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Eng124AA: Language and Society: Natural Language Understanding:Theproblem of Meaning Making
Eng124AA: Language and Society: Natural Language Understanding:Theproblem of Meaning Making
Eng124AA: Language and Society: Natural Language Understanding:Theproblem of Meaning Making
Language and
Society
N AT U R A L L A N G UA G E
U N D E RS TA N D I N G : T H E P RO B L E M O F
M EA N I N G M A K I N G
ENG124AA: LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY
Language as a cognitive Language as a cultural
Two potential artifact
dominant • A biological faculty • Language has a
humans come critical place in socio‐
perspectives endowed with as they cultural interactions;
are biologically it finds a place among
on language programmed to leading social
learn/use language – practices across
The private and languaging potential communities.
public faces of • Language is an organ • Language is a social
language of the mind/brain. practice like learning,
• We are homo teaching, politics, art,
loquens. music, science,
governance, business,
literature.
• It is a cultural tool:
instrumentum
linguae.
ENG124AA: LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY
Problem of Meaning
How does language mean whatever it means?
Problem of meaning is central to linguistic
enquiry.
The problem cuts across both the perspectives.
ENG124AA: LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY
Colourless green ideas sleep furiously.
What does this expression mean?
ENG124AA: LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY
Thus Adam's Eden‐plot in far‐off time:
Colour‐rampant flowers, trees a myriad green;
The path to primate knowledge unforseen,
He sleeps in peace at eve with Eve.
One apple later, he looks curiously
At the gardens of dichromates, in whom
colourless green ideas sleep furiously
then rage for birth each morning, until doom
Brings rainbows they at last perceive.
A.H. Byatt
A prize‐winning entry at Stanford (1985)
ENG124AA: LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY
How do we
understand
everyday • How does • How do we,
texts? language mean the users of
whatever it language,
The question has means? construe the
two aspects: meaning of
• a language-
centred what we
question speak/hear?
• a user-
centred
question
ENG124AA: LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY
An
unresolved How language means what it means?
problem in
Cognitive
Science Most theories of language deal with
literal meaning or logical meaning.
How did he miss
the boat?
How meanings change with context is
not fully understood.
What the user takes to the meaning‐
making process is a question at the
frontiers of cognitive science.
ENG124AA: LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY
A: Waiter, what is this fly doing in my soup?
B: I think that’s the breaststroke, sir!
The joke turns on the ambiguity between the regular
/
interrogative structure (the speaker interrogating someone’s
the intention or purpose) and non‐interrogative one (the
speaker asserting the incongruity of a situation).
How do we understand everyday texts?
ENG124AA: LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY