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mminfosingkat@gmail.com
infosingkat@gmail.com A BRIEF STUDY OF ACTUAL AND STRATEGIC ISSUES Vol.XIII, No.16/II/Puslit/August/2021

THE ENFORCEMENT OF PUBLIC ACTIVITY RESTRICTIONS

TO CONTROL THE RATE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
13
Mohammad Mulyadi

Abstract
During the Covid-19 pandemic, the government was forced to create a policy
package to assist all of our diverse layers of society through the policy of
Enforcement of Public Activity Restrictions (PPKM). To date, the Emergency of
Public Activity Restrictions policy has been extended through the Public Activity
Restrictions policy with different levels in each region, in order to reduce the second
wave of Covid-19 that has occurred since last June. This paper investigates Public
Activity Restrictions level policies and the community's involvement in their
implementation. Various government policies issued during the Public Activity
Restrictions period necessitate community participation in their implementation,
such as the community always following strict health protocols, conducting
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests independently when there are symptoms
or after contact with patients, using telemedicine services, and participating in
vaccinations for pregnant women. The House of Representatives of the Republic of
Indonesia must monitor various policies during the Public Activity Restrictions
period to ensure that Covid-19 cases do not spike in the future.

Introduction was the impact of community

The celebration of the mobility and activities during
76th Indonesian Independence the Eid Al-Fitr 2021 holiday,
Day under the theme "Resilient Covid-19 cases in Indonesia have
Indonesia, Growing Indonesia" tended to decline until August
represents the Indonesian people's 17, 2021. Furthermore, it is caused
hope during the Covid-19 by a new variant of the virus that
pandemic. This hope can be realized causes Covid-19, which was first
PUSLIT BKD by working together to combat the discovered in East Java.
pandemic while also continuing From Graph 1 it can be seen
to grow in order to achieve the that at the end of June 2021 there
nation's ideals. Since the second has been an increase in confirmed
wave of Covid-19 last June, which cases of Covid-19.
 Figure 1.Daily Cases of Covid-19 from24 June to 17 August 2021
Source:https://covid19.go.id/peta-sebaran
As a result, President Joko
Widodo stipulated Public Activity
Restrictions on July 2, 2021, based
on the Instruction of the Minister
of Home Affairs No. 15 of 2021
concerning the Implementation of
Restrictions on Emergency Public
Activities for Corona Virus Disease
2019 in Java and Bali Regions. Then,
on July 26, 2021, President Joko
Widodo decided to implement Public
Activity Restrictions Levels 3 and
4 in Java and Bali regions based on
Minister of Home Affairs Instruction
No. 24 of 2021 concerning the
Implementation of Restrictions on
Public Activities Level 4 and Level
3 Corona Virus Disease 2019 in Java
and Bali Regions. Public Activity
Restrictions are still being extended
at the moment. Currently, Public
Activity Restrictions is still being
extended because it is considered
effective in reducing Covid-19 cases.
The government chose
Public Activity Restrictions over
lockdown because it considers
the conditions of Indonesia's very
diverse layers of society, such as
groups of poor/vulnerable and
rich people, as well as people with
varying economic abilities. Public
Activity Restrictions are still in
14
effect, indicating that the pandemic
is not yet over. Community
participation is required for policy
implementation to be successful.
This paper investigates the Public
Activity Restrictions level policies
and community participation in their
implementation.
Levels of Public Activity
Restrictions
The term "Emergency Public
Activity Restrictions" is no longer used
in the policy of limiting activities in
Java and Bali. The Emergency of Public
Activity Restrictions nomenclature
was renamed Public Activity
Restrictions Level 3-4. This variation
in Public Activity Restrictions levels
is due to World Health Organization
(WHO) guidelines published in 2020.
According to the guidelines, the crisis
level of an area can be determined by
two factors: the rate of transmission
and the area's readiness. Based on
WHO indicators, there are four levels
of assessment for a Covid-19 case in a
given area (Table 1).
 Table1. Assessment Category of Covid-19 Cases

