1.

The phenomena of development of internal tensile stresses in a concrete member by means of

tensioning devices are called as ____________
a) Pre-tensioning
b) Post-tensioning
c) Prestressing of concrete
d) Thermoelectric prestressing
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Prestressed concrete is basic concrete, in which internal stresses of a suitable
magnitude and distribution are introduced so that the stresses resulting from external loads are
counteracted to a desired degree.

2. In reinforced concrete members the prestress is commonly introduced by ___________

a) Tensioning the steel reinforcement
b) Tendons
c) Shortening of concrete
d) Rings
View Answer

T
Answer: a
EN
Explanation: In reinforced concrete members, the prestress commonly introduced is by tensioning
the steel reinforcement while rings i.e stirrups are used while placing columns or foundation in
structures, tendon is a stretched member of a prestressed concrete element which serves the
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purpose of transmitting the prestress to concrete and shortening of concrete phenomena occurs
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while placing of concrete.

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3. Which of the following basic concept is involved in the analysis of prestressed concrete members?
a) Combined and bending stresses
b) Principle stresses
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c) Shear stresses
M

d) Overhead stresses
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The basic concept involved in the analysis of prestressed concrete members is concept
of combined direct and bending stresses used for columns whereas principle and shear stresses are
formed in case of tensioning the prestressed and reinforced structures, overhead stresses are
formed while the stresses in structures goes beyond safe limit provided by different codes.

4. The prestressing of concrete member is carried out to reduce ___________

a) Compressive stresses
b) Tensile stresses
c) Bending stresses
d) Shear force
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The prestressing of concrete members is done to reduce the compressive stresses
developed in the concrete members to the required extent while tensile stresses is the stress state
where the length of member tends to expand in tension side while the volume remains constant,
shear forces and bending stresses occurs at the cross section of the beam as the unbalanced vertical
force and algebraic sum of moment of forces to right or left of section.

5. The earliest examples of wooden barrel construction by force-fitting of metal bands and shrink-
fitting of metal tiers of wooden wheels indicate the art of ___________
a) Prestressing
b) Tensioning
c) Stress
d) Straining
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Wooden barrel construction by force-fitting of metal bands and shrink-fitting of metal
tyres on wooden wheels indicate the art of prestressing and it has been practiced from ancient times
while the example of tensioning is bracing for building and bridges whereas stress occurs in a
member at a force per unit area and strain phenomena occurs by change in length of a unstressed
element.

6. The concept is used in many branches of civil engineering and building construction?
a) Reinforced concrete

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b) Prestressed concrete
EN
c) Steel concrete
d) Lump sum concrete
View Answer
D

Answer: b
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Explanation: Prestressed concrete is widely used in many branches of civil engineering and building
ST

construction and in recent days it is experiencing greatest growth in the field of commercial building
because of its acoustic properties and its ability to provide long open space.
R

7. The attempt to introduce permanently acting forces in concrete to resist the elastic forces is
___________
M

a) Prestressing
b) Loading
c) Pre-straining
d) Bending
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Freyssinet attempted to introduce permanently acting forces in concrete to resist the
elastic forces developed under loads and this idea was later developed under the name of
prestressing while the loading and bending phenomena occurs in a member while placing and during
excessive loads and pre-straining occurs in prestressed concrete structures.

8. In reinforced concrete members, the prestress commonly introduced is ___________

a) Tensioning steel reinforcement
b) Tensioning wood reinforcement
c) Tensioning rings
d) Tensioning plates
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In reinforced concrete members steel is commonly used by tensioning steel
reinforcement and Steel was commonly used in reinforcement in earlier days and had several
disadvantages in case of residential buildings.

9. Development of early cracks in reinforced concrete is due to ___________

a) Strains of steel
b) Stresses of steel
c) Ultimate load
d) Bending of steel
View Answer

10. Concrete is weak in?

a) Compression
b) Tension
c) Loading
d) Bending
View Answer

Answer: b

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Explanation: Concrete is not able to resist direct tension in comparison of its ability to resist direct
EN
compression because of its low tensile strength and brittle nature, it behaves non linearly at all times
because it has essentially zero strength in tension it is always used as reinforced concrete, as a
composite material and it is a mixture of sand, aggregate, cement and water whereas structures are
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highly vulnerable to tensile cracking due to very low thermal coefficient of expansion.
U
ST

1. The structures of prestressed concrete are less liable to ___________

a) Bending
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b) Loading
c) Placing
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d) Cracks
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: In case of fully prestressed members which are free from tensile stresses under working
loads cross-section is more efficiently utilized when compared with a reinforced concrete section
that is cracked under working loads.

2. Which of the following concrete offers pleasant appearance and durability?

a) Reinforced concrete
b) Prestressed concrete
c) Shrinkage concrete
d) Hardened concrete
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Prestressed concrete offers pleasant appearance and durability when compared to
reinforced concrete and the two structural features of prestressed concrete, namely high strength
concrete and freedom from cracks, contributes to the improved durability of structure under
aggressive environmental conditions.

3. The prestressing members have better ability of absorbing energy when the structures are
subjected to ___________
a) Tensile loads
b) Axial loads
c) Bending loads
d) Impact loads
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Prestressing of concrete improves the ability of the material for energy absorption
under impact loads and working loads proved to be good in prestressing than in reinforcing and it is
done in concrete members to reduce the compressive stresses developed in the members to the
required extent.

4. The loads of same intensities when subjected to structures, it increases ___________

a) Life of material
b) Durability of material

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c) Stiffness of material
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d) Bending of material
View Answer
D

Answer: a
Explanation: When loads of same intensities are subjected to structures, then the prestressing
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increases the mean stresses in steel and the effects caused due to fluctuations in stresses are
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minimized which increase the life of the material.

5. The prestressed concrete flexural member under working load conditions offers superior amount
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of ___________
a) Flexibility
M

b) Rigidity
c) Transfer
d) Stability
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A superior amount of rigidity is offered by the prestressed concrete flexural members
under the working load conditions when compared with that offered by reinforced concrete
members of equal dimensions.

6. The application of prestressed concrete is done for depth ratio’s having ___________
a) Small span
b) Larger span
c) Same span
d) Equal span
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Prestressed concrete is used for the construction of buildings and other structures
which are having the value of span to depth ratio in large or for larger span members and other
criteria such as equal, small, same span criteria are considered in various other structural members.

7. The prestressed concrete structures are considered as ___________

a) Economical structures
b) Uneconomical structures
c) Tensile structures
d) Loading structures
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Prestressed concrete structures are considered as uneconomical structures and it is
well established fact that the basic economy of prestressed concrete lies in its high strength to
weight and strength to cost ratios, its resistance to fire and cracking, and its versatility and
adaptability.

8. The prestressed concrete involves problems like ___________

a) Architectural and construction
b) Financial and land
c) Placing of material

T
d) Tensioning devices
EN
View Answer

Answer: a
D

Explanation: The prestressed concrete involves many architectural or construction related problems
formulated due to curved surfaces and involve sophisticated erection problems, a high quality
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control is required for production of materials and while placing the tendons and when the members
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are subjected to a system of loads then the existing problems due to long term creep moments are
increased.
R

9. The utilization of concrete in tension zone of prestressed concrete member saves concrete
ranging between ___________
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a) 15 to 30 percent
b) 20 to 50 percent
c) 35 to 60 percent
d) 10 to 20 percent
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Due to the utilization of concrete in the tension zone, an extra saving of 15 to 30
percent in concrete is possible in comparison with reinforced concrete high tensile steels are used in
prestressed members and its ultimate strength is equal to 2100n/mm2 and the saving in steel are
even higher, 60 – 80 percent mainly due to high permissible stresses allowed in the high tension
wires.

10. The overall economy in using prestressed concrete reduces?

a) Design loads and costs
b) Tendons
c) Anchorages
d) Bars
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: An overall economy in using prestressed concrete decreases the dead weight due to
which the design loads and cost of foundation reduces although there is considerable saving on the
quantity of materials used in prestressed concrete members in compression with reinforced
concrete members, it is not much significant due to additional costs incurred for high strength
concrete, tensile steel, anchorages and other hard wires required for the production of prestressed
member.

1. Which one of the following is the basic assumption involved in designing of prestressed concrete
members?
a) Plane member remains plane before and after bending
b) Variation of stresses in tensile reinforcement
c) Development of principle stresses
d) Hooke’s law is not valid for prestressing
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The basic assumption involved in analysis and designing of prestressed concrete

T
members are the plane cross-section of beam remains plane before and after bending, there is no
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variation of stresses in the tensile reinforcement, Hooke’s law is valid for both concrete and steel.

2. The compression in concrete and tension in steel are developed by?

D

a) Joint cements
b) Expansion cements
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c) Water cement ratio

ST

d) Hardened cements
View Answer
R

Answer: b
Explanation: Compression in concrete and tension in steel is developed by use of expanding cements
M

due to its elastic property or expanding property, joint cement is an adhesive used primarily for
attaching the joint tape that is placed over the beams whereas water cement ratio is the ratio of the
weight of water to weight of cement used in a concrete mix.

3. The distortion principle of statically indeterminate structures is subjected by ___________

a) Rotation
b) Distance
c) Placement
d) Absorption
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Distortion principle of statically indeterminate structures is used by rotation or by
displacement and in statistics a structure is statistically indeterminate when the static equilibrium
equation are insufficient for determining the internal forces and reactions on that structure.

4. The prestressing used for arches and pavements involves the application of ___________
a) Direct forces
b) Compressive forces
c) Tensile forces
d) Axial forces
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The prestressing used for arches and pavements is the application of direct forces
between abutments, whereas to impart the desired forces, flat jacks are used and axial force is the
compression or tension force acting in a member if the axial force acts through the centroid of the
member it is called concentric loading.

5. The classification of prestressed concrete is based on the method of ___________

a) Designing
b) Bending moments
c) Loading
d) Stresses acting
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Classification of prestressed concrete is based on the method of design like externally,
internally, partial, moderate, axial, eccentric, concordant, uni-axial, biaxial, tri-axial, non distortional,

T
linear, circular, post and pre tensioning, prestressed concrete has considerable increase resilience
EN
due to its capacity for completely recovering from substantial effects of overloading without
undergoing any serious damage.
D

6. The concrete members which are prestressed by providing the tensioned tendons are termed as
___________
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a) Externally prestressed members

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b) Internally prestressed members

c) Linear prestressed members
d) Circular prestressed members
R

View Answer
M

Answer: b
Explanation: The concrete member which is prestressed by providing the tensioned tendon are
termed as internally prestressed members and the existing space between the edge of beam and
abutments is filled with concrete using expanding cement.

