NAME: Khan Aamir Kadar.

ENROLLMENT NO.: 1900020414.

ROLL NO.: 19517.

SUBJECT: CONSUMER ELECTRONICS.

BRANCH: EJ4I.
 MAHARASHTRA STATE

BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr Khan Aamir Kadar Roll no. 19517 of

4th semester of diploma in Electronics and
Telecommunication engineering of institute MH Saboo Siddik
Polytechnic (code: 0002) has completed the term work
satisfactorily in course Consumer Electronics (22425) for the
academic year 2020 to 2021 as prescribed in curriculum.

Place: Mumbai Enrolment no: 1900020414

Date: 09/06/2021 Exam seat no:.......…………

Subject teacher Head of department Principal

Seal of
institute
 Index

Sr. Title Date of Date of Signature

No. Performanc Submissi
e on
01. How to 01/04/2021
test the
performa
nce of the
mic.
02. How to 01/04/2021
test a
speaker.
03. Check 08/04/2021
output
voltage
and
power of
Hi-Fi
amplifier.
04. Identify 08/04/2021
 any three

different
faults by
voltage
analysis
method
for Hi-Fi
audio
amplifier
05. Select 15/04/2021
exact
speed to
write a CD
for given
type of
data.
06. Install/Tes 15/04/2021
t the CD
for given
data.
09. Use 22/04/2021
multimete
r to test
voltages
at various

test
points of
Horizontal
section of
colour TV
receiver.

10. Use 22/04/2021

multimete
r to test
voltages
at various
test
points of
Vertical
section of
 colour TV
receiver.
14. Test the 29/04/2021
performa
nce of TV.
15. How to 29/04/2021
test the
LCD TV.
16. Test the 06/05/2021
work and
performa
nce of
Camcorde
r.
17. Test the 06/05/2021
various
features
of the
given type
of printer.
 Practical no. 1
AIM: HOW TO TEST THE PERFORMANCE OF A MICROPHONE
APPARATUS: Microphone, Digital Multimeter.
DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE: When performing a practical test of a microphone be

sure to get manufacturers info about specifications and applications.
Besides the reading, it is a good idea to compare against a known
reference, for instance, a measurement microphone with a linear
response, for example the 4006A Omnidirectional Microphone.
To perform the comparison, place the reference microphone as close as
possible to the microphone being tested. Test with a voice and musical
instruments as sound sources and make sure to check both on-axis and
off-axis response.Start your test around 30 cm (1 ft) from the
microphones on axis. Then move off-axis to check any coloration; for
instance, 45° to the side followed by 45° up. Include both a close-up
test (checking for pop-noise and proximity-effect) as well as an
ambience test 3-4 meters (10-12 ft) away.

Finally, make an 180° test at 3-4 meters to verify the coloration and
attenuation from the rear. Normally the manufacturer encloses a
product description with the microphone. It is a good idea to read the
description carefully and prepare a focused test of the manufacturer's
listed features and the product specifications. Make sure you are using
the product for an appropriate application. If no graphs or curves are
enclosed with the literature, do not hesitate to contact the
manufacturer for this information.

