THE IMPACT OF DEPRESSION AMONG STUDENTS IN

MORONGNATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

CHAPTER 1

In this chapter shows the background of study, statement of the problem, assumption of the
study, theoretical framework, conceptual framework, scope and limitation and definition of
terms.

Background of the study

According to Erica Riba and Diana Cusumano Depression is a medical condition that can affect
a student's ability to work, study, interact with peers, or take care of themselves. Symptoms of
depression may include: difficulty sleeping, or sleeping too much, appetite changes, withdrawing
from participating in activities once enjoyed, feeling of sadness, hopelessness, unhappiness,
and difficulty concentrating on school works. Symptoms of depression can also leads to
thoughts of suicide.

Furthermore, this study aims to determine and to know more about the impact of depression to
everyone. According to the study of prevalence of depression in adolescent students of a public
school by Vivek Bansal, Sunil Goyal, and Kalpana Srivastava Three to nine per cent of
teenagers meet the criteria for depression at any one time, and at the end of adolescence, as
many as 20% of teenagers report a lifetime prevalence of depression. Usual care by primary
care physicians fails to recognize 30-50% of depressed patients.

in addition, being a students who experience it is not easy, because when you have a problem
its hard to give a solution to that problem. According to John M. Grohol, Psy.D. (2020),
Depression is the common cold of mental disorder. Most people will be affected by depression
in their lives either directly or indirectly, through a friend or family

member out depression is commonplace, e.g., with regard to what depression exactly is and
what makes it different from just feeling down

additionally based on the study of Jane Collingwood (2018) Depression in Students may be
particularly vulnerable to depression, with rates at around 14 percent according to one study in
Dublin, Ireland. The background rate among the general population is thought to be around
eight to 12 percent.
About half (46.7 percent) of U.S. young people aged 18 to 24 years are enrolled in college on a
part-time or full-time basis, so this represents a significant number of individuals. The 2006
National Survey of Counseling Centers showed that 92 percent of college directors believe the
number of students with severe psychological problems. has increased recent years, and is a
growing concern."

Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide . In Chile, as in the world, this disorder
constitutes a significant public health problem . Recent findings show that, in the last year,
18.2% of the adult Chilean population present depressive symptoms and 6.2% meet the criteria
for major depression (MD) . It is the second leading cause of disability-adjusted life years
(DALYs) and the first one among women between 20 and 44 years .

In the Chilean health system, most of MD patients (90%) are diagnosed and treated at primary
health care (PHC) . At this level of care, among patients with MD, the prevalence of anxiety
comorbidity and adverse life experiences is higher than 80% , associated with greater symptom
severity and lower clinical remission at 12 months . These findings are consistent with the
current knowledge in the field, which also shows that neither psychiatric comorbidities nor
adverse life experiences are adequately screened in PHC clinical samples .

CHAPTER 2

Depression
Depression is a serious condition that negatively affects how a person thinks,
feels, and behaves. In contrast to normal sadness, clinical depression is
persistent, often interferes with a person’s ability to experience or anticipate
pleasure, and significantly interferes with functioning in daily life.

Depression (major depressive disorder or clinical depression) is a common but

serious mood disorder. It causes severe symptoms that affect how you feel,
think, and handle daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working. To be
diagnosed with depression, the symptoms must be present for at least two
week.

To establish differentiated depressive subtypes using a latent class analysis (LCA), including
clinical and functional indicators in a sample of depressed patients consulted in Chilean Primary
Health Care. Methods. A LCA was performed on a sample of 297 depressed patients consulted
in Chilean PHC. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the Hamilton Depression
Rating Scale, the Outcome Questionnaire -social role, and interpersonal subscales were as
instruments.
 A regression analysis of the different subtypes with sociodemographic and adverse life
experiences was performed. Results. In a sample characterized by 87.5% of women, two, three,
and four latent class models were obtained. The three-class model likely represents the best
clinical implications. In this model,the classes were labeled: “complex depression” (CD) (58% of
the sample), “recurrent depression” (RD) (34%), and “single depression episode” (SD) (8%).
Members of CD showed a higher probability of history of suicide attempts, interpersonal, and
social dysfunction. Psychiatric comorbidities differentiated the RD from SD.

According to a multinomial regression model, childhood trauma experiences, recent stressful life
experiences, and intimate partner violence events were associated with the CD class.
Limitations, The vast majority of participants were females from Chile and the sample studied
was not random. So, the results may not necessarily represent outpatient clinics. Conclusions.
This study can provide additional evidence that depression, specifically in female gender, could
be better understood as a complex heterogeneous disorder when clinical and functional
indicators are studied. Furthermore, adverse life experiences starting in childhood could lead to
a differentiated complex depressive subtype.