Criteria Level1 Level2 Level3 Level4

Incident Poor fair high very high
Number of positive <20people 20-50people 50-100people >100people
confirmed cases of Covid-19/
100,000 population / week
Incidence of <5people <10people 10 - 30 people >30people
hospitalization/100 thousand
population
Death rate/100 thousand <1people <2people <5people >5people
population
Source: www.cnbcindonesia.com, 21 July 2021
The rules governing Public Activity provisions for community travel
15 Restrictions differ depending on the level conditions, including both private vehicles
of government in the region. This level and public transportation. Since July until
is determined by an assessment of the this article was written, Public Activity
pandemic situation, which serves as an Restrictions based on this level has been
indicator for tightening and loosening implemented in 6 periods, namely July
efforts to prevent and overcome the 21-25 July 2021, July 26- August 2 2021,
Covid-19 pandemic. The Public Activity August 2-9 2021, August 9-16 2021,
Restrictions Level 3-4 rules also include August 16-23 2021, and August 24-30.
Table 2. Public Activity Restrictions Rules Based on Level 1

Criteria Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4

Non-essential WFO 75% WFO 50% WFH 100% WFH 100%
work: WFO
(if already
vaccinated)
Essential works 100%. 100%. 100%. 100%.
are divided into
2 shifts (with
strict health
protocols)
Daily necessities 75%capacity 75% capacity, 50%capacity, 50%capacity,
shop or market close at 21.00 close at 20.00 close at 20.00
Traditional 75%capacity 75% capacity, 50%capacity, 25%capacity,
markets other close at 21.00 close at 15.00 close at 15.00
than daily
necessities
Shopping centers 75% capacity, 50% capacity, 25%capacity, Closed, except
such as malls close at 21.00 close at 20.00 close at 17.00 pharmacies and
and plazas drug stores
Continued Table 2.
Criteria Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4
Street vendors, close at 20.00 close at 20.00 close at 20.00 close at 20.00
barbershops and
the like
Food stalls, street 75% capacity, 50% capacity, 25% capacity, Maximum
vendors, hawker close at 21.00, close at 20.00 close at 20.00, capacity 3
stalls in open people, close
spaces (eating at 20.00
on the spot 30
minutes)
Indoor restaurant 75% capacity 50% capacity take away take away
Teaching and 50% online 50% online and 100% online 100% online
learning activities and 50%
offline
50% offline
16
Places of worship 50% capacity 50% capacity 25% capacity -
(strict health
protocols)
Source: www.kompas.com, 31 July 2021