CONCLUSION: Thus, we have successfully test the performance of

microphone.
 Practical no.2
AIM: How to Test a speaker APPARATUS:
Speaker, Multimeter.
DAIGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
How to test Speaker: In this guide, we will show you how
to test a speaker Using a battery, as well as a multimeter.
Follow the Sections below to get started.
Disconnect the speaker: The speaker needs to be
disconnected from the Amplifier. If the speaker cable
itself has a ¼ inch Connector to the amplifier, you can
actually test the Speaker from the cable. If the cable
connectors to The speaker are terminal receptacles, you
will need To slide them off the terminals.
Testing the speaker: There are two common ways to test
a speaker. If You’re in a pinch, you can use a 9-volt
battery.
The More accurate way, if you have the tools, is to use a
Multimeter. These two methods can be used when
Testing a mid-range or lower frequency woofer. Testing a
tweeter is a little different.
Testing speaker with a battery: You will need a 9-volt
battery and two small single Conductor cables to connect
the battery to the Speaker terminals. The easiest thing is
to get a 9-volt Battery connector (like one in a guitar
pedal). Then, Connect that to the battery. Also, if the
spacing of the Terminals are right, you might be able to
touch the Battery to the terminals without the use of
wires at All.
Testing speaker with a multimeter: If a speaker measures
very low or no resistance, Then it is bad. This means
there is a short inside the Speaker. If the speaker
measures a very high Resistance, it is also bad. This
means there is a Broken connection in the speaker.
Either way, the Speaker will need to be replaced. The
impedance of the speaker, measured in ohms, Is typically
listed on the back of the speaker. This Value deals with
an AC signal (alternating current), The electrical signal
that causes a speaker to move. When you Measure with
a multimeter,you measure resistance (also measured in
ohms). This value deals with DC (direct current) that is
Applied to the speaker. This value will be slightly Lower
than the impedance value of the speaker.
CONCLUSION: Thus, we have successfully learn how to
test a speaker.
 Practical no.3
AIM: Output voltage and power of Hi-fi Amplifier

APPARATUS: voltmeter Signal Generator DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
These may either be Low-Level RCA's or Hi-Level input
wires from the source unit. Disconnect all speaker wires
from the output connectors of the amplifier. ... Voltmeter
set to ~ AC VOLTS, in a range of 10 to 100 Volts, connect
the voltmeter (+) test lead to a single channel of the
amplifier (+) output. Using a Signal Generator to Measure
Amplifier.
Output Voltage:
Disconnect the source inputs from the amplifier. These
may either be Low-Level RCA's or Hi-Level input wires
from the source unit. Disconnect all speaker wires from
the output connectors of the amplifier. Disable any
electronic crossovers built-in to the amplifier and/or
disconnect any passive crossovers installed at the
amplifier outputs. With the Signal Generator OFF,
connect the output of the Signal Generator to the inputs
of the amplifier using short RCA cables.
With the A.C. Voltmeter set to ~ AC VOLTS, in a Range of
10 to 100 Volts, connect the voltmeter (+) Test lead to a
single channel of the amplifier (+) Output. Connect the
voltmeter (-) test led to the same amplifier channel’s (-)
terminal. If the amplifier Is being operated in
Bridged/Mono mode, connect. The test leads to the (+)
and (-) bridged output.
Terminals of the amplifier. Turn the Signal Generator ON
and adjust to a Frequency used to normally power the
speakers. For Example, if measuring a subwoofer
amplifier, tune The Signal Generator to 50Hz. If
measuring a Midrange/tweeter amplifier, tune the Signal
Generator to 1kHz.Document the output voltage
displayed on the Voltmeter Formula for Calculating
Amplifier Power (in Watts):-
Now that we have a measurement of output voltage
From the amplifier, we can convert Volts into Watts. For
this procedure we’ll need the following: The formula for
converting Voltage to Watts. The calculated impedance
of the speaker system Connected to the amplifier.
CONCLUSION:
Thus, we have successfully learn how to tested and
performed output voltage and power of Hi-fi Amplifier.
 Practical no.4 AIM: identify any
three different faults by voltage analysis method for hi fi
audio amplifier APPARATUS: oscilloscope. digital
multimeter
DIAGRAM:

Procedure: Measure the output signal with an

oscilloscope. Determine if the amplifier is receiving a
good input signal.
Check to see that the amplifier is receiving good-quality
power.
Explain why taking these simple steps may save a lot of
time in the troubleshooting process.
 For example, why bother checking the amplifier’s output
signal if you already know it isn’t outputting what it’s
supposed to? What, exactly, constitutes “good-quality”
power for an amplifier circuitIt is usually a good idea to
verify the exact nature of the malfunction before
proceeding with troubleshooting strategies, even if
someone has already informed you of the problem.
Seeing the malfunction with your own eyes may
illuminate the problem better than if you simply acted on
someone else’s description, or worse yet your
own assumptions.The rationale for checking the input
signal should be easy to understand. I’ll let you answer
“ this one!Good-quality” power consists of DC within the
proper voltage range of the amplifier circuit, with
negligible ripple voltage.

Conclusion: thus we have performed the practical and

learned hoe to rectify the problem.
 Practical no.5
AIM: select exact speed to write a CD for given type of
data.
APPARATUS: CD DAIGRAM:

PROCEDURE: If your drive can’t write to writeable

media, check the following issues:
You are trying to use the wrong type of media for your
drive.
Your CD-mastering program doesn’t support the drive.
You are trying to use media that has been closed
(writeprotected).
You aren’t running packet-writing (drag-and-
drop) software. perform.
If you have a CD-RW drive, you can use the following: CD-
R media—CD-R media is designed to be used with
CDmastering programs; you can write to it and add files
to nonclosed media, but you can’t delete files from it.
Some packet-writing programs can also use it for drag-
and-drop file copying. CD-R media has a collared
recording surface that might appear gold, light green, or
light blue, depending on the reflective surface and dye
layer. CD-RW media—CD-RW media is designed to be
used with packet-writing programs. Like conventional
removablemedia drives (USB flash, floppy, Zip, SuperDisk,
and others), you can erase CD-RW media and use it
again. CDRW media’s recordable surface looks like a
mirror. Both types of media are single-sided; you can
write on the printed surface with soft-tip markers. Both
CD-R and CD-RW media are speed rated. If you use
slower CD-R media with a faster drive, you can reduce
the
write speed of the drive
(see Figure
3.32) or you can try to write at top speed and then try
the completed media on other drives to see if it’s
readable. However, CD-RW media is sold in four speed
ranges, and you can’t cheat when you use it. High-speed
CD-RW media (4-12x) can be used only in CD-RW drives
with rewrite speeds of 4x or faster. If you want to
transfer data stored on CD-RW media from a 12x drive to
a drive with the slower 2x rewrite speed, you must use
standard speed (2x/4x) CD-RW media in your fast drive.
CD-RW media is also available in Ultra Speed, supporting
rewrite speeds from 16x to 24x, and Ultra Speed Plus,
supporting rewrite speeds of 32x.

CONCLUSION
: Thus, we have learn how to check
problum for CD_RW.
 Practical no.6
AIM: Install/test the CD for given data
APPARATUS: CD,COMPUTER

Theory: Most users will have heard of Nero’s burning

application and Disk Speed is a free utility that comes
with the Nero suite and is available also as a standalone
program Disk Speed looks like the hard drive diagnostic
tool HD Tune in many ways and has separate tabs to run
a benchmark test of the media and drive, test burning
reliability, get information about the media, test it’s
quality (ROM drive permitting) and also a complete
surface scan of the inserted disc. This last test will tell
you which areas of the CD/DVD are good, damaged or
bad with a colour coded graph and the affected files
listed in red at the bottom with a quality score. Note this
test can take a while if several errors are found on the
disc.

Conclusion: thus, we have performed the practical.

 Practical no.9

AIM: Use multimeter to test voltages at various test

points of Horizontal section of colour TV receiver.

APPARATUS: Colour TV receiver set up and multimeter.

Theory: Sync separator seperates horizontal and

vertical
signals and is fed to deflection plates of picture tube.
Horizontal section consists of high pass filter, AFC circuit
and Horizontal oscillator to develop sweep drive voltage
at 15625Hz.Vertical section consists of low pass filter
which triggers the vertical oscillator.
1
Horizontal output section
for R-G-B video output
section (TP 7)
+185V
 2
Horizontal output
section
for VIF section (TP 6)
+12V
Procedure:
1. Switch on the colour TV receiver.
2. Observe the Horizontal section of colour TV receiver.
3. Measure the voltages at given points of horizontal
section.
Conclusion: thus, we have: Use multimeter to test
voltages at various test points of Horizontal section of
colour TV receiver.
 Practical no.10
AIM: Use multimeter to test voltages at various test
points of Vertical section of colour TV receiver.

APPARATUS: Colour TV receiver set up and multimeter.

