2

LOGARITHMS

SECTION-1(MCQs)
1. Ans (a) 5. Ans (c)
SOLUTION We have,
SOLUTION We have,

7log15lo 3 log
80 a+4b=12ab
a+4b+4ab =16ab
( a + 2b) =16ab
28 510 312 2 log (a + 2b) log 16 + log a+ log b
=

-
loB57*z15 32?53g 2 log (a + 2b) = 4 log 2 + log a + log b

2. Ans (c) log (a + 2b) = ( 4 log2+ log a + log b)

sOLUTION We have,
6. Ans (d)
log49 7 +log 25 V5 log 4 2
-

log 17.5 SOLUTION We have,

(75/2 x55/22) 9a+4b =18ab

log 25/2 5 log 17 5_5 9 a +12ab + 4b =30ab
log 17.5 2 log 17.5 2
(3a+ 2b) =30ab
3. Ans (a) 2 log (3a +2b) =log(5ax 3b x 2)
SOLUTION We have,
30 log (3a+ 2b) = {log 5a + log 3b + log 2}
log30 8 = log30 2" = 3 log30 2 = 3 log30
15
= 3 (log30 30 - logs0 15)
7. Ans (b)
= 3(1 - log10 3 - log30 5) = 3 (1 - x -y) SOLUTION We have,
2log1033 =3klog10 2
4. Ans (b)
2
(3/3)og10 = 3klog1o 2 ogay =yoga *]
SOLUTION It is given that
loga , lo8b X, loge X are in A.P.
log10 3klog102 k=
2 logb X = loga X + log X

2 log_log x log X 8. Ans (a)

logb log a log c SOLUTION We have,
2
log a l0g- log a + log 6
C
logs 64 logs
=
2 =6 logs 2 =

log b
log25 log22
10
2 log a log C log (ac)
=
6x 0.3010
logb =

log2 10-log2 2 -1 1-0.3010

2 log cc logb a = log ac
log10 2 0.3010
log c2logb " = log ac
1.8060 1806 602
clogb= ac (c2) =(ac)oga 0.699 699 233
 2
sOLUTIONS OF OB.JECTIVE MATHEM
2.2

9. Ans (c) log16 a+ log16 b log4

+ C =
2
AATHEMATICS
LOGARE
SOLUTION We have, log2 a+ log2 b +
2
log2 C
=2
19. An

los/2 V2 2/2/2 log3 a + log3 b + log3 C =2 LUT

2
15
15
log4 a + log4 b + log4 C =2
=log /2 2 lo82 216 =

lb log, 2 =

8
log2 (a-be)=4, log3 (ab*c) =4, loE4 (abc2) =4

10. Ans (b) abc =2, abc = 3* and abc2 =44

SOLUTION We have, 34 44
(abc) (abc) (abc~) =2tx
x

logb(logb X) abc =24

a
logb a
=aogb(loEb ). loga =aloga (logb
b ) =
logp x
(abc)* =(2 x 3x 4)*
16 2
Now, a bc = 2* and abc = 24 a=-
11. Ans (c) 24

ab c = 3* and abc =24>b= 81 27

SOLUTION We have,
loga(logb a)_log (log, a) logb 8
logb (logab) log a log(loga b) 256 3 2
abc =4 and abc = 24 c=

24 3
log
log a
logb) log b 15. Ans ()
log a
log
logb SOLUTION We have,

log a
y =2
08x y 8
=2088
log(loga)-log (log b) log b
log a log (log b) -log (log a) 1/ =2823* - 21/3) log2 * =2loE2 * =x/3 -

log -logaD. 16. Ans (d)

log a
sOLUTION We have,
12. Ans (d)
logy X
=log: Y =
logx Z =i (say)
sOLUTION We have, X =y, y=z*, z =x

logo98+a-6=2 xyz =(xy2)*= (xy2)*- =1 =(xyz) =1

X =y = Z
98 +| x-6|=10
17. Ans (a)
x-6| =2x-6 = t 2 ~x
=8, 4 SOLUTION We have,
13. Ans (b)
32x+1 4-1 =36
SOLUTION We have,
a = = c =d" 32x+1x 22x -2 = 36
a =b, a = and a =d
3x 32xx =36
x log a = y log b, x log a = z log c and x log a = w log d

(3x 2)= 48 6 =48 36" =48x =log36t)

* = log, b, = loga Cand= logad
W
18. Ans (d)
+ log,b+ loga C+log, d SOLUTION We have,
w
1 2
2
log, bed log 10 loga 10
log10 X = 2 log10 a-2
14. Ans (a log10 X = log10
SOLUTION We have,
log1o100
lgz a +log4 b + log4 C=2 a a
log10 X= log10 10n
100 100
logya+ loE3 b + log9 C=2
MATHEMATICS
LOGARITHMS

