;qDr gksrh gSa [ksr easa 2 ;k 3 xgjh
tqrkbZ djsa bl ds ckn [ksr dks lery dj ds
D;kfj;k¡ o flapkbZ dh ukfy;k¡ cuk ysaA
 [kkn o moZZjd
• izfr gSaDVs;j dh nj ls 50 Vu lMh gqbZ
xkscj dh [kkn D;kfj;ksa easa vPNh rjg
feyk nsrs gSaA jksikbZ ds nks fnu
iwoZ 200 fdyksxzke dsfY”k;e veksfu;e
ukbVªsV ;k 100 fdyksxzke ;wfj;k] 300
fdyksxzke lqij QkLQsV ,oa 100
fdyksxzke E;wjsV vkWQ iksVk”k izfr
gSaDVj dh nj ls tehu ij vPNh izdkj
feyk nsrs gSaSA
• cqokbZ ds pkj lIrkg ckn 200 fdyksxzke
 cht dh ek=k
• Dyksc ds vkdkj ds vuqlkj yxHkx
500&900 fdyksxzke dfy;k ¼Dyksc½ ,d
gSaDVj] dh jksikbZ ds fy, Ik;kZIr gksrh
gSaA
fctkbZ dk le;
• yglqu dh fctkbZ dk lgh le; flracj ds vkf[kjh
g¶rs ls vDVwcj rd gksrk gSaA
 cqqokbZ dh fof/k
• yglqu ds dUnksa easa dbZ dfy;kW gksrh gSaA
bUgha dfy;ksa dks xkBksa ls vyx&vyx djds
cqokbZ dh tkrh gSasaA
• cksrs le; drkjks dh nwjh 10&15 lseh- rFkk
drkjksa easa dfy;ksa dh nwjh 7-5&10 lseh-
j[krs gSaA cqokbZ yxHkx 5&6 lseh- xgjh djrs
gSaA
• cqokbZ djrs le; ;g /;ku nsuk pkfg;s fd dfy;ksa
dk uqdhyk Hkkx mij dh vksj j[kk tk;sA
 xk¡Bks dh [kqnkbZ
• ikS/kksa dh ifÙk;ksa easa ihykiu vkus
o lw[kuk “kq: gksus ij flapkbZ can dj
nsaA bl ds dqN fnuksa ckn yglqu dh
[kqnkbZ djsaA fQj xk¡Bksa dks 3 ls 4
fnuksa rd Nk;k easa lq[kkus ds ckn
ifÙk;ksa dks 2&3 lsaVhehVj NksM+ dj
dkV nsa
• ;k 25&30 xkaBksa dh ifÙk;ksa dks
cka/k dj xwfN;ksa cuk ysaA
• Qly idus ds le; tehu easa vf/kd ueh
ugha jguh pkfg,] ojuk ifÙk;k¡ fQj ls
c<+us yxrh gSa vkSj dfy;k¡ dk vadqj.k
gks tkrk gSaA bl ls bl dk HkaMkj.k
çHkkfor gks ldrk gSaA
 HkaMkj.k
• yglqu dk HkaMkj.k xwPNh;ksa ds #i
easa ;k VkV dh cksfj;ksa easa ;k
ydM+h dh isfV;ksa easa j[k dj ldrs
gSaA HkaMkj.k d{k lw[kk o goknkj
gksuk pkfg,A
• “khrx`g easa bl dk HkaMkj.k 0 ls 0-2
fMxzh lsaVhxzsM rkieku o 65 ls 75
Qhlnh vknZzrk ij 3&4 eghus rd dj ldrs
gSaA