PROCEDURE: Sync separator seperates horizontal and

vertical signals and is fed to deflection plates of picture
tube. Horizontal section consists of high pass filter, AFC
circuit and Horizontal oscillator to develop sweep drive
voltage at 15625Hz.Vertical section consists of low
pass filter which triggers the vertical oscillator. A vertical
hold is provided to remove the noise. The
output of vertical oscillator is fed to
vertical amplifier, which is fed to
vertical deflection coil. Procedure:

1. Switch on the colour TV receiver.

2. Observe the Vertical section of colour TV receiver.3.
Measure the voltages at given points of vertical
section.
1
Output of Vertical
IC(TP41)
+17V
CONCLUSION: Thus, We have Test voltages at various
test points of Horizontal section of colour TV receive.
 Practical no.14
AIM: Test the performance of TV APPARATUS:
TV setup, CRO or DSO,etc DIAGRAM:

FIGURE 1.INTERNAL VIEW OF FLAT PANEL TV

FIGURE:2.BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A MONOCHROME TV

RECEIVER.
PROCEDURE: With the TV calibrated, we re-visit the
same video clips we used prior to calibration and further
scrutinize the image by making subjective observations of
factors such as motion blur, motion judder, visible
artifacts, uniformity of brightness, black levels and color
saturation.
Finally, it’s time for some real-world testing. To this End,
we watch a variety of content to get a sense of General
performance. We have a library of films and
Documentaries on Blu-ray and Ultra HD Blu-ray to
Observe how well each TV can handle different types Of
content, like dark, moody, shadow-filled scenes And
bright, colorful nature landscapes. While streaming
media is a consideration, using Physical media in our
tests ensures that we can get The best idea of what a TV
is capable of showing from the highest-quality signal,
without any Considerations of bandwidth or variable
bitrates. For more, check out our TV product guide, as
well As picks for the Best TVs
And to make sure you're getting the best picture
possible, check out our list of Easy Fixes for Common TV
Problems.
• MORE INSIDE PCMAG.COM
• The Best 65-Inch TVs for 2021
• The Best TVs for Gaming
• The Best TVs for 2021
• The Best 75-Inch (and up) TVs for 2021
CONCLUSION:Thus, have learned how to test the
performance of TV.
 Practical no.15

AIM: How to Test a LCD TV.

APPARATUS: UPS cord

DIAGRAM:

Theory: The power supply of your LCD TV refers to the

large circuit board found in the middle of its body. This is
hooked with a lot of transformers, two IC's and
capacitors. As much as you would want your TV to last
forever, you may encounter a problem or two when it
comes to its power supply. Testing your LCD TV power
supply will allow you to pinpoint exactly what the
problem is and if your power supply needs any repair.
You do not need to tinker with the circuit board of your
LCD TV to test its power supply.

Procedure: Check to make sure that your LCD TV is not

plugged into any overloaded household circuit. Since
your washer, refrigerator and dryer all use up a huge
amount of electric power, complicated wiring may lead
to multiple items plugged into the same circuit. Plug your
LCD TV into its own power socket to test its power supply
accurately. Connect the power cord of the LCD TV snugly
into the
power source or socket. Make sure that all
connections are snug including your DVD player or cable
box. Test the socket that you are using by plugging in
another electrical item to see if the current is flowing
smoothly.
Inspect the power cord for any cuts or nicks. Replace any
cord that may be damaged or bring it to an electric repair
shop for rewiring
Test the incoming flow of AC power by connecting your
LCD TV to an independent power source. Your power
source can be an Uninterruptible Power Source with your
UPS cord removed from the power socket. If your TV
works, this means that the power supply is in good
condition.
Plug a lamp into the socket and see if your LCD screen
flickers while testing your power supply. If the light of the
lamp flickers, this means that you may have intermittent
power fluctuations. In this case, you must contact an
electrician to fix the problem to prevent fire hazards
Conclusion :thus we have learned How to Test a LCD
TV.

Practical no.16
AIM: Test the work and performance of Camcorder
APPARATUS: Camcorder, lens, DMM
DIAGRAM:FIGURE 1: DIAGRAM OF CAMCODER.
FIGURE 2: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CAMCODER.