7. The linear prestressing is mostly applicable for ___________

a) Bent members
b) Straight members
c) Cracked members
d) Overloaded members
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Linear prestressing is mostly applicable for straight members such as slabs, beams etc
and the members are prestressed in a linear manner, tendons are spliced in case of continuous
prestressed concrete members to gain continuity and the various types of splices used as tendons
are screw connector, torpedo splices, clamp splice and wrapped splice.
8. In pre-tensioning system, after curing and hardening of concrete the reinforcement is set
___________
a) Free
b) Fixed
c) Locked
d) Jacked
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: In pre-tensioning system, the tendons are tensioned first and then the casting of
concrete is carried out and the edge of the tendon at its either side is fixed to an abutment and its
other edge is pulled with the application of jack and then the reinforcements are set free after curing
and hardening.

9. The method of prestressing the concrete after it attains its strength is known as ___________
a) Pre tensioning
b) Post tensioning
c) Chemical prestressing
d) Axial prestressing
View Answer

T
EN
Answer: b
Explanation: The method of prestressing the concrete after it attains its strength is known as post
tensioning and ducts are made in the member at the time of placing the concrete, the suitability of
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post tensioning is good for medium to long span-insitu work, where the cost of tensioning is very
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less.
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10. In which method the prestress is developed due to the bond between the concrete and steel?
a) Pre tensioning
b) Post tensioning
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c) Thermo electric prestressing

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d) Prefix beam prestressing

View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The prestress developed in pre tensioning is due to the bond between concrete and
steel tendons, a method of prestressing concrete in which the tendons are tensioned before the
concrete is placed at the work site.

1. The tendons in the pretensioning system are tensioned between ___________

a) Rigid anchorages
b) Hydraulic jacks
c) Concrete beds
d) Variable beams
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: In the prestressing system, the tendons are first tensioned between rigid anchorage
blocks cast on the ground or a column or a unit mould type pretensioning bed, prior to the casting of
concrete in the moulds.

2. When the concrete attains sufficient strength, which elements are released?
a) Jacks
b) Casting bed
c) Tendons
d) Beams
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: High early strength concrete is often used in factory to facilitate early stripping the
reuse of moulds and when the concrete attains sufficient strength, the jacking pressure is released
and the edge of tendon at its either side is formed to an abutment and its other edge is to be pulled
with the application of jack.

3. Which is one of the systems used for pretensioning?

a) Magnel-Balton system
b) Freyssinet system
c) Gifford-Udall system

T
d) Hoyer’s long line method
EN
View Answer

Answer: d
D

Explanation: Hoyer’s long line method is the system used in pretensioning and the other systems like
Freyssinet, Gifford-Udall, and Magnel-Balton are post tensioning systems and large numbers of
U

beams are produced in an individual alignment.

ST

4. Hoyer’s system of pre tensioning is generally adopted for ___________

a) Small scale members
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b) Large scale members

c) Middle span members
M

d) End members
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Hoyer’s system is generally recommended when the production of pretensioned
members is required on a large scale is the principle which are used to precast the beams the post
tensioning system was considered to pretensioning system when used for large spans, due to this
reason the pre tensioning system was replaced by post tensioning system.

5. The transfer of prestress of concrete is achieved by ___________

a) Plates
b) Rings
c) Steel bars
d) Jacks
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The transfer of prestress to concrete is usually achieved by large hydraulic or screw
jacks by which all the wires are simultaneously released after the concrete attains the required
compressive strength generally strands of up to 18mm diameter and high tensile wires of up to 7mm
diameter anchor themselves satisfactorily with the help of surface bond and the interlocking of the
surrounding matrix in the micro indentations on the wires.

6. The bond of prestressing wires in Hoyer’s system can be formed by ___________

a) Helical crimping
b) Tangential crimping
c) Circular crimping
d) Diode crimping
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Bond of prestressing wires may be considerably improved by forming surface
indentations and by helical crimping of wires in Hoyer’s system, strands have considerable better
bond characteristics than plain wires of equal cross sectional area supplementary anchoring devices
are required when single wires of larger diameter are used in the pretensioned units.

7. The Hoyer’s method of prestressing is done by ___________

a) Pulling out of wires
b) Pushing wires

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c) Heating of wires
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d) Stressing of wires
View Answer
D

Answer: a
Explanation: Hoyer’s system of prestressing involves pulling out of wires between two bulkheads
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which are separated at large distances in order to produce a larger number of beams in an individual
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alignment, the concrete is to be poured by providing appropriate shuttering between the beams and
then the wires are united after hardening of concrete and cutoff.
R

8. Hoyer’s system of pretensioning can be done for beams.

a) 1
M

b) More than 2
c) Less than 2
d) 2
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: United beams more than 2 are hardened in Hoyer’s method of pretensiong in case of
large distances between each beam, the most commonly used devices are the Weinberg clip
developed in France and the Dorland clip developed in the united states these clips are clamped on
to the tensioned wires close on the end diaphragms of the units before concreting operations.

9. The Hoyer’s system of prestressing proves to be economical for ___________

a) Pre tensioning system
b) Post tensioning system
c) Beam casting
d) Bed casting
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The post tensioning system was considered as economical when compared to pre
tensioning system, when used for larger spans due to this reason pre tensioning system was
replaced by post tensioning system, for mass production of pretensioned elements, the long line
process developed by Hoyer is generally used in the factory and in this method the tendons are
stretched several hundred meters apart so that a number of similar units may be cast along the
same group of tensioned wires.

10. In Hoyer’s system the projection of plugs left in concrete exceeds beyond ___________
a) Middle of member
b) End of member
c) First of member
d) Transfer part of member
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: One of the disadvantages of Hoyer’s system is the projection of plugs which are left in
concrete exceeds beyond the end of the member, application of heavy jacks which are
uneconomical, projection of plugs which are left in concrete exceeds beyond the ends of the
member, additional reinforcement is required to prevent failure of shear.

T
EN
1. The method of pre stressing by heated tendons, achieved by passing an electric current is known
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as ___________
a) Chemical pre stressing
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b) Thermo electric pre stressing

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c) Dynamic pre stressing

d) Thermo blasting pre stressing
View Answer
R

Answer: b
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Explanation: In this method the tendons are heated through the high tensile wires and by allowing
electric current to flow through it, this process is referred as thermo electric pre stressing, in the
erstwhile U.S.S.R, the electro thermal method has been widely used since 1958 for pretensioning bar
reinforcements of precast units.

2. In thermo electric pre stressing, heating the bars is done to a temperature of ___________
a) 300-400degrees
b) 500-600degrees
c) 200-300degrees
d) 150-450degrees
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The temperature in the bars is raised from 300 to 400degrees for a time duration of 3to
5 minutes, with this the bar elongates up to 0.4 to 0.5%, empirical relations for the estimation of the
current, voltage and power requirements of the transformer are reported by Graduck.

3. The period of cooling in thermo electric pre stressing is observed as ___________

a) 20-30 minutes
b) 12-15 minutes
c) 5-10 minutes
d) 15-20 minutes
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: After the process of cooling, the bars get shortened but which can be known with the
fixed arrangement at both the ends and the period of cooling is observed as 12 to 15minutes, a steel
metal sheath of enlarged diameter and sufficient length is generally used to cover the splice, screw
threaded connectors are not recommended for splicing heat treated prestressing steels, which are
highly suspectable for stress corrosion.

4. The thermo electric pre stressing, initial stress in tendons ranges between ___________
a) 500-600n/mm2
b) 200-300n/mm2

c) 100-150n/mm2

d) 600-800n/mm2

View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Thermo electric pre stressing helps to cause on initial stress in tendons of magnitude

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from 500 to 600n/mm2 and concrete is placed in moulds only after the temperature of the wires falls
EN
below 90degrees.

5. In which place thermo electric pre stressing found to be more economical?

a) Canada
D

b) USSR
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c) France
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d) Switzerland
View Answer

Answer: b
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Explanation: In the erstwhile USSR, the Thermo electric pre stressing method has been widely used
M

since 1958 for pre tensioning bar reinforcements of pre cast units and this method has been found
to be more economical than conventional mechanical devices.

6. The thermo electric pre stressing is also used in ___________

a) Pre-block units
b) Pre-cast units
c) Pre-beam units
d) Pre-anchorage units
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Thermo electric pre stressing is adopted in many foreign countries as it is most
economical when compared to the other conventional mechanical devices; it is also used in precast
units, precast are only used within ranges of exterior and interior walls compressed in concrete and
stone, creating a solid but maneuverable wall or face, precast concrete production performed on
ground level, which helps with safety throughout a project.

7. The tensioning of oval section ribbed wires with an ultimate tensile strength was adopted in
___________
a) Germany
b) France
c) Switzerland
d) Britain
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Thermo electric pre stressing has also been adopted in Germany for the tensioning of
oval section ribbed wires with an ultimate tensile strength of 1600n/mm 2, the wrapping wire of 1mm
diameter is generally used for splicing wires up to 6mm diameter and the length of splice may vary
from 20-30cm and the splice formed in this manner has a strength almost equal to that of the
normal wire and this type of splice is generally used for the wires of circular concrete tanks and
anchorage loops.

8. The estimation of the current, voltage and power requirements of the transformer are for
___________
a) Theoretical equations
b) Empirical relations
c) Global relations
d) Quadratic equations
View Answer
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EN
Answer: b
Explanation: A temperature of about 460 c was necessary to induce an initial stress of 55 percent of
0
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the ultimate tensile strength the heating time being 40-90s at 30v and 300-1100 A and Empirical
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relations for the estimation of the current, voltage and power requirements of the transformer are
reported by Graduck.
ST

9. In thermo electric pre stressing, the elongation is observed in case of ___________

a) Bar after cooling
R

b) Bar after heating

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c) Bar after anchoring

d) Simple bar
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: In case of heating the bar gets elongated and shortens after heating and after
anchorages are applied on both sides which stretch the bar, clamp splices are equipped with bolts
and nuts since there will be a considerable reduction in the tensile strength of up to 50 percent,
these type of splice can be used only in locations where the prestressing force can be sufficiently
reduced by the curvature of tendon due to friction.

