Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Evidencia 5: Summary “Export-import theory”

Aprendiz

Edna Tatiana Casallas Rodríguez

Instructor

Sofía Morales

tecnólogo en gestión logística

Tuluá – Valle del Cauca

2022
 Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para
realizar un proceso de exportación, requiere no
solo de manejar habilidades lectoras para
apropiar las normas y pasos a seguir, sino
también comprender y extraer los aspectos más
importantes de cada texto. Existen gran cantidad
de textos referentes exportación e importación
en inglés, por lo cual es necesario fortalecer las
competencias en dicha lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las

siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1

Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal

form, or structure, will determine how the business is to be
conducted, its tax liability, and other important considerations.
Each form of business organization has its own advantages and
disadvantages, and the entrepreneur has to select the one that best
fulfills the goals of the entrepreneur and the business. Selection of
an appropriate business organization is a task that requires
accounting and legal expertise and should be done with the advice
of a competent attorney or accountant.
Ownership structure

In this section, we examine different forms of business

organizations: sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and
limited liability companies

Sole proprietorships

A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one

individual. No separate legal entity exists. There is one principal in
the business who has total control over all export-import operations
and who can make decisions without consulting anyone. The major
advantages of sole proprietorships are as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control. Establishing an

export-import business as sole proprietorship is simple and
inexpensive and requires little or no government approval. At the
state level, registration of the business name is required, while at
the federal level, sole proprietors need to keep accurate accounting
records and attach a profit or loss statement for the business when
filing individual tax returns (Schedule C, Internal Revenue Service
Form 1040). They must operate on a calendar year and can use the
cash or accrual method of accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or

corporations. The owner makes all operational and management
decisions concerning the business. The owner can remove money
or other assets of the business without legal or tax consequences.
He or she can also easily transfer or terminate the business.

3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government

regulations versus other business concerns.

4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at a

rate lower than the corporate income tax rate. Losses from the
export import business can be applied by the owner to offset
taxable income from other sources. Sole proprietors are also
allowed to establish tax exempt retirement accounts. (Harper,
1991; Cheese man, 2006a)

The major disadvantage of running an export-import concern as a

sole proprietorship is the risk of unlimited liability. The owner is
personally liable for the debts and other liabilities of the business.
Insurance can be bought to protect against these liabilities;
however, if insurance protection is not sufficient to cover legal
liability for defective products or debts, judgment creditors’ next
recourse is the personal assets of the owner. Another disadvantage
is that the proprietor’s access to capital is limited to personal funds
plus any loans that can be obtained. In addition, very few
individuals have all the necessary skills to run an export-import
business, and the owner may lack certain skills. The business may
also terminate upon the death or disability of the owner.
Establishing an appropriate business organization: pointers

 Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of the export-

import business? If not, how many people have an ownership
interest?

 Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or expertise?

 What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for

management?

 What legal form affords the most advantageous tax treatment for
the business concern and individual entrepreneurs?

 Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to establish and

subject to a low degree of government regulation?

 How important is it to limit personal liability of owners?

o Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light of the goals

and objectives of the export-import business? (Belay, 2009).
2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, mínimo de 15 palabras y
escriba su respectivo significado en inglés.
Vocabulario
Advantages : circumstance or
situation that gives superiority
in something
Attorney: Person legally
authorized to advise and
defend the rights and interests
of another person in legal
matters and represent it in a
lawsuit.
Disadvantages: Circumstance
of being worse or being in a
worse situation one thing with
respect to others of the same
nature with which it is
compared. Less favorable
situation in which a person or
thing is with respect to others
with which it is compared.
Proprietorships: Property
rights
In the right, the domain or
property, is the direct and
immediate power over an
Significado
Ventajas: Circunstancia o
situación que da superioridad
en alguna cosa.
Abogado: Persona legalmente
autorizada para asesorar y
defender los derechos e
intereses de otra persona en
materia jurídica y
representarla en un pleito.
Desventajas: Circunstancia
de ser peor o estar en peor
situación una cosa respecto a
otras de la misma naturaleza
con la que se compara.
Situación menos favorable en
que se halla una persona o
cosa respecto a otras con las
que se compara.
Propietarios: Derecho de
propiedad, en el derecho, el
dominio o propiedad, es el
poder directo e inmediato
sobre un objeto o bien, por la
object or good, by which is
attributed to its owner the
ability to dispose of it,
Without: Indicates lack or
lack of something material or
immaterial
Proprietorships: Property
rights
In the right, the domain or
property, is the direct and
immediate power over an
object or good, by which is
attributed to its owner the
ability to dispose of it, without
further limitations than those
imposed by law.
Returns: The return is the act
of giving something back to
someone. It is a process that is
based on a right of possession
of a certain person with
respect to a certain good that
was delivered with some type
of specific objective.
que se atribuye a su titular la
capacidad de disponer del
mismo, sin más
Sin : Indica falta o carencia de
alguna cosa material o
inmaterial.
Propietarios: Derecho de
propiedad, en el derecho, el
dominio o propiedad, es el
poder directo e inmediato
sobre un objeto o bien, por la
que se atribuye a su titular la
capacidad de disponer del
mismo, sin más limitaciones
que las que imponga la ley.
Devoluciones: La devolución
es el acto de entregar algo
nuevamente a alguien. Es un
proceso de se sustenta en un
derecho de posesión de una
determinada persona con
respecto a un determinado
bien que fue entregado con
algún tipo de objetivo
específico.
Loans: A loan is an operation
by which a financial institution
puts at our disposal a certain
amount of money through a
contract.
Applied: That puts effort,
interest and perseverance in
the accomplishment of a work
or in the development of an
activity, especially in the
study.
Skills: The ability is the innate
aptitude, talent, skill or ability
that a person holds to carry out
and of course with success,
certain activity, work
Losses: Small amount of
blood or discharge from the
womb that is abnormally
expelled outside of the
menstrual period.
Upon: Heritage prefix of Latin
origin that enters the formation
Prestamos: Un préstamo es
una operación por la cual una
entidad financiera pone a
nuestra disposición una
cantidad determinada de
dinero mediante un contrato.
Aplicado: Que pone esfuerzo,
interés y constancia en la
realización de un trabajo o en
el desarrollo de una actividad,
en especial en el estudio.
Habilidades: La habilidad es
la aptitud innata, talento,
destreza o capacidad que
ostenta una persona para llevar
a cabo y por supuesto con
éxito, determinada actividad,
trabajo
Pérdidas: Cantidad pequeña
de sangre o flujo procedente
de la matriz que se expulsa
anormalmente fuera del
período menstrual.
Sobre: Prefijo patrimonial de
origen latino que entra en la
 of names with the meaning of
'above', 'besides'.
Income: Amount of money
earned or collected.
Judgment: Faculty of
understanding, by virtue of
which man can distinguish
good from evil and true from
false.
Little: That has a smaller size than
normal.
Sole: It applies to one or several
things of which or of whose species
there are no others.
formación de nombres con el
significado de ‘por encima
de’, ‘además de’.
Ingresos: Cantidad de dinero
ganada o recaudada.
Juicio: Facultad del
entendimiento, por cuya virtud
el hombre puede distinguir el
bien del mal y lo verdadero de
lo falso.
Pequeño: Que tiene un
tamaño menor de lo normal.
Único: Se aplica a una o varias
cosas de las cuales o de cuya
especie no hay otras.

3. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios párrafos, y al

interior de cada párrafo se encuentran varias ideas principales. Por favor, lea
el material complementario “Identifying the main idea” para conocer cómo
se puede encontrar la idea principal en un párrafo escrito en inglés.

4. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor escriba las ideas

principales de cada párrafo, en presente simple, en inglés. No haga
transcripción literal de los párrafos. A continuación, transforme la oración a
presente progresivo, también en inglés.
 Simple present tense Present progressive tense
To meet the business To be meeting business goals,
objectives, the entrepreneur the entrepreneur must be
must select the corret selecting the right business
business organization organization
different forms of business different forms of business
sorganizations are examined organizations are being
examined
a sole proprietorships, the by being sole proprietors the
individual have full control individualis acquiring full
over all commerciall control over all commercial
operations activities
It is simple and inexpensive to Setting up an export and
set up a sole proprietorship and import business as a sole
requires little or no government proprietorship Is simple and
approval inexpensive and requires
little or no government
approval
The sole proprietorships are the sole proprietorships are
more flexible to manage being more flexible to
than large rassociations or manage than larger
corporations associations or corporations
The sole proprietors obtain Currently, the sole
different benefits related to the proprietors are obtaining
different benefits related to
reduction of tax rates and the reduction of tax rates and
payment facilities payment facilities
direct an export and import some of the main
company as a sole disadvantages of running an
proprietorship has several export and import company as
disadvantages a sole proprietorship

5.Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se conecten

coherentemente, en 15 líneas.

To meet business objectives, the entrepreneur must select the correct

business organization examining different forms of business
organizations.
In a sole proprietorship, the individual has full control over all
business operations

Setting up a sole proprietorship is simple and inexpensive and requires

little or no government approval and is more flexible to manage than
larger associations or corporations.
The sole proprietors obtain different benefits related to the
reduction of the tax rates and the payment facilities.
However, there are some disadvantages to running an export and import
company as a sole proprietorship that are related to the individual's
management skills and the ability to acquire capital.