Activity 6

OBJECTIVE -To verify that angle in a semi-circle is a right angle, using vector
method.
MATERIAL REQUIRED - white paper, adhesive, pens, geometry box, eraser
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION

1. On white paper draw a circle, with centre O and radius 10 cm.

2. Fix points at the points O, A, B, P and Q. Join OP, OA, OB, AP, AQ, BQ, OQ and
BP using coloured pens.
3. Put arrows on OA, OB, OP, AP, BP, OQ, AQ and BQ to show them as vectors,
using coloured pens, as shown in the figure.
DEMONSTRATION
1. Using a protractor, measure the angle between the vectors ⃗ AP and ⃗ BP i.e., ∠
APB = 90°
2. Similarly, the angle between the vectors ⃗
AQ and ⃗ BQ , i.e., ∠ AQB = 90°.
3. Repeat the above process by taking some more points R, S, T, ... on the
semi-circles, forming vectors AR, BR; AS, BS; AT, BT; ..., etc., i.e., angle
formed between two vectors in a semi-circle is a right angle.
OBSERVATION
By actual measurement
 APPLICATION
This activity can be used to explain the concepts of
(i) opposite vectors
(ii) vectors of equal magnitude
(iii) perpendicular vectors
(iv) Dot product of two vectors.

Activity 7

OBJECTIVE -To evaluate the definite integral as the limit of a sum

and verify it by actual integration.
MATERIAL REQUIRED-white paper, scale, pencil, graph paper
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
1. Draw two perpendicular lines to represent coordinate axes XOX′ and YOY′ on
graph paper.
2. Draw a quadrant of a circle with O as centre and radius 1 unit (10 cm) as shown in

Fig.The curve in the 1st quadrant represents the graph of the function
in the interval [0, 1].
DEMONSTRATION
1. Let origin O be denoted by P0 and the points where the curve meets the x-axis
and y-axis be denoted by P10 and Q, respectively.
2. Divide P0 P10 into 10 equal parts with points of division as, P 1 , P2 , P3 , ..., P9.
3. From each of the points, Pi, i = 1, 2, ..., 9 draw perpendiculars on the x-axis to
meet the curve at the points, Q1 , Q2 , Q3 ,..., Q9 . Measure the lengths of P 0 Q0 , P1
Q1 , ..., P 9 Q 9 and call them as y 0, y 1 , ..., y 9 whereas width of each part
Activity 8
OBJECTIVE-To explain the computation of conditional probability of a given event A,
when event B has already occurred, through an example of throwing a pair of dice.
MATERIAL REQUIRED - white paper pen/pencil, scale, a pair of dice.
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION 1. Take a white paper and make a square and
divide it into 36 unit squares of size 1cm each (see Fig.).
2. Write pair of numbers as shown in the figure.
OBSERVATION-