Typical Arc Flash Boundries:-

Standards :-

1. NFPA 70 E [National Fire Protection Assosiation]

2. IEEE 1584

Software Used :-

 ETAP ( Electrical Transient Analyzer Program )

 PSCAD (Power System Computer Aided Design)

Observations:-

 Transformer
 Diesel Generator / Steam Turbine Generator
 Fuse
 Circuit Breaker / Relay (Intillegent Circuit)/ SwitchGear
 Cable
 MCC Panel [Motor Controller Center Panel ]
 PCC Panel [Power Control Centre Panel],Current Flows From (PCC to
MCC)
 Load

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To Note in Fuse Observation :

Operating Current Value

Fault Current Value

Fuse Rating

Company(Brand)

Model Number

Note: [Data of Fuse Carrier]

Some Circuit Breakers are (Observation as Fuse)

 MCB
 MCCB
 RCCB
 VCB
 ACB
 SF6

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Basic Diagrams:-

MCC Panel / PCC Panel

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Fuse Circuit Breaker [MCCB]

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Transforemer and Diesel Generator

Switchgear
In an electric power system, switchgear is composed of electrical disconnect
switches, fuses or circuit breakers used to control, protect and isolate electrical equipment.
Switchgear is used both to de-energize equipment to allow work to be done and to
clear faults downstream. This type of equipment is directly linked to the reliability of
the electricity supply.

High Voltage Switchgear

A Section Of Large Switchgear Panel

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General Points to Remember:-
 When Voltage Drops , Current Increases
 Apart from 3core in a Cable (RYB), some Cable Consists of 4 Core and 5
Core (Neutral and Grounded)
 Run:- Run of Cables are Core Comibination For a electrical Trasformer or
Circuit
 Current Trip Always Works in Upword Direction (Up Stream)
Delta-Wye resistor networks
The Delta-Wye transformation is an extra technique for transforming certain
resistor combinations that cannot be handled by the series and parallel equations.
This is also referred to as a Pi - T transformation (Y-Δ)

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General Defination :-
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an
electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload

Commonly Used Circuit Breakers :-

 MCB
 MCCB
 RCCB
 VCB
 ACB
 SF6
15/6/2021

Types Of Circuit Breakers :-

There are three Major Types Of Circuit Breakers (Broadly)

1. Standard Circuit Breakers

2. Ground Fault Circuit Interepters [Breakers]
(Consists of “Test Button” along With ON/OFF) [ It Protects From Shocks ]
3. Arc Fault Circuit Interepters [Breakers] ( They Protect against Fire)
  The circuit breaker can be of one of the following types;
 Minimum oil circuit breaker,
 Air circuit breaker,
 SF6
 Vacuum type

Minature Circuit Breakers (MCB)

“Single Pole, Double Pole, Triple Pole, Quad Breakers etc”

Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB)

Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB)

“Residual Circuit Breaker is typically comes under

Ground Fault Circuit Interepter (GFCI)”

Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB)

SF6 (Sulphur Hexa Floride) CB

Air Circuit Breaker (ACB)

Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker :- (MOCB) / Bulk (BOCB)

Overall Circuit Beaker Types:-

Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) :-

An Earth-leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) is a safety device used in electrical

installations with high Earth impedance to prevent shock. It detects small stray voltages
on the metal enclosures of electrical equipment, and interrupts the circuit if a dangerous
voltage is detected.

“ ELCB Comes Under Standard Circuit Breaker Catogery ”

Motor Protection Circuit Breaker (MPCB) :-

A motor protection circuit breaker, or MPCB, is an electromechanical device that

performs three important functions upstream of an electric motor: isolation, motor
protection against overload and short circuit, control of the motor (on/off)

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There are Three Level of PPE Catogories

 Level A
 Level B
 Level C