A Report On Agri-Pole

A Project Report on
An Agri-Pole
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
computer science
by

SNO NAMES UNIV.ID

1 Harika Srilakshmi Durga Yanamadala 2100030438
2 Dinesh Venkata Sai Teja 2100030441
3 Sakhamuri Jaya Paul Naidu 2100030473
4 Suhail Rahaman Shaik 2100030502
5 Siddamsetty Sai Narasimha 2100030503
6 Sohan Tummalapalli 2100030507

under the guidance of

Mr.P.S.N.venkat

Department Of Computer Science Engineering

Kluniversity,vadesvaram
GUNTUR-522502
 Abstract

Crops in farms are many times ravaged by local animals like buffaloes, cows,
goats, birds etc. This leads to huge losses for the farmers. It is not possible
for farmers to barricade entire fields or stay on field 24 hours and guard it.
So here we propose automatic crop protection system from animals. This
is a microcontroller based system using PIC family microcontroller. This
system uses a motion sensor to detect wild animals approaching near the
field. In such a case the sensor signals the microcontroller to take action.
The microcontroller now sounds an alarm to woo the animals away from the
field as well as sends sms to the farmer so that he may know about the issue
and come to the spot in case the animals don’t turn away by the alarm. This
ensures complete safety of crops from animals thus protecting the farmers
loss.
Contents

1 Introduction 3
1.1 protoype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 MATERIALS USED IN PROJECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 wind direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.4 WORKING WITH ARDUINO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.5 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.6 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.7 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

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List of Figures

1.1 PROTOTYPE IN FUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.2 ANEMOMETER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 SOLAR PANEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.4 LEDBULDS WITH SOLARPANELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.5 BATTERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.6 BLUETOOTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.8 pir sensor and buzzer with arduino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.9 pir sensor circuit connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.10 SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.11 3d model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

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Chapter 1

Introduction

One huge disadvantage of smart farming is that it requires an unlimited or

continuous internet connection to be successful. This means that in rural
communities, especially in the developing countries where we have mass crop
production, it is completely impossible to operate this farming method. In
places where internet connections are frustratingly slow, smart farming will
be an impossibility.

1.1 protoype

Figure 1.1: PROTOTYPE IN FUSION

we had used the fusion software for creating this 3d model of our project.

1.2 MATERIALS USED IN PROJECT

when we are making a prototype we had used the following materials we used
anemometer,solarpanels,led bulbs,battery,bluetooth.

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 Figure 1.2: ANEMOMETER

ANEMOMETER
An anemometer is a device used for measuring wind speed and direction. It
is also a common weather station instrument. The term is derived from the
Greek word anemos, which means wind, and is used to describe any wind
speed instrument used in meteorology. The first known description of an
anemometer was given by Leon Battista Alberti in 1450. An anemometer
is a device used for measuring wind speed and direction. It is also a com-
mon weather station instrument. The term is derived from the Greek word
anemos, which means wind, and is used to describe any wind speed instru-
ment used in meteorology. It consisted of four hemispherical cups mounted
on horizontal arms, which were mounted on a vertical shaft. The air flow
past the cups in any horizontal direction turned the shaft at a rate that was
roughly proportional to the wind speed. Therefore, counting the turns of
the shaft over a set time interval produced a value proportional to the av-
erage wind speed for a wide range of speeds. It is also called a rotational
anemometer. On an anemometer with four cups, it is easy to see that since

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the cups are arranged symmetrically on the end of the arms, the wind always
has the hollow of one cup presented to it and is blowing on the back of the
cup on the opposite end of the cross. Since a hollow hemisphere has a drag
coefficient of .38 on the spherical side and 1.42 on the hollow side,[2] more
force is generated on the cup that is presenting its hollow side to the wind.
Because of this asymmetrical force, torque is generated on the axis of the
anemometer, causing it to spin.

SOLAR PANEL

Figure 1.3: SOLAR PANEL

Solar panels are comprised of several individual solar cells which are them-
selves composed of layers of silicon, phosphorous (which provides the nega-
tive charge), and boron (which provides the positive charge). Solar panels
absorb the photons and in doing so initiate an electric current. Solar power
is harnessed using Solar Photovoltaic (PV) technology that converts sunlight
(Solar radiation) into electricity by using semiconductors. When the sun hits
the semiconductor within the PV cell, electrons are freed and bus bars collect
the running electrons which results in electric current.

LEDBULBS
Solar-powered lighting can replace other light sources like candles or kerosene
lamps. Solar lamps have a lower operating cost than kerosene lamps because
renewable energy from the sun is free, unlike fuel. In addition, solar lamps
produce no indoor air pollution unlike kerosene lamps. However, solar lamps
generally have a higher initial cost, and are weather dependent.
Working principle:
LED lights are used due to their high luminous efficiency and long life. Under

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 Figure 1.4: LEDBULDS WITH SOLARPANELS

the control of a DC charge controller, non-contact control automatically turns

on the light at dark and switches off at daytime. It sometimes also combines
with time controllers to set certain time for it to automatically switch light
on and off.[13]
As shown in Figure 3, the chip includes microchip(R), B-, B+, S- and
S+. S+ and S- are both connected to solar panels with wire, one of which
has plus charge and the other minus charge. B- and B+ are attached to two
batteries in this case. The light will be shown through the LED light when
all of these are connected.

BATTERY
A battery is a source of electric power consisting of one or more electrochem-
ical cells with external connections for powering electrical devices such as
flashlights, mobile phones, and electric cars. When a battery is supplying
electric power, its positive terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal
is the anode.The terminal marked negative is the source of electrons that
will flow through an external electric circuit to the positive terminal. When
a battery is connected to an external electric load, a redox reaction converts
high-energy reactants to lower-energy products, and the free-energy differ-
ence is delivered to the external circuit as electrical energy.Historically the
term ”battery” specifically referred to a device composed of multiple cells,
however the usage has evolved to include devices composed of a single cell.

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 Figure 1.5: BATTERY

Batteries have much lower specific energy (energy per unit mass) than com-
mon fuels such as gasoline. In automobiles, this is somewhat offset by the
higher efficiency of electric motors in converting electrical energy to mechan-
ical work, compared to combustion engines.

BLUETOOTH

Figure 1.6: BLUETOOTH

luetooth is a short-range wireless technology standard that is used for

exchanging data between fixed and mobile devices over short distances using
UHF radio waves in the ISM bands, from 2.402 GHz to 2.48 GHz, and build-
ing personal area networks (PANs). It was originally conceived as a wireless
alternative to RS-232 data cables. It is mainly used as an alternative to wire

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connections, to exchange files between nearby portable devices and connect
cell phones and music players with wireless headphones. In the most widely
used mode, transmission power is limited to 2.5 milliwatts, giving it a very
short range of up to 10 meters (30 feet).
Bluetooth is managed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG),
which has more than 35,000 member companies in the areas of telecommu-
nication, computing, networking, and consumer electronics. The IEEE stan-
dardized Bluetooth as IEEE 802.15.1, but no longer maintains the standard.
The Bluetooth SIG oversees development of the specification, manages the
qualification program, and protects the trademarks. A manufacturer must
meet Bluetooth SIG standards to market it as a Bluetooth device.A network
of patents apply to the technology, which are licensed to individual qualifying
devices. As of 2009, Bluetooth integrated circuit chips ship approximately
920 million units annually. By 2017, there were 3.6 billion Bluetooth devices
shipping annually and the shipments were expected to continue increasing at
about 12 percent a year.

1.3 wind direction

Figure 1.7:

Wind direction is generally reported by the direction from which it orig-

inates. For example, a north or northerly wind blows from the north to the
south. The exceptions are onshore winds (blowing onto the shore from the
water) and offshore winds (blowing off the shore to the water). Wind di-
rection is usually reported in cardinal (or compass) direction, or in degrees.
Consequently, a wind blowing from the north has a wind direction referred
to as 0° (360°); a wind blowing from the east has a wind direction referred to

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as 90°, etc. Weather forecasts typically give the direction of the wind along
with its speed, for example a ”northerly wind at 15 km/h” is a wind blowing
from the north at a speed of 15 km/h.

