CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The electric power system consists of three major functional blocks:-generation, transmission and
distribution. Today’s power transmission and distribution systems face increasing demands for more
power with better quality and higher reliability at lower cost.

As per quality consideration in power system, generation unit must generate adequate amount of
power, transmission unit should supply maximum power over long distances without overloading and
distribution system must deliver electric power to each consumer’s premises form bulk power systems.
The reason for the failure in the electric distribution network accounts for about 91% of the average
consumer’s interruptions. Earlier, power system quality focused on generation and transmission
system. But today, distribution system is receiving more attention as power quality is concerned.

Power quality [9] refers to the proper characteristics of supply voltage and also reliable and effective
process for delivering electrical energy to consumer. In other word, it is the power that enables
equipment’s to work properly. It is directly related to maintaining a smooth sinusoidal waveform of
voltage at rated frequency, and also free from noise and harmonic distortions. Therefore any deviations
of magnitude, frequency or purity from the ideal sinusoidal waveform form can be considered as power
quality issue. Poor power quality causes disturbance like voltage dip, voltage swell, voltage flicker,
and harmonic disturbance.

However, when good power quality is required, some kinds of compensator device are necessary to
overcome those power quality disturbance. Reactive power compensation is an important issue in the
control of electric power systems. Reactive power increases the transmission system losses and
reduces the power transmission capability of the transmission lines. Moreover, reactive power flow
through the transmission lines can cause large amplitude variations in the receiving-end voltage.

Thus to restore the required power quality, FACTS devices can be introduced. STATCOM is a shunt
connected FACTS devices which generate a three phase sinusoidal voltages at the fundamental
frequency with controlled amplitude and phase angle to support the system voltages.

Research proposal on power quality enhancement using DSTATCOM Page 1

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
The main cause of terminal voltage fluctuation, transients and waveform distortions on the distribution
system are the utility and customer-side disturbances.

Today, power distribution device and most of customer’ appliances are voltage sensitive. Both
customer and power system equipment’s are designed to operates with in arrange of voltage within ±5
% of the nominal voltage. At low voltages, many types of equipment perform poorly; light bulbs
provide less illumination, induction motors can overheat, and be damaged and some electronics
equipment will not operate totally. At high voltage, equipment’s can damage and shorten their life.

 System reactive requirements vary in time as load levels and load and generation patterns
change.
 To maintain voltages within acceptable levels.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUEDY

Good power quality is significant to both utility operators and consumers at all levels of usages
especially to nonlinear loads and sensitive devices placed in both industrial and domestic
environments.

The major significance of this research is:

 To reduce power losses of the distribution system. This increases the available energy to the
country.
 To maintain good power quality of the distribution system. This decreases the equipment's
from damage both to the customers and distribution systems. Implies to decreases the costs of
repairing.
 To increase the performance of the distribution system.
 To improve the power factors of the distribution network. It saves significant energy cost to
the customers.
 As an overall to use the existing energy wisely and to increase the life spans of the distribution
network devices and the customer electrical equipment’s.

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1.4 GENERAL AND SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
1.4.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVES
The main aim of this research is to study voltage quality improvement of Adama distribution system
by controlling reactive power using voltage source converter based DSTATCOM using MATLAB
/SIMULINK

 Maintaining voltages with in the acceptable level

1.4.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

 Design of voltage source convertor
 Design of DC-link capacitor
 Filter design
 Design of control system
 DSTATCOM will be modelled to provide current compensation with nonlinear loads.
 Controlling reactive power flows
 Modeling of power system with VSC based DSTATCOM

1.5 DILIMITATION/SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH

The scope of this research is controlling reactive power to maintain good power quality of Adama
distribution system and enhance voltage capability at customers load for Adama city’s people by
using VSC based DSTATCOM.