PROCEDURE: All the tests and procedures described in

this article are carried out or overseen by professional
testers in specialist camera testing laboratories in
Europe. The test method is decided on by
representatives of consumer organisations from around
the world who have many years’ experience and
specialised expertise in video camera testing.
Fortunately, video camera models are becoming more
consistent from country to country, which makes an
international test possible. However, markets do vary so
each country gets to suggest which cameras should be
included. Where there is general agreement the selection
is easy, but in some cases a camera that is popular in only
one market will not make the cut.
If your camcorder has image stabilization, you can
perform some simple tests to get a close approximation
of its capabilities. The primary role of image stabilization
is to cure the dreaded shaky-hand effect that is a natural
consequence of the trend to make smaller and smaller
cameras. The easiest way to test this task is to locate the
point in your lens’s zoom range where it becomes
difficult to hold the image steady.
First, plant your feet firmly while holding the camera as
steady as possible. Zoom out to the lens’s widest setting,
and pick a distant subject. Placing this object in the
center of your frame, roll tape and zoom in slowly by
degrees, stopping for a few seconds at short intervals
along the lens’s entire zoom range. On playback, you’ll be
able to discover the point on the lens’s zoom range
where the image stabilization systems begin to fail.
CONCLUSION: Thus, we have learned how to test the
work and performance of Camcorder.

Practical no.17
AIM: Test the various features of the given type of
printer
APPARATUS:

DAIGRAM:
Theory: Features of Laser Printers
Laser printers use laser beams to accurately place dots of
toner on paper. Laser printers generate crisp, clear and
repeated images on various materials ranging from paper
and cardboard to plastic and metal printing plates. A
paper laser printer operates similarly to a copier in that
light magnetizes specific areas on a drum, attracting
magnetic-colored toner. The toner is then transferred to
the paper and fused with a scorching hot roller. The
difference between a laser printer and a copier is that
the copier uses a light to reflect an image from an
original to the drum surface. A laser printer uses a
computercontrolled laser to expose the drum in a series
of very small, precisely positioned dots. Once the drum is
exposed it then picks up toner and transfers it to paper,
then the combination is fused.
Resolution
Laser printer imaging paper can have various resolutions
ranging from 300 laser dots per inch (dpi) to up to 1200
dpi. The laser produces smaller and smaller dots for
corresponding increases in the number of dots per inch.
Laser. printer imaging paper rarely has resolutions
exceeding 1200 dpi because the physical properties of
the toner cannot be reduced to smaller particles.
As the resolution increases, so does the smoothness and
clarity of the printed image. Smaller and smaller dots
arranged in curves and gradients result in less jagged
edges and more subtle changes in screens. The higher
the resolution, the more shades of gray are available.
Three hundred dpi laser printers can produce 16 shades
of gray, while 1200 dpi printers can produce 128.
Speed
Laser-printer speed is rarely restricted by the mechanical
ability to move the paper. Speed is determined by the
laser's ability to image the drum for repeated passes.
Also, laser-printer speeds are affected by the computing
power available to process and translate the image for
the laser. Laser printers have processors and random-
access memory (RAM), just like the computer used to
produce the original file. Some laser printers have hard
drives for storing data such as font files and other
necessary graphic files. All of these
factors can affect the laser printer's speed, measured in
pages per minute. A relatively slow laser printer may run
at 12 to 16 pages per minute. Faster laser printers can
reach speeds of over 60 pages per minute. These
machines are used for high-end graphic production such
as address mailers and advertising supplements

Color
Color laser printers work identically to black-only laser
printers with one exception. Instead of one drum and
one toner, the printer has four: black, cyan (a light blue),
magenta (a pinkish red) and yellow. The four lasers
image four drums, and the sheet of paper passes each
drum separately. Once all four toners are on the paper, it
is fused. Color laser printers usually come in only 1200
dpi resolutions in order to produce accurate color. Also,
color laser printers run at relatively lower speeds
because of the complexity of aligning the paper for
accurate color registration and multiple laser and toner
operations

CONCLUSION: Thus, We Have Test The Features OF Laser

Printer.