10. How many wedges are considered in the case of torpedo splices?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 2
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Tendons are spliced in case of continuous pre stressed concrete members to gain
continuity and the various types of splices used as tendons are screw connector, torpedo splices,
clamp splice and wrapped splice and torpedo splices consists of triple wedges for securing the wires
and the entire unit is covered and protected by a sleeve and this type of splice is largely used for
splicing cold drawn wires.

1. The chemical pre stressing is also called as ___________

a) Self stressing
b) Whole stressing
c) Half stressing
d) Model stressing
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Self stressing or chemical pre stressing of concrete was made possible by the
development of expanding cements by Lossier of France in 1944 and generally expanding cement
consist of 75% Portland cement, 15% alumina cement and 10 % gypsum which result in formation of
calcium Sulpho aluminate.

2. The linear expansion of the cement in chemical pre stressing is about ___________
a)
T 5-10%
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b) 2-3%
c) 3-4%
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d) 6-7%
View Answer
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Answer: c
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Explanation: The linear expansion of the cement in chemical prestressing is about 3 to 4% Mikhailov
has reported that expansive cements have been used for pre stressing purposes in erstwhile in USSR
R

since 1949 and splices are adopted for circular prestressing of tanks and the advantage is that there
is no reduction in the strength of wire.
M

3. The degree of expansion can be controlled by varying the conditions of ___________

a) Bending
b) Bonding
c) Heating
d) Curing
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The degree of expansion can be controlled by varying the curing conditions in
expanding cements and when the concrete is subjected to compression the amount and rate of
expansion is controlled by controlling the curing conditions of the member.

4. The expansion of the concrete is restrained by ___________

a) High-tensile steel
b) High-strength concrete
c) Precast members
d) Concrete members
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: concrete is composite material consisting of an aggregate and a binder phase and the
binder phase is hardened cement and the expansion of concrete is restrained by high tensile steel
wires, the compressive stresses that develop in concrete and steel wires are subjected to tensile
stresses.

5. The tensile stresses developed in steel by the expansion of concrete are about ___________
a) 850n/mm2
b) 250n/mm2

c) 600n/mm2

d) 500n/mm2

View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Tensile stresses of up to 850n/mm were developed in steel by the expansion concrete
2

results of laboratory investigations of several types of chemically pre stressed elements, such as
beams, slabs, frames, columns, pipes and hyperbolic parabolic sheets have demonstrated the
feasibility of chemical pre stressing.

6. The chemical pre stressing is generally suited for elements like ___________
a) Pre cast beams and columns

T
b) Bonding elements
EN
c) Breakage elements
d) Tensioning elements
View Answer
D

Answer: a
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Explanation: It has been found that structural elements ideally suited for chemical pre stressing
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include pipes, thin walls and slabs, shells; folded plates and composite columns as well as pre cast
beams and columns.

7. The method of chemical pre stressing is not suited for ___________

R

a) High degrees of prestress

M

b) High degrees of compression

c) High degrees of anchoring
d) High degrees of jacking
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: In the present state of art, chemical pre stressing can be applied to structural elements
and systems in which the optimum amount of pre stress is relatively low and this method is most not
suited for high degrees of prestress and high percentages of steel where mechanical pre stressing
can be conveniently used.

8. The suitability of post tensioning is good for ___________

a) Long spans
b) Break spans
c) Edge spans
d) End spans
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The suitability of post tensioning is good for medium to long span in situ work, where
the cost of tensioning is very less and the major advantage of is the stopped off and curved cables
are allowed by which designer can easily differ the prestresss distribution.

9. The long span decks are fabricated by ___________

a) Post tensioning
b) Pre tensioning
c) Thermo electric prestress
d) Chemical prestress
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Post tensioning is ideally suited in concrete construction work involving stage
prestressing most of the long span bridge structures are constructed using post tensioning system
and long span bridge decks are also fabricated by the use of post tensioning.

10. The concrete dams are constructed using which?

a) Post tensioning
b) Thermo electric pre tensioning

T
c) Biological pre tensioning
EN
d) Elongation pre tensioning
View Answer
D

Answer: a
Explanation: Concrete dams, biological shields of nuclear reactors and circular pre stressing of large
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concrete tanks are strengthened by using post tensioning and high tensile wire is wrapped under
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high tension using a wire serving machine developed by the inventors.

R

1. The analysis of stresses developed in prestressed concrete structural elements is based on how
M

many assumptions?
a) 5
b) 4
c) 3
d) 2
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The analysis of stresses developed in a prestressed concrete structural elements is
based on the following assumptions: Concrete is a homogeneous elastic material, Within the range
of working stresses, both concrete and steel behave elastically, notwithstanding the small amount of
creep which occurs in both the materials under sustained loading, a plan section remains plain even
after bending.

2. The tensile stresses when do not exceed the limit of modulus then change in loading of member
results in ___________
a) Change of bending moment
b) Change of stress
c) Change in shear
d) Change in rupture
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: As long as tensile stresses do not exceed the limit of modulus of rupture of concrete
(corresponding to the stage of visible cracking of concrete), any change in loading of the member
results in a change of stress in the concrete only, the sole function of the prestressing tendon being
to impart and maintain the prestress in the concrete.

3. Which conditions are negligible at the stage of visible cracking on concrete?

a) Bending conditions
b) Joint conditions
c) Zone conditions
d) Loading conditions
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Up to the stage of visible cracking on concrete, the changes in the stress of steel, the
loading being negligibly small, are generally not considered in the computations, the phenomenon of
stress corrosion in steel is particularly dangerous, as it results in sudden brittle fractures.

4. The stresses due to prestressing

T
are referred as ___________
EN
a) Combined stresses
b) Bending stresses
D

c) Anchoring stresses
d) Tensioning stresses
U

View Answer
ST

Answer: a
Explanation: The stresses due to prestressing alone are generally combined stresses due to the
R

action of direct load and bending resulting from an eccentricity applied load, the stresses in concrete
are evaluated by using the well known relationship for combined stresses, this type of attack in
M

alloys is due to the internal metallurgical structure, which is influenced by composition, heat
treatment and mechanical processing.

5. Which of the following notations are used for evaluating the relationship for combined stresses?
a) P, E, M, A, I
b) P, σ, M, g, I
c) P, W, M, π, L
d) P, θ, M, Z, L
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The notations and sign conservations used for the analysis of prestress are
P-Prestressing force, e-eccentricity of prestressing force, m – p × e – moment
A – Cross sectional area of the concrete member, I – second moment of area of section about its
centroid.

6. The uniform prestress in a concrete member subjected to concentric prestressing is ___________

a) P/e
b) P/s
c) P/t
d) P/a
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Uniform prestress in concrete p/a, which is compressive across the depth of the beam
and the applied loads, dead loads of the beam include tensile stress towards the soffit and are
counterbalanced more effectively by eccentric tendons.

7. In case of eccentric prestressing force the support force F sup is ___________

a) Fsup = p/a(1+eyb/i2)
b) Fsup = p/a(1+eyb/i2)
c) Fsup = p/a
d) Fsup = p/a-eb
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The stresses developed at the top and bottom fibers of the beam are obtained by the
two relations:
Finf = (p/a+pe/zb) = p/a(1+eyb/i ), Fsup = (p/a-pe/zb) = p/a(1-ybt/i ).
2 2

T
8. The diagram indicating the direct stress of the beam is?
EN
D

a)
U
ST

b)
R
M

c)

d)
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation:
9. The diagram indicating the bending stress of the cross section the beam is?

a)

b)

c)

d)
View Answer

Answer:
T a
EN
D
U
ST

Explanation:

10. The cross section of beam is combination of ___________

R

a) Direct stresses and Bending stresses

M

b) Principal stresses and Shear stresses

c) Anchorage and Tension stresses
d) Flexural and Rigidity stresses
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation:
1. The equivalent moment of given loading is?

a) Pe
b) 4Pe/L
c) Pe/L2
d) Pe/aL

View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation:

T
EN
D

2. The tendon profile of given equivalent loading is?

U
ST
R
M

a)

b)

c)
d)
View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation:
Equivalent moment M=4Pe/L
Camber provided is WL2/48EI.

3. The cable provided for the given loading is?

T
EN
D

a) ML2/8EI
b) WL3/48EI
U

c) 5WL4/384EI
ST

d) 12WL4/384EI
View Answer
R

Answer: c
Explanation: Equivalent moment for cable provided for the given loading condition is W= 8Pe/L 2
M

and Camber provided for the cable is 5WL4

/384EI.

4. The moment profile for given loading is?

a) W=Pe/aL
b) W=Pe/4aL
c) W=Pe/16aL
d) W=Pe/24aL
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The moment profile for the given loading Equivalent moment is W=Pe/aL and
Camber provided is a(3-4a2)WL2/24EI.
5. A rectangular prestressed beam 150 mm wide and 300mm deep is used over a effective span of
10m and the cable with zero eccentricity at the supports, linearly varying to 50mm at the centre
carries an effective prestressing force of 500kn(Z=225×10 4). Evaluate stress due to prestressing?
a) 22.2n/mm2
b) 42.2n/mm2

c) 32.2n/mm2

d) 52.2n/mm2

View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: b=150mm, d=300mm, l = 10m, e=50mm, p=500kn
Self weight of beam g = (0.15×0.3×24)=1.08kn/m,
Moment due to self weight = (0.125×1.08×10 2=13.5knm,
Stress due to self weight = (13.5×10 6/225×104) = 6n/mm2,
Stress due to prestressing = (P/A+Pe/A) = (500×10 /45×10 )+(500×10 ×50/225×10 ) = 22.22n/mm2.
3 3 3 4

6. A rectangular beam of 300mm wide and 800mm deep supports two concentrated loads of 20kn
each at a span of 9m. Calculate the prestressing force and suggest a suitable cable profile if the
eccentricity is 50mm?
a) 600kn
b) 500kn

T
c) 200kn
EN
d) 800kn
View Answer
D

Answer: a
Explanation: Q = 20kn, e = 100mm, L = 9m, Z = 32×10 6mm3
U

Pe = QL/3 , P = (QL/3e) = (200×9000/3×100) = 600kn.

ST

7. A beam of symmetrical I-section spanning 8m has a flange width of 250mm and flange thickness
of 80mm, overall depth is 450mm, eccentricity of 150mm, g = 1.57kn/m, q = 2.50kn/m. Determine
R

effective force?
a) 250
M

b) 217
c) 320
d) 200
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The bending moment at the centre of the span is M g = (0.125×1.57×82) = 12.56knm
Mq = (0.125×2.50×82)=20knm, Total moment M = (M g+Mq)=32.5knm
P = (M/e) = (32.5×103/150) = 217kn.