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CHAPTER TWO

2. LITRATURE REVIEW
Power quality is one of today’s most concerned areas of power system. Modern load consists of
electronic controllers which contribute to poor network voltage quality. Several research papers have
addressed the enhancement of current & voltage quality by use of custom power devices. A brief
literature review related to power quality improvement using DSTATCOM is presented here:

A systematic plan is required to detect power quality problems [1] in industrial, commercial or
residential facilities. This paper clarify about on site field measurements and routine checks on the
system, that can help to find these problems most of the time. The data gathered from the
measurements can help in recognizing the nature of the existing problem and also help to associate the
events to the problems. Non-linear loads, load switching, system faults, motor starting, load variations,
intermittent loads and arc furnaces usually cause [2] power quality disturbances. These cause many
electrical disturbances like voltage surge, voltage dip, harmonic distortions, interruptions and flicker.
This paper presents analysis of the real time industrial electrical Disturbances and power disturbance
some proposals to minimize or prevent problems caused by power disturbances. The operation,
performance, characteristics, applications for FACTS devices [3] like STATCOM are described. Basic
terms used in FACTS transmission system are presented. Various control strategies are discussed
which act as the performance index for the FACTS devices. The main Power Quality (PQ) problems
[4] are explained with their associated causes and consequences. The economic impacts associated
with PQ are characterized and some solutions to mitigate the PQ problems are presented.

Voltage flicker [5], a phenomenon of infuriating light intensity fluctuation, is caused by fast industrial
load variations and is the main problem for both customers and power companies in the area of power
quality. The quick response of the DSTATCOM makes it capable for improving power quality in
distribution systems. Voltage flicker mitigation studies with a current controlled PWM-based
DSTATCOM are also executed and discussed.

A VSC with pulse width modulation provides a rapid control for flicker easing purpose. The voltage
regulation in the distribution feeder is improved very effectively by installing a shunt compensator.
DSTATCOM is modelled and simulated to confirm the power factor correction and voltage regulation
along with neutral current compensation, harmonic elimination and load balancing with linear loads
and non-linear loads.

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The three-phase, three wire DSTATCOM is employed for power quality improvement [6].
DSTATCOM [7] is employed for load balancing, power factor correction, neutral current elimination
and voltage regulation in three-phase, four-wire distribution system feeding commercial and domestic
consumers. A four leg voltage source inverter (VSI) configuration with a dc bus capacitor is employed
as DSTATCOM. The compensator is designed such that it not only cleans the distortion created by
the load, but also improves the voltage quality at the point of common coupling (PCC).

DSTATCOM [8] is a compensating device which is employed to limit the flow of reactive power in
the distribution systems. The decoupled theory employing the PI controller is utilized to control the
DSTATCOM. The modelling & control of DSTATCOM using SIMULINK in MATLAB environment
is done.

Several research papers have addressed the enhancement of current & voltage quality by use of custom
power devices.

 Ms. Manju Aggarwal, Prof. S. K. Gupta Prof. Madhusudan, Dr. Gaurav Kasal [2], have
manages operation and control of a circulation static synchronous compensator (D-
STATCOM) for power quality change in no concurrent machine-based disseminated era as the
offbeat generator has poor voltage regulation

 R.Bondar & Altus [4]: have done research to increase the power quality by using static var
compensator (SVC). But this system is not fast transient response as a voltage source converter
based DSTATCOM. And SCR –thyristor switches which requires additional circuits to turn
off after conduction.

 In this paper SVC is replaced by STATCOM; with fast transient response and IGBT switch is
used in the VSC, both controlled turn on and turn-off to avoid additional circuits during turn
off.

 K.Sethy, J.K.Moharana [3] designed the linear modelling of STATCOM along with designs
of current and voltage controller to reactive power compensation with variations of DC-link
voltage. This paper suggests the design of linear current controller and voltage controller
independently on the bases of gain and time constant adjustment along with the parameters of
coupling inductor and storage capacitor. However, the control mechanism have two

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 frameworks; current and voltage controller design individually. This causes tedious and
complex.