2.3
19. Ans (b)
24. Ans (c)
sOLUTION We have,
SOLUTION We have,
lo812 27 =a

log123=a 2x 34x =100

( 2 x 9) =100
3 log12 3 =a

=log3 12 x = logi8 100 xe(1, 2) 18' =18 and 18= 324]

a
25. Ans (b)
= log3 (2 x 3) = 2 log3 2+ log33
SOLUTION We have,
=2 log3 2+1 2log10X =1000 x
3-a 2 log10 X =log8x 1000 x
2 log3 2 =log2 3 = 2a ..1)
3-a 2 log10 X = logx 10 + logx X
Now, 2 log10 X = 3 logr 10 + 1

log6 16 =
log6 2 =4 1O86 4
2 y - y - 3 =0 where y= log10 *
log2 6
4 4 ( 2 y -3) (y + 1) =0
log6 10 [Using )]
log, 3 + l082
2a1
3-a

log 16-4Sa log10X =2

- 1 x=10*2, 10 x =10/10,101
(3+a

26. Ans (c)

20. Ans (
SOLUTION We have, SOLUTION We have,
log105 = x
(4.2) =(0.42 =100
10
r = log4.2 100 and

log100 4.2 and= log100 0.42

y = loga42 100
log102
l o g 0 10 - log10 2=x 1 -log10 2 =x lo8102 =1 - x
Now,
-=log100 4.2-log100 0.42 logs 1250 = logs 5" x 2 =4 logs 5 + logs 2 =4 + logs 2
1
=log100 =12 log100 10 4 log25 4+
1
0.42 2 10 log2 10-log2 2
082 2
21. Ans (a)
SOLUTION We have, -4+ =4+ 1-x_1+33+
logs X = 2.5 and log2 y =5
1-x

r=(8)°/ andy =23 27. Ans (a)

x =2 and y = 2° x = y°"/2 SOLUTION We have,

22. Ans (a)

531 log102- log1o 25
SOLUTION We have,
3+ logs X 2 log25 Y log105
=

531 log102-,
3 logs
5+ logs X logs =
y 5810 232 2lo81052x +1

logs (X x 5) =logs y 125 x =y x=- 32 o8105 =2lo81052x+1

125
23. Ans (b)
SOLUTION We have, 3x. log10 5 =
logjo 52x +
log a log b_log -
3 (say) 53x-52x+1
5
a=10, b=10*^ and c =10° ^=b =ac 3x2x +1 3x-2x-1 =0 x =1,-
 2.4

28. Ans (d) SOLUTIONS

sOLUTION We have,
33. Ans (c) BJECTIVE MATH
log (4xOE5 +5) =2 logsx
logr (4xoE5 * + 5) =logs x2
SOLUTION
3
We have,
3
AEMATCS
P 2 log3 X= 2 083 =2-6
64 3
4x85 T+5 =xog5* 6
log3 X
4xo5+5 =x2logs5x log3 X =- x = 3-1/2 1
3
4y+5 =y, where y =xog5 x 34. Ans (c)
y-4y -5 =0 SOLUTION We have,
y =5, -1
a =1+ logx yz =
logx * +
logx yz
o85 =5 b =1 +
logy zx
=
log, xyz
=
logy y +
lo8y ZX
logy
y-11 and,
=

c =1 + xyz
logs X = logr 5 log, Xy =
logz z +
logz xy =

log, xyz
(logs ) =1 logs X =t 1 x=5,5 a
b C
=
log xyz X+ logxyz y* 108xyz 2= lo8rg Xyz
29. Ans (a) ab +bc + Ca =abc =1
SOLUTION We have, 35. Ans (c)
loge X + loge (1 + x) =0 SOLUTION We have,
logex(1 + x) =0 x (1 +x) =e +x-1 =0
logx log y log z
a +ab +b b +bc c2
30. Ans (c) +
c +ca +a2A(say)
a-b)
(a
SOLUTION We have, logx_(b-c) log y_(c-a) log z=
33=)log

b3-3 c-a3
x =

log3 5 and y =
log17 25
=
log3 5 and y =
2 log17 5
log - b
log y-c log z a

=logs 3 and a3-b3 3-c3

y
log5 17
log -b =2 (a3 -b'), log y-C ^(6-) =

:= logs 9andy= logs 17

log =i(-)
x>y log - + log y"- + log z a =0

31. Ans (b)

log (-b y--a) =0
SOLUTION We have, a-bb-Cz-a=1
36. Ans (a)
X
loga bc, y logb ca, z logc ab
=
=
=

