NAIL DISORDERS

Dacian Blair
Ms. Bradford
NAIL PSORIASIS

Nail psoriasis often accompanies other forms of the disease

because the nails are part of the skin. They grow from the
nail root, which is under the cuticle, and psoriasis can form
in the nail root.
Signs of psoriatic nails include:

pitting, which involves dents or holes forming in the nail

white spots on the nail

grooves across the nail

a change in the nail’s shape or size

thickening of the nail

separation of the nail from the nail bed

crumbling nails

discoloration, in which the nail may become yellow or brown, for example

blood under the nail

Picture showing nail psoriasis
FURROWS

Ridges from the matrix to free edge often caused through arthritis,
incorrect removal of nail extensions, or damage to matrix. Light buffing
can help improve this condition. A dark polish or opal polish will
highlight the ridges, so it is recommended to apply a clear or light
polish.
BLUE NAILS

Nails can take on a blue appearance for lots of reasons.

Technically your nail isn't blue—just the nail bed beneath. Your
nail bed is free of skin pigment, leaving it vulnerable to blue
coloring in several ways.
SPILT OR CRACKED NAIL

Nail brittleness is a common condition of the elderly. Typically, the

cause remains undiscovered, partly because there are so many
potential causes. Nail brittleness can result from drugs, a trauma to
the nail, or a number of diseases or nutrient deficiencies. When brittle
nails split, the name your dermatologist uses may depend on how they
split. When nails begin to split horizontally, the condition is called
onychoschizia. But when they split along the direction the nail grows,
this is called onychorrhexis.
WHITE SPOTS ON NAIL

White spots on nails are common and usually harmless. They usually
appear on the nails of your fingers. Toenails are less commonly
affected, but they can appear there as well. The majority of these
cases involve a slight trauma to the nail plate itself (what we
commonly refer to simple as "the nail.") If you've rapped your nails
against a hard object, or if they've bent but not broken, a white line or
spot may develop. In these cases, the treatment is simple: wait for the
spot to grow out of your nail, then clip it off.
CLUBBED NAILS
Clubbed nails occur when the ends of your fingers or toes grow bulb-like.
It's sometimes known as drumstick fingers. While nail clubbing is most
often unrelated to any other condition, there are some potentially fatal
diseases that this may alert you to.

Some people with clubbing of the nails have an underlying disease of the
heart or lungs. This includes heart disease and lung cancer, as well as
more minor conditions. Liver cirrhosis can also cause clubbed nails. Since
toe nails and fingernails like this could be harmless or very serious, a
doctor's expert diagnosis is important.
PLUFFY NAIL FOLD INFECTION
The skin around the edge of your nail, known as the nail fold, can be
damaged by many things. When it gets puffy and swollen, doctors call
it paronychia, which can be either chronic or acute. Acute paronychia
usually develops from an infection. But if your nail bed is chronically
puffy, you probably have a chemical irritation.
DYSTROPHIC NAILS

Can be caused by repeated manipulation of the nail plate (e.g.,

manicures/pedicures, biting, rubbing). Repeated longitudinal scraping
or manipulation can lead to changes of the cuticle and the nail plate,
such as the cuticle becoming pushed back, splitting or indentation in
the midline of the nail (median nail dystrophy), or inflammation or
thickening of the proximal nail fold.
SUBUNGUAL HEMATOMA

are painful, dark red to black discolorations caused by bleeding in the

underlying vascular nail bed as a result of trauma. If no nail bed laceration
is suspected, treatment consists of drilling a hole through the nail into the
hematoma to relieve the pressure. This procedure involves puncturing the
nail with a hot metal wire or a carbon-dioxide laser. It is important to avoid
the lunula and its associated nail matrix during this procedure.
SPLINTER HEMORRHAGE

Splinter hemorrhages are red-brown, longitudinal lines occurring in the

nail bed (not the nail plate) that develop secondary to leaky capillaries.
When pressure is applied to the nail, they do not disappear because the
lines are caused by blood that has leaked out of the vasculature.Splinter
hemorrhages historically have been associated with endocarditis, typically
appearing in the midportion of the nail.
Disorders that can be treated in the salon