8. The shape of the bending moment diagram results from ___________

a) Tendon profile
b) External loads
c) Cable profile
d) Compression
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The cable profile in a prestressed member corresponds to the shape of the bending
moment diagram resulting from the external loads, in a prestressed concrete member external type
of loads are balanced by transverse component of suitable cable profile.

9. When the beam supports two concentrated loads, the cable follows which profile?
a) Straight
b) Bent
c) Curved
d) Trapezoidal
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: If the beam supports two concentrated loads, the cable should follow a trapezoidal
cable because of the concentrated loads the cable bends in a trapezoidal shape, the reactions are
obtained by replacing the forces acting on concrete with tendons.

10. If the beam supports uniformly distributed load the tendon follows.
a) Straight
b) Ellipse profile
c) Random profile
d) Parabolic profile

T
View Answer
EN
Answer: d
Explanation: When the beam supports uniformly distributed load, the corresponding tendon should
D

follow a parabolic profile, when a prestressed a concrete beam AB of span l it is subjected to an

external load of w/m length the prestressing force p, the prestress is imparted to the beam with the
U

help of parabolic tendon with the dip of h at the centre due to parabolic profile the beam is
ST

subjected to upward uniform force We is given as p x = p = wel2/8h.

11. The concept of load balancing is useful in selecting the___________

R

a) Anchorage profile
b) Bending profile
M

c) Tendon profile
d) Jack profile
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The concept of loading balancing is useful in selecting the tendon profile, which can
supply the most desirable system of forces in concrete, straight portion of cable profile does not
produce any reactions at the end, while the curve and sharp angles of cable develop uniformly
distributed and concentrated load respectively

1. The philosophy of design is termed as ______________

a) Limit state approach
b) Limit area method
c) Limit design approach
d) Limit elasticity approach
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The philosophy of design termed as “Limit state approach” adopted by the Russian
code in 1954 and the American and British codes in 1971, it requires a proper knowledge of the
behavior of structural concrete members at the multiple limit states, of which deflection forms an
important criterion for the safety of the structure.

2. The structural concrete members if not designed to have adequate stiffness, it affects
____________
a) Serviceability
b) Local conditions
c) Aggregates
d) Cement
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: In general, according to various national codes, the structural concrete members should
be designed to have adequate stiffness to limit deflections, which may adversely affect the strength
or serviceability of the structure at working loads.

3. The large deflections under dynamic effects may cause ____________

T
a) Likely appearance to users
EN
b) Discomfort to users
c) High bending
d) Requires more construction materials
D

View Answer
U

Answer: b
ST

Explanation: Large deflections under dynamic effects and under the influence of variable loads may
cause discomfort to users, the members of structural concrete are designed in such a way that it
possess adequate stiffness to control the deflections or it may leads to a very great impact on
R

serviceability conditions and strength of a structure at working loads.

M

4. The excessive deflections are likely to cause damage to ____________

a) Partitions
b) Footing
c) Column
d) Beam
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Excessive deflections are likely to cause damage to finishes, partitions and associated
structures, the principal structural members which resulted in excessive sagging condition makes the
floor area not suitable for further use.

5. Which of the following influence the deflections of prestressed concrete members?

a) Cable profile
b) Wall profile
c) Type of aggregates
d) Type of cement
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The deflections of prestressed concrete members are influenced by the following
salient features: imposed load and self weight, magnitude of the prestressing force, cable profile,
and second moment of area of cross section, modulus of elasticity of concrete, shrinkage, creep,
relaxation, span, and fixity conditions.

6. Which type of deflections is solved by Mohr’s theorem?

a) Instantaneous
b) Long
c) Middle span
d) End span
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The computations of short term or instantaneous deflections, which occur immediately
after the transfer of prestress and on application of loads is conveniently done by Mohr’s theorem
from certain surveys it is concluded that the maximum deflection should be noted including with
limiting deflection span ratio.

7. In the pre cracking stage, the deflections are computed by ____________

T
a) Prestressing force
EN
b) Sectional area
c) Diameter
d) Second moment of area
D

View Answer
U

Answer: d
ST

Explanation: In the pre cracking stage the whole cross section is effective and the deflections in this
stage are computed by using the second moment of area of the gross concrete section, as the length
of the structural member increases the deflections can be controlled to a maximum extent possible.
R

8. In a post cracking stage, a prestressed concrete beam behaves in a manner similar to

M

____________
a) Reinforced concrete beam
b) Flexural beam
c) High strength of concrete
d) Soffit beam
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: In the post cracking stage, a prestressed concrete beam behaves in a manner similar to
that of a reinforced concrete beam, these beams undergo cracking under working loads, they
undergo large deflections and reinforced concrete beam require shear reinforcement in this testing
of steel and concrete cannot be done.

9. The computations in post cracking stage are by considering ____________

a) Moment of inertia
b) Moment curvature
c) Moment design
d) Moment area
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The computations of deflections in this stage are made by considering moment
curvature relationships which involve the section, properties of the cracked beam, based on
prestressing forces and live loads the deflections of prestressed concrete members can be calculated
if the longitudinal distribution of curvatures and magnitude of beam can be known at that particular
time.

10. In both pre and post cracking stages the effect of creep and shrinkage of concrete is to increase
the ____________
a) Short term deflections
b) Middle span deflections
c) Long span deflections
d) Edge span deflections
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: In both pre and post cracking stages the effect of creep and shrinkage of concrete is to
increase the long term deflections under sustained loads, which is estimated by using empirical
methods that involve the use of effective (long term), modulus of elasticity or by multiplying short
term deflections by suitable factors.

T
EN
1. The short term deflections are also known as __________
D

a) Cracked
b) Un cracked
U

c) Instantaneous
ST

d) Non instantaneous
View Answer
R

2. Which of the following is the equation given Mohr’s first theorem?

a) Area of bending moment deflection/flexural rigidity
M

b) Moment/flexural rigidity
c) Deflection/flexural rigidity
d) Loads/flexural rigidity
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: When the beam AB is subjected to a bending moment distribution due to prestressing
force or self weight or imposed loads, ACB is the centre line of the deformed structure under the
system of given loads, According to Mohr’s first theorem
Slope = area of bending moment deflection/flexural rigidity, θ = A/EI.

3. Which of the following is the equation given by Mohr’s second theorem?

a) Mid span/flexural rigidity
b) Moment of area of bending moment diagram/flexural rigidity
c) End span/flexural rigidity
d) Thickness/flexural rigidity
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Mohr’s second theorem states that
Intercept, a = (moment of the area of bending moment deflections/flexural rigidity), a = AX/EI,
a = deflection at the centre for symmetrically loaded, simply supported beam (since the tangent is
horizontal for such cases), A = area of bending moment deflection between A and C, x = distance of
the centroid of the bending moment deflection between A and C from the left support, EI = flexural
rigidity of beam.

4. Which of the following deflections are directly obtained by Mohr’s second area theorem?
a) Simply supported beam
b) Uniformly distributed load
c) Point beams
d) Fixed beams
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The deflections of symmetrically loaded and simply supported beam at the mid span
point are directly obtained from the second moment area theorem since the tangent is horizontal at
this span, In most of cases of prestressed beams tendons are located with eccentricities towards the
soffit of the beam to counteract the sagging bending moments due to transverse loads.

T
EN
5. The problems involving unsymmetrical loading can be solved by __________
a) Mohr’s theorem
b) Kennedy’s theorem
D

c) Row’s theorem
U

d) Casagrande’s theorem
View Answer
ST

Answer: a
Explanation: More complicated problems involving unsymmetrical loading may be solved by
R

combining both the moment area theorems Mohr’s first theorem and second theorem, since the
M

bending moment at every section is the product of prestressing force and eccentricity the tendon
profile itself will represent the shape of the bending moment diagram.

6. A straight tendon at a uniform eccentricity below the centroidal axis is given as __________
a) –PeL2/4EI
b) –PeL2/8EI
c) –PeL2/14EI
d) –PeL2/16EI
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A straight tendon at a uniform eccentricity below the centroidal axis is given as:
If the camber of beam with straight tendons upward deflections are considered as negative and
a = -(PeL) (L/4)/EI = -PeL2/8EI, P = effective prestressing force, e = eccentricity, L = length of beam.

7. A tendon with a trapezoidal profile considering the bending moment and deflection at the centre
of the beam is obtained by __________
a) –Pe/6EI(2l12+6l1l2+3l22)
b) –Pe/6EI(2l12+6l1l2+3l22)
c) –Pe/6EI(2l12+6l1l2+3l22)
d) –Pe/6EI(2l12+6l1l2+3l22)
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A draped tendon with a trapezoidal profile considering the bending moment diagram
the deflection at the centre of the beam is obtained by taking the moment of the area of the
bending moment diagram over one half of the span A = –Pe/6EI(2l 12+6l1l2+3l22).

8. The deflection of a beam with parabolic tendon is given as __________

a) –5PeL2/48EI
b) –10PeL2/48EI
c) –15PeL2/48EI
d) –3PeL2/48EI
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The deflection of the beam with parabolic tendons having an eccentricity e at the
center and zero at the supports is given by a = –5PeL 2/48EI, a beam with a parabolic tendon having
an eccentricity e1 at the centre of span and e 2 at the support sections and the resultant deflection at
the centre is obtained as the sum of the upward deflection of a beam with a parabolic tendon of

T
eccentricity e1+e2 at the centre and zero at the supports and the downward deflection of a beam
EN
subjected to a uniform sagging bending moment of intensity pe 2 throughout the length, the resultant
stress becomes a = PL2/48EI(-5e1+e2).
D

9. The deflection is computed in a way similar to sloping tendon is given as __________

a) 2PL2/24EI
U

b) 4PL2/24EI
ST

c) PL3/24EI (-2e1+e2)
d) PL2/24EI (e1+e2)
View Answer
R

Answer: c
M

Explanation: The deflection in sloping tendon is computed in a way similar to:

A = (-PL2/12EI (e1+e2)) + (Pe2L2/8EI)
A = (PL3/24EI (-2e1+e2)).