1+x =loga a + loga bc, 1 + SOLUTION We have,

y log, b + logb =

ca,
1+z = log C+ logc ab
log (2a- 3b) = log a - log b
1+r =loga abc, 1 +y =log, abc, 1 +z =log abc log(2a 3b) =log
1 logabe a + logabe b + logabe C
1+x 1 +y 1+z
2a 3b = 2ab 3b2
-

3b =a a
=-
=
logabc abc =
1. 2b -1
32. Ans (b) 37. Ans (c)
sOLUTION If 2 <x <2°, then 2 SOLUTION We have,
<
log2 x <3
2<log2 7<3 log 3
log 510g=a (say)
: 2 <7 <2'] y-2 Z -x
Let log2 7 be a rational number equal to, where log 3 =
(x
-y), log 5 =^(y -z), log 7 A(z -) =

m, n e Z, n # 0. Then, 3 =10V), 5 =10^-3), 7 =10(-)

7 2m/7 = 7" = 2"m
This is not possible as LHS is an odd natural number and RHS
3 573+*=10A(x-y)10 2 102-x)
is an even natural number
3.5z.73+X =10 2222)=10 =1
 2.5
TICS LOGARITHMS

2 log (a + 2b) = log 16ab

( +4 log 2
38.Ans
log (a + 2b) loga+ log b
2 =

SOLUTION We h a v e ,

+ logb + 4 log 2)

log2 82 = 8 2 C_ (say) log (a + 2b) =(log a

5
_

2 3 , b 2 * * and
c = 252k 42. Ans (a)
a =2
SOLUTION We have,
abc=1 25 16
25Ak=1 3 loB B0 +5 log+7 log 15
2 x 2l6 x
5Ak-25k =2 5 k - 25k =0 =5

la55g 7 1o5
39. Ans (b)
SOLUTION We have,

log
a_log =8= (say) = log
b-C C-a a-b
510
=log12535 35*32 57og
log2
10%(a b)
-
312
a=10* ,b =10*C-a, c =

b c=10^a-C).10c-a), 10c(a -b)

b 10a(-)+ b(C -a) +da b}}=10
x0
=1o -

=1 43. Ans (b)

SOLUTION We have,
40. Ans (d)
SOLUTION We have, log(x + y) =log 2+log +log8y x

log (x+ y) =log (4 xy)

0> r =y
=4xy> (x -y)
=

(X+ )

44. Ans (a)

sOLUTION We have,
0
logr (log2 (log7 )
=
= loB2/51 (2) = log(2/5) 2 = loga4 2
x=74
log2 (log7 x) =t log7 x =2
log 2.5 45. Ans (b)
(0.16) SOLUTION We have,
= (0.16)oga4 2

=b, b =c andc =a
= [(0.4) 1 log04 2 = (0.4)2 log a4 2 = (0.4) log04 2 = 22 - 4
a
: b = a and a = c
b=(c)*
41. Ans (c) b=
SOLUTION We have,
b=(b* :c=]
a2 +4b2 12ab
b =b xyz =FI
(a+2b) =16ab

SECTION-II (NVTQS)
1. Ans 0 2. Ans 0

sOLUTION We have, SOLUTION We have,

2log3 7-7log3 2 -7log3 2 -7log3 2 =0
5vlogs7 Vlog75 Ogay =ylo8a *]
1 3. Ans 3
= 5-73, where x = logs 7
SOLUTION We have,
3+log 343
= logs 7 x =logs 7 7 =5*
log los 125
-5-5 =0
 SOLUTIONS OF OBJECTIVE MATHt

2.6 = 34 log32 +27log36 81log35 MATHEMATIC

3+ log 7 LOG
3log3 2+(33)log3 6+(34)log3
5

2+ log 72-log 2)+ 3

log 53 14.
=3log3 16 (33 log3 (34ylox3
6 5
+
3+ 3 log7 SOL
= 3log3 16 +3lo83 6 +3log3 5
2+(log 7-log 2)log 5
3(1+log 7) =16 + 6 +5* = 16 + 216 + 625 = 857
2+ log 7 -(log 2 + log 5)
9. Ans 8
3(1 +log 7) 3 (1 +log)-3.
2 + log 7-log 10 1 + log 7 SOLUTION We have,
log2 X+ log4 X + lo816 X=
4. Ans 3
SOLUTION We have, 21
loga X+log2 X+log2 x=44
loss1log 1logs1+5+logs124 log2 X = log2 X = 3 x =2 =8
-logs *. og logs-3
10. Ans 32