1.4 WORKING WITH ARDUINO

PIR sensors allow you to sense motion. They are used to detect whether
a human has moved in or out of the sensor’s range. They are commonly
found in appliances and gadgets used at home or for businesses. They are
often referred to as PIR, ”Passive Infrared”, ”Pyroelectric”, or ”IR motion”
sensors.PIRs are made of pyroelectric sensors, a round metal can with a
rectangular crystal in the center, which can detect levels of infrared radiation.
Everything emits low-level radiation, and the hotter something is, the more
radiation is emitted. The sensor in a motion detector is split in two halves.
This is to detect motion (change) and not average IR levels. The two halves

Figure 1.8: pir sensor and buzzer with arduino

are connected so that they cancel out each other. If one-half sees more or
less IR radiation than the other, the output will swing high or low.
Procedure: Follow the circuit diagram and make the connections as shown
in the image below.

Figure 1.9: pir sensor circuit connection

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Result: You will see a message on your serial port if a motion is detected
and another message when the motion stops.

SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR

Figure 1.10: SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR

Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content In soil.[1]

Since the direct gravimetric measurement of free soil moisture requires re-
moving, drying, and weighing of a sample, soil moisture sensors measure the
volumetric water content indirectly by using some other property of the soil,
such as electrical resistance, dielectric constant, or interaction with neutrons,
as a proxy for the moisture content. The relation between the measured
property and soil moisture must be calibrated and may vary depending on
environmental factors such as soil type, temperature, or electric conductivity.
Reflected microwave radiation is affected by the soil moisture and is used for
remote sensing In hydrology and agriculture. Portable probe instruments
can be used by farmers or gardeners. Soil moisture sensors typically refer
to sensors that estimate volumetric water content. Another class of sensors
measure another property of moisture in soils called water potential; these
sensors are usually referred to as soil water potential sensors and include
tensiometers and gypsum blocks.

1.5 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES
One of the really good things about this branch of farming is that it allows
for Soil Sensing. This aspect of smart farming gives room for you as a farmer
to test your soil for information and also measure it for a wide range of

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important and nutritious constituents necessary in securing the good health
of your farm produce. Soil sensing is also employed to appropriately control
the application of real-time variable rate equipment. This allows you to
understand the scale of your grounds, making you also, in this process, device
effective ways of conserving necessary farming resources like water, fertilizer
and so on. So, with this, you only have to apply fertilizers and pesticides
where you need to apply them so as not to negatively affect your plants.
You also get to conserve seeds, fertilizer, water, etc., and still even maximize
yields at the end of the day. You also get to get important information about
the amount of air and the levels of air, sound, humidity, and temperature of
your environment. Smart farming is a wonderful option if you want to save
the cost of electricity. It allows for the use of solar-powered tools like pumps
that save your expenditure. It is cost-effective as it somewhat reduces the
spending usually generated by farmers in maintaining their capital intensive
techs. Smart agriculture makes use of AI to improve the process of wireless
monitoring, regulation and data collection. With these inputs on your farm,
all thanks to smart farming, you can be sure of high-quality crop production
and delivery.

DISADVANTAGES
One huge disadvantage of smart farming is that it requires an unlimited or
continuous internet connection to be successful. This means that in rural
communities, especially in the developing countries where we have mass crop
production, it is completely impossible to operate this farming method. In
places where internet connections are frustratingly slow, smart farming will
be an impossibility.

1.6 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

In the future, there will be a large scope for this system. The IR sensors
and Ultrasonic sensors are used to collect the information and transmit-
ted ithrough GSM. This project is further enhanced by wireless sensor net-
work.The type of sensors like finding the moisture content of the soil, growth
of the crop and nutrition content in the soil. These sensors gather informa-
tions which is useful to the farmers and able to conscious of the farm land
from anyplace in the world.

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1.7 CONCLUSION

Figure 1.11: 3d model

Farmers encounter severe threats in rural parts of India like damage done
by birds and animals. Hence, to overcome this issue we have designed a
system in which sound is played to scare the animals and birds, so that it
will automatically run away. The GSM module makes a call to the farmer
to alert him. Therefore, the designed system is affordable and useful to the
farmers. The designed system won’t be harmful to animals and person , and
it protects the farm areas.

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