DEFINITE INTEGRATION

DEFINITION
b
A definite integral is denoted by f(x)dx which represents the algebraic area
-

Or algebraic sum of areas bounded by the curve y = f(x), the ordinates at

x = a, x = b and the x axis.
9
area
b) w
algebraic
faftnsdn gives
9,9--3
N =

ants
b =
f- In ) ,
n -

,
 b
Area always +
f f- In > die
DEFINITE INTEGRATION
a
DEFINITION Algebraic area → maybe
)
y=fM + or
-

y = for )
a b
O a A2 Ah

B O p,
As b
A
O a b AA : -
A) + Az As + A- g
-

f-fin,

}
A Atget Area
Algebra +
-
B

Area A Area → B Area : An + AHAHA

,
 DEFINITE INTEGRATION
NOTE

i¥g AA
b >o
(i) If f(x) is > 0 [a, b] then f(x)dx 0
a

-1111¥
b a

(ii) If f(x) is < 0 [a, b] then f(x)dx 0 AA < 0

a
b

**
(iii) If f(x)dx = 0 and f(x) is continuous [a, b] then equation f(x) = 0 has

II
a

¥¥
'

at least one root in (a, b).

←

,
 DEFINITE INTEGRATION
EXAMPLE
If 2a + 3b + 6c = 0 then prove that the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0
must have a root in (0, 1) f- IN )=0

f- In )=aÑ+bN+c ( continuous fun )

I

① tinson =
931>+3%2+9 / o

¥ .
f- ¥+ -1C
2a+3bg=O
 DEFINITE INTEGRATION
BAGGER
GENERAL EXAMPLES
B
3
{x} 0 x 1
Evaluate f(x)dx when f(x) = [x + 2] 1 x 2 [ n ] +2
0
6 − 2x 2 x 3
where [.] denotes greatest integer function & {.} denotes fractional part function
f
3
3
•-÷,
¥ 3 I { finds =
4.5

i. •
42 /I
:
§ 9cm )du=I{ I -

-
I DEFINITE INTEGRATION
EXAMPLE
y=✓Fñ 9=9 In )
Let the graph of y = g(x) be drawn as Semi circle
x
f(x) = g(t)dt H l
2
-

−1
Define f(x)
n –1
¥-9
1
n -1

⇐
-
IENEI J✓Ñdn –1
-

(z✓Fñ+tsiñn)
I
-

C- E.)

d- ( n -172
EL KNEZ
¥
-
 Ho
EP H
→
-
- - -
- - -
I f- IN
kin
-
É +
kid
-
IN
•
0
 G -_
f- In ) flu) > Ot NECA lb ] flu) Inc
:

DEFINITE INTEGRATION AB INITIO METHOD

DEFINITE INTEGRAL AS THE LIMIT OF SUM (FIRST PRINCIPLE METHOD)
b
y=fln )
/ for > In =
Y S

b- a=nh
a M

length
D
b=a+ny
C L

consider I edge as
9g
Q
we ⇐
b
flaxen -17h }
{
Sn # fla) -11-(9+4)
-1ha -12h)+ - - - -

P A B R
a X
O a+2h a+nh
g- a

length
I¥ge
.

consider as my
9g we
h > 0, h tending to 0
A
} thickness -1s -70

gn=h{ flaxen -11-19+21^7 " - "

tha " "
Moog strips __ n n -70
 DEFINITE INTEGRATION
DEFINITE INTEGRAL AS THE LIMIT OF SUM (FIRST PRINCIPLE METHOD)

=h§aYh
b ) I edge
Sn
sn f(x)dx Sn
a
Catrin ) edge
#
A%BfT-dgqgtf.g g#ISn--h
I
b n
f(x)dx = lim h.f(a + rh)
n→
a r =1

¥10 ¥1s b

II. II. sn-fatimdn-JIohniI.sn

"
I I
 i. É É .
÷÷É¥ EE
&
i ,
E
÷:
n
§ § I
f
ro
I
o
"
• g o
"
I
ÉÉ
as
£
. -
E
_nÉo →
.
 E
§
÷
-
:
÷
:*
0
U o
N
w w
w
§
I
.
g
*
§ mñ -
¥É
Is " "
¥
•