10. The deflection due to self weight and imposed loads are __________
a) 5(g+q)L4/384EI
b) 5(g+q)L4/384EI
c) 5(g+q)L4/384EI
d) 5(g+q)L4/384EI
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: At the time of transfer of prestress, the beam hogs up due to the effect of prestressing,
at this stage the self weight of the beam includes downward deflections, which further increases due
to the effect of imposed loads on the beam a = 5(g+q)L 4/384EI and deflections due to concentrated
live loads can be directly computed by using Mohr’s theorem.
1. The deformation of prestressed members change with time as a result of __________
a) Creep and shrinkage
b) Friction and torsion
c) Deformation and flexibility
d) Cracking moment
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The deformation of prestressed members change with time as a result of creep and
shrinkage of concrete and relaxation of stress in steel, practically the change in stress obtained is
relatively very small and hence it may be assumed that at constant stress the formation of creep
occurs in concrete.

2. The deflection of prestressed members can be computed relative to given __________

a) Bending moment
b) Strain diagram
c) Curvature
d) Datum
View Answer

T
Answer: d
EN
Explanation: The deflection of prestressed members can be computed relative to a given datum if
the magnitude and longitudinal distribution of curvatures for the beam span are known based on
load history including prestressing forces and live loads.
D

3. The prestressed concrete member develops deformation under the influence of __________
U

a) Flexural moments
ST

b) Stress strain diagram

c) Prestress and transverse loads
d) Self weight
R

View Answer
M

Answer: c
Explanation: The prestressed concrete members develop deformation under the influence of two
usually opposing effects, which are the prestress effects and transverse loads and the deflections
caused are to be changed first because the loss incurred due to prestress which in turn decreases
the deflection and effects of creep which increases the deflection are suggested in the method for
long term deflections.

4. The net curvature ϕ tat a section at any given stage is given as __________
a) ϕt = ϕw + ϕe
b) ϕt = ϕm + ϕn
c) ϕt = ϕp + ϕs
d) ϕt = ϕ mt + ϕ pt

View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The net curvature ϕ t at a section at any given stage is obtained
ϕt = ϕmt + ϕpt, ϕmt = change of curvature caused by transverse loads,
ϕpt = change of curvature caused by prestress, as the time changes the compressive stress
distribution in the concrete also changes under sustained transverse loads.
5. The section of sustained transverse loads under compressive stress distribution in the concrete
changes with __________
a) Time
b) Intensity
c) Bending moment
d) Curing
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Under the section of sustained transverse loads, the compressive stress distribution in
the concrete changes with time, axial force is a measurement of the forces required to pull
something such as rope, wire or structural beam to the point where it breaks compression force is
the application of power, pressure and erection against an object.

6. The creep strain due to the transverse loads is directly computed as a function of __________
a) Strain coefficient
b) Creep coefficient
c) Stress coefficient
d) Bending
View Answer

T
EN
Answer: c
Explanation: The creep strain due to transverse loads is directly computed as a function of the creep
coefficient so that the change of curvature can be estimated by the expression,
D

Φmt = (1+ϕ)ϕi,
U

ϕ = creep coefficient, ϕi = initial curvature immediately after the application of transverse loads.
ST

7. Which of the following person made attributions to evaluate the curvature under simplified
assumptions?
a) Mchenry
R

b) Rose
M

c) Daglon
d) Carnwallis
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Several methods have been proposed to evaluate the curvature under simplified
assumptions and important ones are attributed by Buseman, Mchenry, Douglas, Corley, Sozen and
Siessand and the numerical solutions developed ignore the influence of the tensile concrete zone on
the strain distribution in the section, which considerably effect deflection the equation for long term
deflection of cracked members.

8. The creep curvature due to prestress is obtained on the simplified assumption that creep is
induced by the average prestress acting over the given time is according to __________
a) Busemann
b) Douglas
c) Lorley
d) Neville
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: According to Neville and the ACI committee report, the creep curvature is obtained due
to prestress based on a very simplified assumption that the creep is induced into the concrete by the
average prestress acting over with respect to the given time.

9. A simplified but an approximate procedure for computing long time deflections is given by
__________
a) Siess
b) Corley
c) Lin
d) Doglas
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: “Lin” suggested a procedure which is not exactly accurate but it helps in calculating long
term deflections in a very simplified manner, this procedure helped in calculating the long term
deflections.

10. The long time deflections are expressed as __________

a) af = (ail-aipxpt/pi) (1+ϕ)

T
b) af = (ail-aipxpt/pi)
EN
c) af = (ail-aipxpt/pi)
d) af = (ail-aipxpt/pi)
View Answer
D

Answer: a
U

Explanation: The principle of reduced modulus involving the creep coefficient is used to amplify the
ST

initial deflections and according to this method, the final long time deflections are expressed as:
af = (ail – aipxpt / pi) (1+ϕ).
R
M

1. Which type of cables are advantages in reducing the effective shear?

a) Straight
b) Curved
c) Trapezoidal
d) Longitudinal
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Curved cables are advantageous in reducing the effective shear and together with the
horizontal compressive prestress, reduce the magnitude of the principal tension and the effect of
shear is to induce tensile stresses on diagonal planes and prestressing is beneficial since it reduces
the magnitude of the principal tensile stress in concrete.

2. The various codes recommend empirical relations to estimate ____________

a) Ultimate shear resistance
b) Ultimate torsional resistance
c) Ultimate bending resistance
d) Ultimate load
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The various codes recommend empirical relations to estimate the ultimate shear
resistance of the section by considering the flexure shear and web shear cracking modes and the
design shear resistance should exceeded the ultimate shear due to the transverse loads and if not,
suitable transverse reinforcements are designed to resist the balance shear force.

3. Which type of shear reinforcement should be provided for members with thin webs?
a) Maximum shear reinforcement
b) Minimum shear reinforcement
c) Nominal shear reinforcement
d) Tensile reinforcement
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: In members with thin webs such as I and T sections nominal shear reinforcements have
to be provided to prevent cracking due to variations in temperature the provisions for design of
shear reinforcements prescribed in British, American and Indian standard have been dealt with in
the case off structural concrete members subjected to torsion, shear stresses develop depending
upon the type of cross section and magnitude of torque and the shear stresses in association with
the flexural stresses may give rise to principal tensile stress the value of which when it exceeds

T
tensile strength of the concrete results in the development of cracks on the surface of the member.
EN
4. The pre and post tensioned members with bonded tendons bond stress between ____________
a) Steel and concrete
D

b) Steel and water

U

c) Steel and aggregates

d) Steel and plastic
ST

View Answer

Answer: a
R

Explanation: Pre tensioned or post tensioned members with bonded tendons develop bond stresses
M

between steel and concrete when the sections are subjected to transverse shear forces due to the
rate of change of moment along length of the beam and in the case of type 1 and 2 members, which
are uncracked at service loads, the flexural bond stresses developed are computed by considering
the complete section.

5. In case of pre tensioned member, the computations of transmission length are influenced by?
a) Bond
b) Flexure
c) Torsion
d) Tension
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: In the case of pre tensioned members, the computations of the transmission length at
the ends is of practical significance since the support positions are influenced by bond and
transmission length.

6. When prestress is transferred to concrete by means of external anchorages which pressure is

developed?
a) Bearing
b) Twisting
c) Torsion
d) Bent
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: In the case of post tensioned members where prestress is transferred to concrete by
means of external anchorages, the bearing pressures develop behind the anchorages have to be
investigated and suitably controlled to prevent crushing failure of the end block zone.

7. The bearing pressure on the concrete is given as ____________

a) 0.4fci
b) 0.8fci

c) 0.12fci

d) 0.2fci

View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: According to the Indian standard code IS: 1343-1980, the permissible unit bearing
pressure on the concrete after allowing for all losses is limited to: 0.48f ci (Abr/Apan) or 0.8 fci, fci = cube
strength of concrete at transfer, A br= bearing area, Apan = punching area.

T
8. The effective punching area A pun is generally the contact area of ____________
EN
a) Tendon device
b) Anchorage device
c) Stress device
D

d) Strain device
U

View Answer
ST

Answer: b
Explanation: The effective punching area is generally the contact area of the anchoring device and
the bearing area is taken as the maximum area of that portion of the member which is geometrically
R

similar and concentric to the effective punching area.

M

9. The end block of a beam has a rectangular section 100mm wide by 200mm deep, the force of
cable is 200kn. Find the actual bearing pressure?
a) 30n/mm2
b) 40n/mm2

c) 20n/mm2

d) 10n/mm2

View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: force of cable = 200kn, b = 100mm, d = 200mm
Bearing area Abr = (100×100) = 10000mm 2,
Actual bearing pressure = (200×10 ) / 10000 = 20n/mm .
3 2

10. The end block of a prestressed concrete beam has a rectangular section; a cable carrying a force
of 200kn is to be anchored against the end block at the centre if the cube strength of concrete at
transfer is 30n/mm2. Design the maximum permissible bearing pressure?(A br = 10000mm2)
a) 24n/mm2
b) 48n/mm2

c) 54n/mm2

d) 12n/mm22

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Assuming an anchor plate of size 50mm by 50mm, punching area A pun = (50×50) =
2500mm2, Abr = 10000mm2, maximum permissible bearing pressure = 0.48fci(A br/Apun) or 0.8fci
whichever is smaller, fb = 0.48x30x(10000/2500)1/2 = 28.8n/mm 2 or (0.8×30) = 24n/mm22.

1. In the anchorage zone or the end block of a post tensioned prestressed concrete element, the
state of stress distribution is considered as ____________
a) Zero
b) Complex
c) Easy
d) Unity
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: In the anchorage zone or the end block of a post tensioned prestressed concrete
element, the state of stress distribution is complex and three dimensional in nature, in most post
tensioned members the prestressing wires are introduced in cable holes or ducts, preformed in the
members, and then stressed and anchored at the end faces.

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2. The stress distribution at a distance far away from the loaded face is computed from
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____________
a) Simple bending theory
D

b) Complex bending theory

c) Axial bending theory
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d) Parallel bending theory

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View Answer

Answer: a
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Explanation: According to st.venant’s principle, the stress distribution at a distance far away from
the loaded face (normally at a distance equal to or greater than the depth of the beam) can be
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computed from the simple bending theory.

3. The term anchorage zone or end block is termed as ____________

a) Zone between end and section
b) Zone between middle and section
c) Zone between edge and section
d) Zone between tension and section
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The zone between the end of the beam and the section where only longitudinal stress
exists is generally referred to as anchorage zone or end block, as a result of this, large forces,
concentrated over relatively small areas are applied on the end blocks, the highly discontinuous
which are applied at the end while changing progressively to continuous linear distribution, develop
transverse and shear stresses.