5. Ans 27 SOLUTION We have,

SOLUTION We have, logs (logs (log2 «) =
0
logs (log2 ) =5 log2 X =5 *=2r=32
log(x-y)-log 5logx-log y=0
0 11. Ans 1
2log (x-y) -2 log 5 -log x - log y =

(x--1
sOLUTION The given equation is meaningful if x - 1>0and
X-y 25 x-3 >0i.e. x> 3.
25xy
2 Now,

-25 - 2-25 -27 log4 (x -1) = log2 (x- 3)

log2 (x-1) =log2 (x -

3)
6. Ans 6
SOLUTION We havve, l o g 2 (x -1) =2log2 (x - 3)

log10 343 =2.5353 log2 (x -1) = log2 (x - 3)

log10 7 =2.5353
-2.5353 x - 1 =(x - 3)
3 log107 =2.5353 log107
3 r-7x + 10 =0 x =5, 2 x =5
Now, 7" > 10
Hence, the given equation has just one solution.
log10 7" > log10 10
15 12. Ans 5
n25353) n>5.916
nlog107 >5 3 2.5353 SOLUTION We have,
Hence, the least value of n is 6.
log log log,(5x 4x =0
7. Ans 10
SOLUTION We have, log4 log, (5x+ 4x-
4log939log2 4 =10logx 83
log, (5x+ 4x3) =4
lo8322glog 22 =10logr 83
41/2 +92=10lo8x 83
5x +43=x
83 10o8r 83
(-4x -5) =0
log10 83 =log, 83x =10 (x-5) (x +1) =0 = x=5 x+0 and x >0
8. Ans 857
13. Ans 3
SOLUTION We have,
SOLUTION We have,
1
3 log49+27 log 369 81 logs 3 =g log2 3 +27 log63 +81 log5 3 loge 2x logr 27 =logi0 8 x loge 10
loge 2x 3 log, 3 =3 log, 2 log, 3 =1 x=3
 2.7
LOGARITHMS

17. Ans 32
14. Ans 5
SOLUTION We have,
SOLUTION We have,
log4 2+ log4 4 + log4 16 + log4 X =6
log2 log2 log4 256 + 2 log,z 2
4x 16 x x) =6
= log2 (log2 (log4 4") +2 log,1/22 log4 (2 x

46 32
=
log2 (log2 4) + 4 loE2 2 =
log2 2+4 log2 2 =1 +4 =5
log4 128x =6 128x =4° x 128
15. Ans1
18. Ans1
SOLUTION We have,
SOLUTION We have,
logXlogY_ 108- r(say)
a-b b -c c -a
(log16 )-log16 X
+ log16 k
=0
log x a (a -b), log y =a (b c), log ^ (c a)
1+1-4logi6 k
-

=
-
z =

0 0 > 1
log x +
log y + log z =
log xyz =
xyz = log16 X=F
2
16. Ans1
if 1+1-log2
SOLUTION The two sides of the equation are meaningful, log16 =
2
- x>0 and x +1 > 0 i.e. if x e(-1, 0).
Now, . log16 X is real, if 1 -log2 k 20
then
has exactly o n e solution,
log (-) =2 log (r +1) If this equation
=2
-X =(r+1) log2 k =1 k
- 3+ v5
x+3x+1 =0 x= xe-1, 0)1
2
CHAPTER TEST
SECTION-I(MCQs)
3. Ans (b)
1. Ans (a)
SOLUTION We have,
SOLUTION We have,
=2
log6(x+ 3) log6 X
-

3/2) (log2 x-3) =2-3

log = 2 =62 =r+3 =36x I = 35
(log2 X-3) =log, 2
4. Ans (c)
3 logr 2
log2 X- 3) =-

SOLUTION We have,

2 x92x+3 =
7X +5
(log2 X-3) =- log2 * 2x 92 x 93 = 7* x 75
(log2 )-3 (log2 ) +2 =0 log (2x 3* x 3°) = log (7 x 7 )

(log2 X-1) (log2 X-2) =0 x log 2 +log 3 +6 log 3

4x = x log 7 +5 log 7
=1, 2 =2, 24 5 log7 -6 log 3
x(log 2 +4 log 3-log 7)
x
log2 X =

2. Ans (d)D
5 log 7 -6 log 3 5 log 7 6 log 3
log 2 +4 log 3 -log7 log 162 log 7
SOLUTION We have,
>1
5. Ans (b)
log4 (3x +11x)
SOLUTION We have,
3 x + 11x >4

