Department of E&TC

Hon. Shri. Babanrao Pachpute Vichardhara Trust

PARIKRAMA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, KASHTI
Kashti, Tal- Shrigonda, Dist.- Ahmednagar 414701

Name of topic:
Project of battery charger using SCR

Student and guide detail:

• Project group member
1. Nikam Vaishali
2. Dhawale Sapana
3. Jakate Simran

• Guide Name:
Date.A. R

BATTERY CHARGER USING SCR

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Content:

Sr.NO. Name Of Topic Page No.

1. Introduction 3
2. Block Diagram 5

• Explanation

3. • Advantage 7
• Disadvantage
• Application

4. Conclusion 8

5. Reference 9

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Introduction:
A battery works by converting its stored chemical energy into electrical
power. Once the electrolyte of the battery is used up, it needs to be
recharged. A battery charger is a device that provides Direct Current (DC)
to the battery to restore the used-up electrolyte. So ideally, when all the
electrolytes of the battery are restored, it’s current supply should stop.

the whole charging process is a combination of charging, stabilizing

(optimizing the charging rate), and terminating (knowing when to stop
charging). Charge and discharge rates of the batteries are given as C -rate
(Charge Rate). It is the measure of the rate at which the battery is charged
or discharged with respect to its capacity (measured in Ah). For example,
if a fully charged 4Ah battery is discharged at a 4-ampere rate, then it will
take an hour to get fully charged. Most modern gadgets like mobile phones,
electric vehicles, and laptops use lithium-ion batteries, which last for a
long time when they are frequently charged.

SCR is abbreviation for Silicon Controlled Rectifier. SCR has three pins anode,
cathode and gate as shown in the below figure. It is made up of there PN junction
diodes also; it is solid state equivalent of gas filled triode and has around four
semiconductor layers. SCR can conduct the current in a single direction or we
can say SCR’s are unidirectional. The SCR can be triggered only at the gate
through the current. SCR will combine the features of rectifier and transistor.
They are mainly used in switching applications. They can also be triggered with
the break over voltage (if the forward voltage is more than the break down voltage
of the component). They are mainly used in the high voltage and high power for
controlling purpose. They are also used in the light dimming, voltage regulators,
motor control etc.

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To turn on the SCR the small amount of voltage or voltage equal to break over
voltage is required to the gate which will trigger the SCR and when the SCR is
turned on, it will have very low resistance and allow the power to conduct and
also increase the anode current. Even if we remove the gate voltage also it will
be in conduction. The only way to make the SCR to turn off is to make the voltage
to zero or make the current less than the handling current between the anode and
cathode.

There are two ways to turn on the SCR is the first way is to turn on by opening
the gate and compensate the power supply to the break over voltage. And second
way is to supplying the voltage to operate the SCR with less than break over
voltage and applying the small amount of about 1.5V applied to the gate which
will trigger the SCR. When the SCR is turned off it will have high resistance and
restrict the current to the leakage current. To turn off the SCR from on state also
have only one ways normally people think that if we stop the gate current the
SCR will become turn off, but it will not this state is called “loss of control”, the
only way is turnoff the SCR is reducing the supply voltage to zero.The battery is
charged with small amount of AC voltage or DC voltage. So if you want to charge
your battery with AC source then should follow these steps, we need first limit
the large AC voltage, need to filter the AC voltage to remove the noise, regulate
and get the constant voltage and then give the resulting voltage to the battery for
charging. Once charging is completed the circuit should automatically turned off.

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Block Diagram:

BATTERY CHARGER USING SCR

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Block Diagram Explanation:
The AC source is given to the step down transformer which converts the large
AC source into limited AC source, filter the AC voltage and remove the noise
and then give that voltage to the SCR where it will rectify the AC and give the
resulting voltage to the battery for charging.

Initially when the circuit is powered and the battery level is below the threshold
voltage, the circuit performs the task of charging the battery. The SCR gets
triggered with a voltage at its Gate terminal through the resistor R1 and diode D1.
It then starts rectifying the AC voltage, though only for the half cycle. As the DC
current starts flowing to the battery through the resistor R2, the battery gets
charged. The voltage across the potential divider consisting of the pot RV1 and
resistor R4 depends upon the voltage across the battery.

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Application:
1. It can be used to charge batteries used for toys.
2. It is a portable circuit and can be carried anywhere.
3. It can be used as an automatic battery charger, used specially during
driving.

Advantages:
1. Virtually no wear and tear, therefore highest working life time.
2. SCRs are available with extreme current ranges, therefore any battery from
1000 mAh to 1000 Ah could be used.
3. Large heatsink can be bolted for efficient working due to easy heatsink
bolting facility.
4. Can be triggered with gate voltage as low as 2 V.
5. Cheaper and compact than MOSFETs, and relays.
6. Reliable and infinite ON/OFF switching life, due to internal rugged
characteristics.
7. Easy to use and configure.

Disadvantages:
1. The AC to DC conversion here uses only the rectifier and may contain AC
ripples as there is no filter.
2. The half wave rectifier makes the charging and discharging quite slow.
3. This circuit cannot be used for batteries with higher Ampere-hour rating.
4. The battery charging may take longer time.

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Conclusion:
Battery is a device which we can used in our daily life in multiple circuit like
torch light, toys, mobile and laptop, automatic starter, etc rechargeable battery
inexhaustible pollution free and economic friendly. we conclude that circuit work
as per designment and requirement.

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Bibliography:
• Books
• Manual
• Website

Reference:
• www.electronichub.org
• www.electronicscoach.com
• www.academia.edu
• www.homemade.circuit

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