4. The transverse stresses developed in the anchorage zone are ____________

a) Tensile
b) Compressive
c) Shafted
d) Jacked
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The transverse stresses developed in the anchorages zone are tensile in nature over a
large length and since concrete is weak in tension, adequate reinforcement should be provided to
resist this tension.

5. Which knowledge is essential at the anchorage zone according to view of designer?

a) Transverse stresses
b) Distribution of stresses
c) Zone stresses
d) Anchorage stresses
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: From the point of view of the designer, it is essential to have a good knowledge of the
distribution of stresses in the anchorage zone, so that he can provide an adequate amount of steel,
properly distributed to sustain the transverse tensile stresses.

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6. The investigations studied the stress distribution in the anchorage zone stresses using
EN
____________
a) Theoretical solutions
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b) Linear equations
c) Pie diagrams
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d) Charts and blocks

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View Answer

Answer: a
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Explanation: A number of investigations have studied the stress distribution in the anchorage zone
using empirical equations or theoretical equations or theoretical solutions based on two or three
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dimensional elasticity or experimental techniques.

7. Who among the one has done investigations on anchorage zone stress?
a) Kern
b) Dalton
c) Guyon
d) Lacey
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The important investigations were those done by Magnel, Guyon, Iyengar, Zielinski,
Rowe, Yettram, Robbins and Chandra sekhara, since the lines of force follow the same pattern with
half the radius of curvature the length of the anchorage zone is halved, the transverse tension
developed is also proportionately reduced, in similar way the greater the number of points of
application of the prestressing force on the end block, the more uniform is the stress distribution.

8. The main aim of stress analysis in the anchorage zone is to obtain ____________
a) Zone tensile stress
b) Transverse tensile stress
c) Longitudinal tensile stress
d) Jack tensile stress
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The main aim of stress analysis in the anchorage zone is to obtain the transverse tensile
stress distribution in the end block from which the total transverse bursting tension could be
computed, the effect of transverse tensile stresses is to develop a zone of bursting tension in a
direction perpendicular to the anchorage forces.

9. During anchorage of the end faces results in application of ____________

a) Small forces
b) Neutral forces
c) Large forces
d) Tensile forces
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: In most post tensioned members, the prestressing wires are introduced in cable holes
or ducts, performed in the members and then stressed and anchorage at end faces and as a result of

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this, large forces, concentrated over relatively small areas, are applied on end blocks.
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10. The discontinuous forces applied at the end while changing progressively to develop
____________
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a) Transverse and shear

b) Principle and shear
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c) Bursting and shear

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d) Longitudinal and shear

View Answer
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Answer: a
Explanation: The highly discontinuous forces which are applied at the end, while changing
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progressively to continuous linear distribution, develop transverse and shear stresses, the ratio of
transverse tensile stresses to the average compressive stress gradually decreases with the increase
in the ratio of the depth of anchor plate to that of the end block

1. During stress distribution in end blocks the prestressing force is applied as ______________
a) Concentrated force
b) Deviated force
c) Tension force
d) Torsion force
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The prestressing force is applied as a concentrated force in a tendon along the
anchorages during stress distribution in end blocks, the compressive stresses of concrete ahead of
the anchorage devices, location and magnitude of the bursting force and the edge tension forces can
be estimated with approximate method of design of end blocks when the accurate analysis are not
available.
2. The stress distribution in concrete member which is away from the anchorage and in the region of
the anchorage will be ____________
a) Non uniform
b) Zero
c) Constant
d) Uniform
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The stress distribution in concrete member which is away from the anchorage and in
the region of the anchorage will be uniform reasonably and complex respectively this is stated by
st.venant’s principle, a product of the correction factor in each direction is used if a group of
anchorage are closely spaced in two directions in case of computation of compressive stresses.

3. The tensile stresses which tend to split the concrete are placed in the transverse direction to the
____________
a) Edge of member
b) Span of member
c) Axis of member
d) End of member
View Answer
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Answer: c
Explanation: The tensile stresses which tend to split the concrete are placed in the transverse
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direction to the axis of the member which is the more important effect for the design, the spalling
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and longitudinal edge tension forces are induced when the location of centroid of all the tendons is
considered to be outside the keen of the section.
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4. The bursting tensile forces in end bocks with proportion P i is given as ____________
a) Fbst = Pi(0.32-0.3(ypo/yo))
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b) Fbst = fi(0.32-0.3(ypo/yo))
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c) Fbst = Ti(0.32-0.3(ypo/yo))
d) Fbst = πi(0.32-0.3(ypo/yo))
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The bursting tensile force in end blocks with proportion pi is given as:
Fbst = Pi(0.32-0.3(ypo/yo)), ypo/yo < or equal 0.3, Fbsr/Pi = 0.23,
ypo/yo > or equal 0.3, Fbst/Pi = 0.11.

5. The longitudinal extent of the concrete member which is rectangular in cross section is
____________
a) Zero
b) Equal
c) Constant
d) Unity
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The longitudinal extent of the concrete member which is rectangular in cross section is
at least equal to the largest transverse dimension of the cross section; the axial flexural beam
analysis at one half the depth of section away from the loaded area enables to determine the
longitudinal edge tension force.

6. The member within or ahead of the anchorage zone will not have any ____________
a) Strain
b) Stress
c) Discontinous
d) Torsion
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The member within or ahead of the anchorage zone will not have any discontinuities
but they are subjected to stress during prestressing, the more detailed analysis is required such as
strut-and-ties models or another analytical procedures to find out the spalling forces for larger
spacing.

7. The main plate of the member in the anchorage zone has minimum edge distance of at least
____________
a) 2.0
b) 1.5

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c) 1.8
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d) 3.0
View Answer
D

Answer: b
Explanation: The main plate of the member in the anchorage zone has minimum edge of at least 1.5
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times the corresponding lateral dimension compressive stresses of the anchorage devices, the basic
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anchorage devices which satisfies below condition will have no additional check of compressive
stresses of concrete fb< 0.7ϕf”ci(A/Ag).
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8. The anchorage zone consists of how many devices?

a) 5
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b) 3
c) 2
d) 1
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The anchorage zone consists of only one anchorage device or group of anchorages
devices which are closely spaced, at the interface between the local zone and the general zone of
the special anchorage devices ahead, the concrete compressive stresses.

9. If the centre to centre spacing of the anchorage devices will not exceed 1.5 times width then they
are considered as ____________
a) Closely spaced
b) Gapely spaced
c) Farley spaced
d) Rectangular spaced
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: If the center spacing of the anchorage devices will not exceed 1.5 times the width of
these devices in the direction in which it is considered is treated as closely spaced devices and if the
centre to centre spacing for multiple anchorages is less than 0.4 times the depth of section, the
spalling forces will not be less than 2% of the total factored tendon force in any case.

10. If the anchor force points are towards the centroid, the center line of the member will not be
greater than ____________
a) 15o
b) 10o

c) 20o

d) 25o

View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: If the anchorage force points are towards and away from the centroid of the section,
the center line of the sectional member will not be greater than 20 o and 5o respectively will be the
angle of inclination of a tendon.

1. The length of beam within which the dispersion of prestressing force takes place is known as

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____________
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a) Zone of action
b) Zone of transmission
c) Zone of anchorage
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d) Zone of tendons
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View Answer
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Answer: b
Explanation: The length of beam within which the dispersion of the prestressing force takes place is
called as zone of transmission; Guyon has developed design tables for the computation of bursting
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tension in the end blocks which are based on his earlier mathematical investigations concerning the
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distribution of stress in end blocks subjected to concentrated loads.

2. The tensile forces developed in the transverse direction to the axis are known as ____________
a) Bursting forces
b) Concentrated forces
c) Reduced forces
d) Tensioned forces
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The tensile forces developed in the transverse direction to the axis of concentrated
force are called as bursting forces; the concept of symmetrical or equivalent prism for eccentric
cables and the method of partitioning for the analysis of stresses developed due to multiple cables
have been introduced by Guyon.

3. The adjacent surface to the anchor plate is also subjected to ____________

a) Compressive forces
b) Tensile forces
c) Transverse forces
d) Torsion
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The adjacent surface to the anchor plate is also subjected to tensile force at the end
section and these are called as spalling forces, the eccentric forces and multiple cables, the
symmetric prism method may be used, this consists of a prism of concrete of side equal to twice the
distance of the prestressing force from the nearest free edge.

4. During zone of transmission prestressing force is applied through the anchor plate at
____________
a) End
b) Edge
c) Centre
d) Span
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The prestressing force p is applied through the anchor plate which is placed at the
centre of the end beam during zone of transmission, When the forces are arranged such that the

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resultant of the stress distribution at a distance equal to the depth of the end block coincides with
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the line of action of the force then the forces are considered to be evenly distributed.

5. Which are formed due to the horizontal, vertical and shear stresses induced at zone of
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transmission?
a) Rectangles
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b) Parabola
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c) Curves
d) Trajectories
View Answer
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Answer: d
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Explanation: Due to the horizontal, vertical and shear stresses induced at zone of transmission,
trajectories of principle stresses are formed, the line of action of the resultant force is taken as the
axis of an equivalent prism of length and depth equal to twice the distance of axis from the free
edge or the adjoining equivalent prism.

6. The transmission length is influenced by ____________

a) Height
b) Depth
c) Curves
d) Span
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The transmission length is influenced by depth of the anchor plate and is taken equal to
the depth of beam in general, the transverse stress distribution is computed by using the coefficients
under the category of concentrated eccentric force and eccentric shear forces since the coefficients
are applicable for forces at interval of one eighth of the prism depth, the end forces have to be
replaced by a statically equivalent system of normal and shear forces acting at these regular
intervals.
7. The transmission length and bursting forces can be obtained depending on the ratio of
____________
a) Depth of anchorages
b) Depth of tendons
c) Depth of bond
d) Depth of curve
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Depending on the ratio of depth of anchor plate to the depth of beam, the transmission
length and bursting force can be obtained, the position of zero stresses, maximum transverse stress
and its magnitude for the forces which are evenly distributed are computed by using the coefficiants
under the category of distributed axial forces. According to guyon, the bursting tenson is expressed
as, Fbst = 0.3P(1-(ypo/yo)0.58, p = anchorage force, ypo/yo = distribution ratio.