 In the present paper current and voltage controller will have design simultaneously.

 In this paper, DSTATCOM will be realized using IGBT, and dqo transformation based PWM
current controller will be used to generate gating pulses for the IGBT switch.

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CHAPTER THREE

3. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

3.1 MATERIALS REQUIRED
 Voltage source converter
 Dc-link capacitor
 Input filter
 Voltage source converter switches/IGBT/
 Proportion integrator controller
 Coupling transformer
 PWM generator

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3.2 METHOD
 Collect data from Adama substation
 Collect data from customers

Collect data

 From Adama substation

 From the customer

Analyze the data

Design input Design dc-link Design proportional

filter capacitor Integral controller

Design VSC based DSTATCOM

Based on the parameter

Install DSTATCOM to the distribution

system

Test/evaluate
the result

3.1 design flow chart

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CHAPTER FOUR

4. WORK PLAN

Activates Nov Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr May June

.
Problem observation
& title selection
Proposal formation
Hypothesis, prediction
Collecting data
Analyze the data
Writing proposal
Proposal presentation
Correcting proposal
comments
Writing document
Modeling the
simulation
Designing hardware
implementation
Document submission
Final presentation

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REFERANCE

[1] Dominik Szabó1, Michal Reguľa2, Roman Bodnár3 and Juraj Altus4,’’Control of a SVC for
power quality improvement correction’’

[2] Ms. Manju Aggarwal, Prof. S. K. Gupta Prof. Madhusudan, Dr.Gaurav Kasal, “D-STATCOM
control in Low Voltage Distribution System with Distributed Generation” Third International
Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology,2010 IEEE.

[3] S.K.Sethy, J.K.Moharana, ‘‘Design, Analysis and Simulation of Linear Model of a STATCOM
for Reactive Power Compensation with Variation of DC-link Voltage’’

[4] R.Bondar & Altus ‘‘quality by using static var compensator (SVC)’’

[5] Singh, Bhim; Adya, Alka; Mittal, A. P.; Gupta, J. R. P, “Modelling and Control of DSTATCOM
for Three-Phase, Four-Wire Distribution Systems”, Conference on Industry Applications, Vol. 4, pp.
2428-2434, 2005.

[6] Singh, Alka; Bhowmick, Suman; Shukla, Kapil, “Load Compensation with DSTATCOM and
BESS”, IEEE 5th India International Conference on Power Electronics, Vol. 20, December 2012.

[7] Chang, Wei Neng; Yeh, Kuan Din, “Design and Implementation of DSTATCOM with
Symmetrical Components Method for Fast Load Compensation of Unbalanced Distribution
Systems”, 4th IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, Vol. 2, pp.
801-806, October 2001.

[8] Sharma, Rajan; Nijhawan, Parag, “ Role of DSTATCOM to Improve power Quality of
Distribution Network with FOC Induction Motor Drive as Load”, International Journal of Emerging
Trends in Electrical and Electronics, Vol.5, no. 1, July 2013.

[9] Rani, Rodda Shobha; Jyothi, B., “VSC Based DSTATCOM & Pulse-Width Modulation for
Power Quality Improvement”, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, Vol. 2,
pp. 38-41, 2011.

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Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE ..................................................................................................................................................1
1. INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ..........................................................................................................1
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT ........................................................................................................................2
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUEDY ........................................................................................................2
1.4 GENERAL AND SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................3
1.4.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................3
1.4.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................................3
1.5 DILIMITATION/SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH......................................................................................3
CHAPTER TWO .................................................................................................................................................4
2. LITRATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................................................................4
3. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY .........................................................................................................7
3.1 MATERIALS REQUIRED........................................................................................................................7
3.2 METHOD ..................................................................................................................................................8
CHAPTER FOUR................................................................................................................................................9
4. WORK PLAN ..................................................................................................................................................9
REFERANCE ................................................................................................................................................... 10

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