For each period, the government
adjusted the mobility of the people in
stages and began to open several sectors
of the community's economy.
The extension of the Public
Activity Restrictions until August
16, 2021 produced positive results.
There will be a 76 percent decrease in
confirmed cases until August 15, 2021.
Meanwhile, the trend of the positivity
rate continued to decline, and patients
recovered more quickly. The high cure
rate also helped to reduce the number
of active cases or patients in need of
treatment.
Although there has been a slight
decrease in cases, the government
is cautious and concerned about the
possibility of a surge in new cases. As
a result, the government has decided
to delay the implementation of Public
Activity Restrictions in Java and Bali
until August 30, 2021, by lowering
the level to level 3. The government's
implementation of Public Activity
Restrictions Levels 1-4 in several
regions has begun to have an impact on
lowering the occupancy rate of beds in
hospitals, or Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR)
in Java.
Community Participation in
Policy Implementation
Several policies were enacted
by the government during this Public
Activity Restrictions Emergency
and Public Activity Restrictions
Level. Policies can run smoothly
and successfully if the community
participates actively in their
implementation.
To begin, on July 6, 2021, the
Ministry of Health partnered with
11 telemedicine service platforms to
monitor Covid-19 patients who were
self-isolating (kemkes.go.id, July 22,
2021). Telemedicine services, in general,
are not limited to Covid-19 complaints,
but also to other health complaints. By
reducing physical contact with health
workers, people can use this technology
to obtain health services.
Second, the Ministry of Health
approved the Covid-19 vaccination for
 pregnant women on August 3, 2021.
Previously, the government permitted
Covid-19 vaccinations for children aged
12 to 17 in early July 2021. The policy's
implementation necessitates community
participation in order for the Covid-19
vaccination to be successful.
Third, on August 16, 2021, the
Ministry of Health issued Circular No.
HK.02.02/I/2845/2021 Regarding
the Highest Tariff Limit for Reverse
Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction
(RT-PCR) Examination, which reduced
the price of the Covid-19 test using the
17 Neighborhood Units-PCR method.
The highest RT-PCR rates are in Java -
Bali for IDR 495 thousand and outside
of Java - Bali for IDR 525 thousand.
This restriction applies to people who
conduct inspections at their own request,
not for tracing or referring cases that
require government assistance. The
implementation of this policy necessitates
community support in order to
proactively check independently.
The community plays an important
role in the success of the government's
policy by: reporting existing cases
and being supportive when officers
conduct close contact screening;
complying with travel requirements in
accordance with applicable procedures;
supporting and proactively following
vaccinations; and conducting centralized
or independent isolation in an orderly
and disciplined manner if necessary.
The role of various societal elements is
also critical to the effectiveness of Public
Activity Restrictions. Monitoring at the
Neighborhood Units and Community
Units level, the establishment of
command posts in villages or sub-
districts, restrictions on community
activities, and policy communication are
the keys to building community resilience
in the face of the pandemic in order to
create a resilient society in Indonesia's
growing country.
Closing
The emergency Public Activity
Restrictions policy is a critical
momentum for the government to
demonstrate that all constructive
efforts are being made in Indonesia
to overcome the Covid-19 pandemic.
The government must provide
a better understanding to the
community about the restrictions
on mobility and the activities that
must be carried out at this time. The
estuary of this policy is awareness
and understanding, which motivates
every citizen to care for one another,
especially vulnerable citizens, who are
at risk of being exposed to Covid-19.
House of Representatives of
The Republic of Indonesia must
communicate to the government
whether or not the Public Activity
Restrictions will be extended. This
decision must be based on data and
facts that are transparent to the public.
Before making some adjustments
related to restrictions on activity
and community mobility, which
are carried out in stages through
Public Activity Restrictions level
assessments, the government must
consider aspects of health, economy,
and social dynamics.
References
"Ini Perbedaan Aturan PPKM Level 1,
2, 3 dan 4", 31 July 2021, https://
www.kompas.com/tren/
read/2021/07/31/150000165/ini-
perbedaan-aturan-ppkm-level-1-
2-3-dan-4, accessed on 17 August
2021.
“Oh Ternyata, Ini Beda PPKM Level
1 Sampai Level 4”, 21 July 2021,
https://www.cnbcindonesia.
com/news/20210721155751-4-
262526/o h-ternyata-ini-beda-
ppkm-level-1-sampai-level-4/2,
accessed on 17 August 2021.
“Penggunaan Telemedicine “Peta Sebaran Covid-19”, 24 August
Diperluas keJabar, Jateng, 2021, https://covid19.go.id/peta-
Jatim dan Bali”, 22 July 2021, sebaran-covid19, accessed on 18
https://sehatnegeriku. August 2021.
kemkes.go.id/baca/berita-
utama/20210722/2738165/
penggunaan-telemedicine-
diperluas-ke-jabar-jateng-jatim-
bali/, accessed on 18 August 2021.

18

Mohammad Mulyadi
mohammad.mulyadi@dpr.go.id

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Mulyadi, AP., M.Sc., completed his Government Expert studies
at the Jatinangor State College of Government (STPDN) in 1998, Masters in Sociology,
University of Indonesia in 2002, Doctor of Social Sciences Concentration in Government
Sciences, Padjadjaran University in 2008. He is a Research Professor of Political Sociology
Expertise at the Research Center of the House of Representatives of the Republic of
Indonesia Expertise Board. His writings are: 1) Community Participation in Village
Community Development; 2) Poverty, Identification of Causes and Management
Strategies; 3) Practical, Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods; 4) Quantitative
and Qualitative Research, and its Combination Practices in Social Research; 5) Community
Organizations, Concepts and Applications in Social Life; 6) Village, Social Dynamics of
Village Life.

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