8. In general the transmission length and depth of beam are taken as ____________
a) Unequal
b) Equal
c) Less than 1
d) More than 1
View Answer
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EN
Answer: b
Explanation: Generally, the transmission length is taken as equal to the depth of beam and bursting
D

forces are considered in case of transmission length, when it is not possible to arrange the end
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forces evenly, Guyon recommended that transverse tensile stresses be investigated along successive
resultants, such as resultant of all forces, resultant of smaller groups of forces, lines of action of
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individual forces.

9. The bursting force with depth of beam d’ and the depth of anchor plate d is given by?
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a) 0.3P(1-d’/d)
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b) 0.9P(1-d’/d)
c) 0.1P(1-d’/d)
d) 1.30P(1-d’/d)
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The bursting force with depth of beam d’ and the depth of anchor plate d is given by:
Pb = 0.3P (1-d’/d), the distribution of bursting stress for d’/d = 0.8 and d’/d = 0.5 are given as distance
along the transmission line.

10. The d’/d value for 0.42d is?

a) 0.6
b) 0.5
c) 0.8
d) 1.0
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The distribution of bursting stresses d’/d = 0.8 and for d’/d = 0.5 are shown below:
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D
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This set of Prestressed Concrete Structures Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Design of Pretensioned Beams”.

1. Design a pretensioned roof pull-in to suit the data F cu, concrete cube strength = 50n/mm 2, effective
span = 6m, applied load = 5kn/m, dead load = 1.4, live load = 1.6, β = 0.125, k = 7.5, Dc = 2400, and
determine ultimate moment and shear?
a) 42 and 27.75
b) 54 and 27.75
c) 34 and 27.75
d) 20 and 28
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Wmin/Wud = KDcgβ(L/h)L/fcu(d/h) = 7.5×2400 x 9.81 x 0.125×25 x 6/50x 10 x(0.85) = 0.094
2 6 2

Fcu, concrete cube strength = 50n/mm 2, effective span = 6m, applied load = 5kn/m, dead load = 1.4,

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live load = 1.6, β = 0.125, k = 7.5, D c = 2400, fcu = 50n/mm2, wmin = (0.094)(9.25) = 0.86kn/m, m u =
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(0.125×9.25×62) = 42knm, vu = (0.5×9.25×6) = 27.75kn.

2. Design cross sectional dimensions of pretensioned roof pull given that b is 0.5d?
D

a) 250
b) 260
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c) 270
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d) 280
View Answer
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Answer: c
Explanation: Mu = 0.10fcubd 2
and if b = 0.5d
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D = (42×106x2/0.10×50)1/3 = 270mm.

3. Find the approximate thickness of web if b is 0.5d, d is 270mm, d/h ratio is 0.85, h is 315mm,
adopt effective depth, d = 275mm overall depth , h is 320mm, width of flange of 160mm and
Average thickness of flange is 70mm since sloping flanges are used, increases the flange thickness by
20 percent?
a) 45mm
b) 43mm
c) 41mm
d) 42mm
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: b = 0.5d, d = 270mm, d/h = 0.85, h = 315mm, adopt effective depth, d = 275mm overall
depth , h is 320mm, width of flange of 160mm and Average thickness of flange is 70mm since sloping
flanges are used, increases the flange thickness by 20 percent:
Thickness of flange = (0.2×275) =55mm Approximate thickness of web = (0.85v u/fth) =
(0.85×27.75×103/1.7×320) = 43mm.
4. Find minimum range of stresses if f ct is 15n/mm2, fcw is 17, ftw is zero, fu is -1n/mm2, ɳ is 0.8?
a) 12 and 18n/mm2
b) 13 and 14n/mm2

c) 12 and 15n/mm2

d) 10 and 16n/mm2

View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Range of stress f br = (ɳfct-fcw) = (0.85×15-0) = 12n/mm2, ftr = (fcw – ɳfu) = (17-0.8x(-1)) =
17.8n/mm2, fct = 15n/mm2, fcw = 17, ftw = 0, fu = -1n/mm2, ɳ = 0.8.

5. Find minimum section modulus given data is mg is 3.86×10 6, mq is 22.50×106, fbr is given as 12 and
the loss ratio is 0.8?
a) 134×104
b) 182×104

c) 123×104

d) 120×104

View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: mg = 3.86×106, mq = 22.50×106, fbr = 12, loss ratio = 0.8
Zb > or equal (mq+(1-ɳ)mg/fbr) > or equal ((22.50×106)+(1-0.8)3.86×106)/12)

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Greater than equal to 182x104mm .3
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6. Find the supporting force if given characteristic strength is -1, moment of gravity is 3.86×10 6, zt =
230×104?
a) -2.68n/mm2
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b) -3.45n/mm2
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c) -1.23n/mm2

d) 13.56n/mm2
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View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: p = (A(finfZb+fsubZt)/Zt+Zb)
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Finf = ((ftw/ɳ+(mq+mg)/ɳzb)) = (0+ (26.36×106/0.8x230x104))

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Fsup = (fu – mg/zt) = (-1 – (3.86×10 )/(230×10 )) = -2.68n/mm2.

6 4

7. Check for ultimate flexural strength if given A ps is 154mm2, fpu is 1600n/mm2, b is 160mm, fcu is 50n/
mm2and diameter is 265mm?
a) 9.65
b) 0.116
c) 3.442
d) 2.345
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Aps = (38.5xy) = 154mm2, fpu = 1600n/mm2, b = 160mm, fcu 50n/mm2, d = 265mm
(Apsfpu/bdfcu) = (154×1600/160x265x50) = 0.116.

8. Find ultimate shear strength (check it for safe against shear failure) if v u is 27.75kn, Loss ratio is
0.8, prestressing force is 182000, area is 31400, breadth is 50 where height is 320, prestressing force
is 1.7, fcp = 4.65, ft is 1.7?
a) Safe
b) Unsafe
c) Zero
d) Collapse
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Fcp = (ɳp/A) = (0.8×182000/31400) = 4.65n/mm 2
V
cw = 0.67bh(f1 +0.8fcpft)
2 1/2
= (0.67x50x320(1.72+0.8×4.65×1.7)1/2/10 3) = 33.2kn
Vcw > Vu hence safe against shear failure.

9. Check for deflection due to prestressing force if given data is Prestressing force is 182×10 3
eccentricity of cable is 10 5, Length of the cable is 1000, elastic modulus of concrete is 34×10 3,
Moment of inertia is 3200×10 5?
a) 9.4
b) 4.5
c) 6.8
d) 9.8
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: P = 182×10 e = 10 , L = 1000, elastic modulus of concrete = 34×10 , I = 3200×105
3 5 3

PeL2
/8EcI = (182×103x105x62x10002/8x34x103x3200x105) = 6.8mm.

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10. Find the deflection due to self weight given that ϕ = 1.6, E e = 2.6Ece, elastic modulus of concrete is
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34×103, gravity is given as 6, self weight is 0.76, Length of the cable is 1000, elastic modulus of
concrete is 34×103 , Moment of inertia is 3200×10 5?
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a) 1.66mm
b) 5.3mm
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c) 23.4mm
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d) 1.02mm
View Answer
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Answer: d
Explanation: Ece = Ec/1+ϕ, ϕ = 1.6, Ee = 2.6Ece
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Deflection due to self weight g = (5gL /384EcI) = (5×0.76×6 x1000 /384x34x10 x3700x10 ) = 1.02mm
4 4 4 3 5

1. Calculate ultimate moment and shear of effective span is 30m, live load is 9kn/m, dead load
excluding self weight is 2kn/m, load factors for dead load is 1.4 for live load is 1.6 cube strength of
concrete fcu is 50n/mm2 cube strength at transfer is fci is 35n/mm2, tensile strength of concrete Ec is
34kn/mm2 loss ratio ɳ is 0.85 and 8mm diameter high tensile strength f pu is 1500n/mm2 are available
for use and the modulus of elasticity of high tensile wires is 200kn/mm 2?
a) 340 and 450kn
b) 240 and 340kn
c) 140 and 240kn
d) 100 and 200kn
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Wmin/Wud = (50x2400x9.81×0.125x25x30/50×10 6x0.852) = 0.31
Ultimate load excluding the factored selfweight = (1.4×2)+(1.6×9) = 17.2kn/m, W ud = 17.2/1-1.4×0.31
= 30KN/M, Wmin = (0.31×30) = 9.3kn/m, Ultimate moment, M u = (0.125x30x302) = 3400knm, Ultimate
shear, Vu = (0.5x30x30) = 450kn.

2. Find cross-sectional dimensions thickness of web if h f/d ratio is 0.23 and bw/b ratio is 0.25 and b is
0.5d?
a) 100mm
b) 110mm
c) 120mm
d) 30mm
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: hf/d =0.23 and bw/b = 0.25 and b = 0.5d,
Mu = 0.10fcubd2 d = (3400×106/0.10x50x0.5)1/3 = 1130mm, h = (1130/0.85) = 1300, b = 600mm, h f =
(0.2×1130) = 250mm, adopt an effective depth, d = 1150mm, thickness of web, b w = (0.6vu/fth) =
(0.6x450x103/1.7×1300) = 120mm.

3. Calculate working moment if design working load is 19.8kn/m covered over a span of 30m (actual
self weight of girder is 8.8kn/m)?
a) 3000

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b) 2000
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c) 4340
d) 2230
View Answer
D

Answer: d
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Explanation: Actual self weight of the beam and the girder = 8.8kn/m, span = 30m
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Minimum moment Mmin = 990knm, Design working load = 19.8kn/m,

Working moment Md = (0.125×19.8×302) = 2230knm.
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4. Find the Permissible stresses and range of stresses for class 1 structure f cu = 50n/mm2, fck =
35n/mm2 according to BS: 8110 recommendations for f cu = 50n/mm2 and fci = 35n/mm2,fct = 0.5fci =
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17.5n/mm2?
a) 16.5n/mm2
b) 12.56n/mm2

c) 13.56n/mm2

d) 12.00n/mm2

View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: fcu = 50n/mm2,fck = 35n/mm2 according to BS: 8110 recommendations for f cu = 50n/mm2
and fci = 35n/mm2, fct = 0.5fci = 17.5n/mm2For class 1 structure f u = htw = 0, fbr = (ɳfct-ftw) = (0.85×17.5) =
15n/mm2, fcw = 0.33fcu = (0.33×50) = 16.5n/mm2, fcu = (fcw-ɳfu) = 16.5n/mm2.