3x+11x-4>0>(x+4) (3x-1)>0 > X<-4 or

x > log7 logs (Wa +5 +) =0

But, log4 (3x+ 11x) is defined for 3x

+ 11x >0 logs (x+5+ V) =70
ie. for x>0 or x <
11 x+5+Vx =5
X+5 =5-Vx
x+5 25+x -2x5x vx
Hence, x E(-0, -4) U(1/3, o)
0 20-10/x x =4
 2.8
SOLUTIONS OF OBJECTIVE
MA
6. Ans (d)
SOLUTION We have,
log1o 2.3 =and log10 2.3 =+1
y
AATHEMAT
logs log (a+4 + V=0 1 1.1
log4 (x+4 + Va) =1 12. Ans (a)
+4+ Vr =4 SOLUTION We have,
a+4-4-V 10-+10-1-
x+4=16-8Vx +x 2/x =3 x =4
T0
1 0 + 10*
7. Ans (b)
3

SOLUTION We have,
3x (10 ) (10*) + 3 =0
-10

logx (4x +5) =x -1 (10 3) (310* -1) =0

-4x+5 =x -1 10 3 or
10 = x=log10 3 or
x-5x +6 =0 x =2, 3 x=-
S10 3
8. Ans (c) 13. Ans (b)
SOLUTION We have, SOLUTION We have,
log10 X=y
log3 log 0 2
lo8 log10X=
14. Ans (a)
log6 SOLUTION We have,
1
X
=62-5x
X-1
+6 =0X=2, 3 log3 T log4 Tt

logn 3 + logn 4 >x

9. Ans (a) log 12 >x
SOLUTION We have, T <12
x = log2 3 and y = log1/2 5 Hence, the greatest integral value of x is 2.
x = log2 3 and y = log,-1 5
15. Ans (b)
X = log2 3 and y = - log2 5
sOLUTION We have,
x>0 and y <0 > x>y Sn (X) =n loSn1 = log,n! X" (1!)nC) =
10. Ans (d)
16. Ans (a)
SOLUTION We have,
log+2 ( - 3x -6x + 8) -3 SOLUTION We have,
log2 sin x - log2 cos x - log2 (1 - tan x) = - 1

-3x -6x +8 =(x+2)

Sin
x-3x-6x+8 = rs +6x +12x +8 log2 -1
cos x (1 - tan x)
9x4+18x = 0 x = 0 , - 2
tan 2-1
logr+2 (x - 3x -6x +8) is defined for 1-tan 4x
2 tan x
x-3x-6x +8>0 and x + 2 >0 =l tan 2x =tan 2x =nm +,neZ
1 -tanx
X =0
nTT
11. Ans (c) X= neZ
SOLUTION We have,
17. Ans (b)
(2.3) (0.23 =1000
=

SOLUTION We have,
2.3 103/" and 0.23 =103/y log, ax log bx loga c
=1
2.3=103/* and 2.3 =103/y +1 =(logb ax loge b) loga C= log, a x log, c =log8a
 LOGARITHMS
2.9

18. Ans (b) 19. Ans (c)

SOLUTION We have, SOLUTION For x=- 2, we have
loga ab = *

loga a+ loga b = x log -2log, (4x*)

1
1+loga b =x > logab=x-1 > log, a =
X-1
=
loga1 -2 1log,2 (2) =0-2xlog2 2--6
Now,
20. Ans (b)
log, ab =log, a + logb b
X-1
+1 =X-1 soLUTION 4xlogas 2-4xlog1/2 2-4x log,-12
"loB224

SECTION-lI (NVTQS)
21. Ans 0 log3 y=2 logr X y = 36 =9
SOLUTION We have,
24. Ans 1
log2 log2 logs log3 273 SOLUTION We have,

log2 (x-1) =2 log2 (x 3)

-

= log2 log2 log3 log3 3 x-1 =(x -3) x -7x + 10 =0x=2,5

defined for x 3
log2 (x-1) and log2 (x 3) are
- >
= log2 [log2 (logs 9)) = log2 [log2 2] = log2 1 = 0 But,
Hence, x =5 is the only solution.
22. Ans 6
SOLUTION We have, 25. Ans 2
2 logs a =x, log2 2a = y and y - x =4 SOLUTION We have,

log2 a =r and log2 2 + log2 a =y and y - x =4

log2 logs -4x+85)-
1 + = y and y - x =4 x=6 log2 (log3 (x -4x + 85)) =8 =2

log3 (-4x +85) 2

23. Ans 9
-4x +85 3
SOLUTION We have,
log3 Xx logr 2x x log2x y = log, X
x -4x +4 =0 (x-2) =0x=2