5. Find prestressing force if area is 36.75mm 2 of eccentricity 580 given finf is 26.5kn/m and zb is
99×106?
a) 405
b) 308
c) 453
d) 206
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Area = 36.75mm 2, e = 580, finf = 26.5kn/m, zb = 99×106
infZb/Zb+Ae) =(367500×26.5x99x10 /(99×10 )+(367500×580)) = 308x104kn/m .
p = (Af 6 6 2

6. Find force in cable using Freyssinet cables 12-8mm diameter and stressed to 1100n/mm 2 of
eccentricity 50 and the prestressing force is given as 1000n/mm 2?
a) 660kn
b) 234kn
c) 300kn
d) 230kn
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: 12 diameter, stress = 1100n/mm , e = 50, prestressing force = 1000n/mm 2
2

Force in each cable = ((12x50x1100)/1000)) = 660kn.

7. Find ratio for ultimate flexural strength at the centre – span section given that A ps = 3000mm2, d =
1150mm, fcu = 50n/mm2, bw = 150mm, fpu = 1500n/mm2, b = 600mm, ht = 250mm, design ultimate
moment mud = 3400knm?
a) 9.5

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b) 0.23
c) 6.7
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d) 3.4
View Answer
D

Answer: b
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Explanation: Aps = 3000mm , d = 1150mm, fcu = 50n/mm , bw = 150mm, fpu = 1500n/mm , b = 600mm, ht
2 2 2

= 250mm, design ultimate moment m ud = 3400knm, according to BS: 8110-1985, Aps = (Apw+Apf) = Apf =
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0.45×50(600-150)(250/1500) = 0.45xf cu(b-bw)(hf/fpu) = 1680mm2, Apw = (1300-1680) = 1320mm2,

ratio(fpuApw/fcubwd) = (1500×1320/50x150x1150) = 0.23.
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8. Calculate the slope of cable section at support uncracked in flexure given that eccentricity is 410,
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length is 30m and stress induced is 1000?

a) 0.0547
b) 2.456
c) 0.0234
d) 0.0123
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: e = 410, length = 30m, stress induced = 1000
Slope of cable θ = (4e/l) = ((4×410)/(30×1000)) = 0.0547.

9. Calculate the span section cracked in flexure (M=M0) F cp = 23.4n/mm2, zb is 99×106 and stress
induced is 1000?
a) 1200kn
b) 1850kn
c) 2300kn
d) 4300kn
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Fcp = 23.4n/mm2, zb is 99×10 , 6
stress is 1000
m0 = (0.8fcpZb) = (0.8 x 23.4 x (99×106/1000)) = 1850knm.

10. Find resultant maximum long term deflection if ϕ is 2.6, α y is 38.5mm, αg is 46mm, αp is 74.7mm?
a) 95mm
b) 35mm
c) 55mm
d) 20mm
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Ece = (Ec/1+ϕ) = (Ec/2.6), ϕ = 2.6, αy = 38.5mm, αg = 46mm, αp = 74.7mm, resultant
maximum long term deflection = (2.6×46)+38.5-(0.85×74.7) = 95mm which is less than the code limit
(span/250) = 120mm, ɳ = 0.85.

1. A reinforced concrete pressure pipe requires a large amount of __________

a) Span
b) Reinforcement
c)
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d) Deflection
View Answer
D

Answer: b
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Explanation: Liquid retaining structures, such as circular pipes, tanks and pressure vessels are
admirably suited for circular prestressing and the circumferential hoop tension developed due to the
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internal fluid pressure and a reinforced concrete pressure pipes requires a large amount of
reinforcement to ensure low tensile stresses resulting in a crack free structure, however, circular
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prestressing eliminates cracks and provides for an economical use of materials and in addition,
prestressing safeguards against shrinkage cracks in liquid retaining structures.
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2. In circular prestressing, the member may be prestressed by overlapping __________

a) Anchorages
b) Ridges
c) Tendons
d) Bars
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: In circular prestressing, the member may be prestressed by overlapping tendons within
the ducts so as to minimize frictional losses an alternative method is to wrap the high tensile wires
under tension around precast cylindrical members and this method was developed much earlier
than linear prestressing and has been in use for a considerable period of time for the production of
pressure pipes.

3. In circular prestressing the tension in the wire is produced by pulling it through __________
a) Tendons
b) Anchorages
c) Bars
d) Die
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The tension in the wire is produced by pulling it through a die which reduces its section,
consequently developing the required amount of tensile stress in the steel and the wrapped wires
are generally protected against corrosion by a coating of cement mortar recent developments
reported by dandies include the use of picovex mortar which consists of a proprietary epoxy resin
formulation containing coal tar used as the binder of a sand filled mortar.

4. A preformed spiral of high strength steel is placed in the form, the concrete made by using
__________
a) Expanding cements
b) High strength cements
c) Colored cement
d) Aggregates
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Expanding cement is places and consolidated and the completed until is cured carefully

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controlled conditions to achieve the correct degree of expansion after the set and it is important to
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note that calcium chloride must never be used as an accelerating admixture in prestressed concrete
since a number of failures of prestresssed concrete pipes and tanks have been recorded due to
phenomenon of chloride corrosion.
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5. The pretressed concrete pipes are ideally suited for a pressure range of __________
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a) 0.6 to 4n/mm2
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b) 0.5 to 4n/mm2

c) 0.8 to 4n/mm2

d) 0.10 to 4n/mm2

View Answer
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Answer: b
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Explanation: The pretressed concrete pipes are ideally suited for a pressure range of 0.5 to 4n/mm 2
for this pressure range, while cast iron and steel pipes are not economical, reinforced concrete pipes
are not practicable due to their limited cracking strength and the technique of prestressing pipes
was first introduced in 1930 and ever since, numerous pipelines have been installed throughout the
world.

6. The classification of prestressed concrete pipes may be done depending upon the method of
__________
a) Curing
b) Placement
c) Manufacture
d) Tension
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: According to Ooykaas prestressed concrete pipes may be classified depending upon the
method of manufacture under the following groups:
Monolyte construction based on the principle that a mix of fresh concrete subjected to triaxial
pressure behaves in some respects like a solid body, two stage construction the method of
manufacturing a non cylinder pipe (without steel cylinder) was developed by Lewiston pipe
corporation around 1930.

7. In monolyte construction the manufacturing process consists of pouring concrete under high
frequency of __________
a) Vibration
b) Pressure
c) Tension
d) Bending
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The manufacturing process consists of pouring concrete under high frequency vibration
in a vertically placed steel mould consisting of an inner and outer shell and the outer shell consisting
of longitudinal sections held together by spring assembles, permits the mould to expand while the
inner steel mould is covered with an expansible rubber membrane.

8. In stage construction, the main function of the longitudinal prestress is to prevent __________
a) Blocking
b) Cracking

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c) Linking
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d) Wedging
View Answer
D

Answer: b
Explanation: The main function of the longitudinal prestress is to prevent cracking in concrete during
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circumferential winding and cracking due to the bending stresses develop during the handling and
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installation of pipes and the prestressed pipes, which were produced by the vacuum concrete
(overseas) co.Inc in collaboration with an Indian firm are to be used for the veernam scheme to
convey water to madras.
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9. The diagram of prestressed concrete pipes of circumferential prestressing may be with or without
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__________
a) Transversal prestress
b) Longitudinal prestress
c) Elliptical prestress
d) Rounded prestress
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Circumferential prestressing winding with or without longitudinal prestressing, landing
stresses with or without longitudinal prestressing condition in which a pipe is supported by saddles
at extreme points with full water load but zero hydrostatic pressure.

10. In design of concrete pipes the full working pressure conforming to the limit state of __________
a) Design
b) Collapse
c) Serviceability
d) Tension
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: According to the Indian standard code IS:784, the design of prestressed concrete pipes
should cover the following five stages:
Dull working pressure conforming to the limit state of serviceability and the first crack stage
corresponding to the limit state of local damage, in addition, it is also necessary to examine the
stage of bursting or failure of pipes correspond to the limit state of collapse, mainly to ensure a
desirable load factor against collapse.

11. The percentage of reinforcement for prestressed concrete pipes varies between __________
a) 0.5 and 1
b) 0.10 and 2
c) 0.8 and 4
d) 0.7 and 3
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: For prestressed concrete pipes, the percentage of reinforcement varies between 0.5
and 1 percent and the modular ratio between 5 and 6 hence the loss to elastic deformation is about
3 to 6 percent of initial stress and in addition to the elastic deformation loss, various other losses of
stress due to steel relaxation, creep and shrinkage of concrete should also be considered to arrive at
an overall estimate of the losses of prestress.
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EN
12. An ingenious method of casting spherical shells at the centre with conical shape was adopted by
__________
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a) Finsterwalder
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b) Darles
c) Hinge
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d) Larcan
View Answer
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13. The square or rectangular tanks are required for __________

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a) Structural use
b) Industrial use
c) Aggregate use
d) Commercial use
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Cylindrical tanks are by far the most commonly used types from structural and
constructional consideration and the some of the largest prestressed concrete tanks constructed are
circular in shape and a cylindrical shape is well suited for circumferential wire wrapping, which
constitutes the major prestressing operation in tanks and square or rectangular tanks spanning
either vertically or horizontally, are required for industrial use and square tanks are advantageous
for storage in congested urban and industrial sites where land space is a major constraint.

14. The base slab forming the floor or tank is generally made of __________
a) Prestressed concrete
b) Reinforced concrete
c) Aluminium concrete
d) Coloured concrete
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The base slab forming the floor or tank is generally made of reinforced concrete
constructed on a flat bituminous surfacing or a tin concrete binding with the inter position of a
sliding layer such as oil paper so that the slab can move over the compacted soil bed and the slab
should be sufficiently flexible so that it can adapt itself to the local deformations of the pre
compacted sub soil and the reinforcement in the slab should be well distributed to control the
cracking of the slab due to shrinkage and temperature changes.

15. The joint between the walls of the tank and floor slab may be any of the following of?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The joint between the walls of the tank and floor slab may be any one of the following

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three types: fixed base, hinged base, sliding base and the ring tension and bending moment
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developed in the walls of the tank are mainly influenced by the type of connection between walls
and the base slab and in hinged base is not generally adopted for prestressed concrete and in this
type, the wall is supported over an annular bearing resting on the footing from which the base slab is
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isolated by a joint from which the base slab is isolated by a joint contains a compressible filling and
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in the case of large tanks and especially for those which have to store hot liquids a movable or sliding
joint is the ideal solution to minimize or completely eliminate the moments at the base of wall.
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