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SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE-IX

ADITI SRIVASTAVA-GCAD/17/205

GATEWAY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN, SONIPAT

ASSIGNMENT-05
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1. Discuss climatic conditions of your hometown and enumerate the measures to mitigate heat
island effect.

Ans1. In Lucknow, the wet season is oppressive and partly cloudy, the dry season is mostly clear,

and it is hot year-round. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 47

degree to 103-degree F and is rarely below 42-degree F or above 110-degree F.

➢ Average Temperature in Lucknow:

1. The hot season lasts for 2.7 months from April 7- June27, with an average daily high

temperature above 97-degree F. The hottest day of the year is May24, with an average high

of 103-degree F and low of 79-degree F.

2. The cool season lasts for 2.1 months, from December 8-February 10, with an average daily

high temperature below 76-degree F. The coldest day of the year is January 9, with an

average low of 47-degree F and high of 70-degree F.

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➢ Average hourly temperature in Lucknow

➢ Clouds
- In Lucknow, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences extreme
seasonal variation over the course of the year.
- The clearer part of the year in Lucknow begins around September 15 and lasts for 9.4
months, ending around June 26. On May 21, the clearest day of the year, the sky is
clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 94% of the time, and overcast or mostly cloudy 6%
of the time.
- The cloudier part of the year begins around June 26 and lasts for 2.6 months, ending
around September 15.
- On August 3, the cloudiest day of the year, the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 77% of
the time, and clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 23% of the time.
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➢ Precipitation
- A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid-equivalent precipitation. The
chances of wet days in Lucknow varies very significantly throughout the year.
- The wetter season lasts 3.2 months, from June16- September 22, with a greater than
32^ chance of a given day being a wet day. The chance of wet day peaks at 63$ on July
20.
- The drier season lasts 8.8 months, from September 22- June 16. The smallest chance
of a wet day is 2% on December 2.
- Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone,
or a mixture of the two. Based on this categorization, the most common form of
precipitation throughout the year is rain alone, with a peak probability of 63% on July
20.
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➢ Rainfall
- To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the
rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-days period centered around each day of the year.
Lucknow experiences extreme seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.
- The rainy period of the year lasts for 9.7 months, from January 10- November 1, with
a sliding 31-day rainfall of at least 0.5 inches. The most rain falls during 31-days
centered around July 21, with an average total accumulation of 9.0 inches.
- The rainless period of the year lasts for 2.3 months, from November1- Jan 10. The least
rain falls around November 22, with an average total accumulation of 0.2 inches.
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➢ Sun
- The length of the day in Lucknow varies over the course of the year. In 2021, the
shortest day is December 21, with 10 hours, 27 minutes of daylight, the longest day is
June 21, with 13 hours, 50 minutes of daylight.
- The earliest sunrise is 5:11 AM on June9, and the latest sunrise is 1hour, 45 minutes
later at 6:55 AM on January 12. The earliest sunset is at 5:12 PM on November 30, and
the latest sunset is 1 hour, 52 minutes later 7:04 PM on July 1.

➢ Humidity
- Lucknow experiences extreme seasonal variation in the perceived humidity. The
muggier period of the year lasts for 5.6 months, from May 10 – Oct 30, during which
time the comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable at least 25% of the time. The
muggiest day of the year is August 17, with muggy conditions 100% of the time.
- The least muggy day of the year is January 11, when muggy conditions are essentially
unheard of.
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➢ Wind
- The average hourly wind speed in Lucknow experiences significant seasonal variation
over the course of the year.
- The windier part of the year lasts for 7.8 months, from January 21- September 15, with
average wind speeds of more than 6.2 miles per hour. The windiest day of the year in
June 2, with an average hourly wind speed of 8.1 per hour.

- The pre-dominant average hourly wind direction in Lucknow varies throughout the
year.
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- The wind is most often from the east for 3.8 months, from June 5- September 28, with
a peak %age of 56% on August 5. The wind is most often from the west for 8.2 months,
from September 28-June5, with a peak %age of 54% on January 1.

➢ Temperatures in Lucknow are sufficiently warm year round that it is not entirely
meaningful to discuss the growing season in these terms.
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➢ Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and
animal development, and are defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature,
discarding any excess above a maximum temperature.
➢ Solution for reducing heat island effect are as follows
- Reducing the use of material with high thermal mass for example, Concrete has the
capacity to store more heat and is known as ‘high thermal mass’.
- The use of other highly reflective materials like glass or metals should be reduced to
assist the reduction of heat island and save the environment
- Reducing dark colored areas, to cool down urban heat island street can be lightened
i.e., covering black asphalt streets, parking lots and dark roofs with a more reflective
grey coating.
- Use of energy efficient appliances and equipment to reduce heat island effect.
- Green rooftop or vertical garden can be provided as vegetative layer will help reduce
the impact.
- Reducing surface absorption by materials.
- Use of vernacular methods of building construction
-
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2. Discuss in detail any 2 strategies for storm water management.

Ans 2. Stormwater management means to manage surface runoff. It can be applied in rural areas

(e.g. to harvest precipitation water), but is essential in urban areas where run-off cannot infiltrate

because the surfaces are impermeable. Traditional stormwater management was mainly to drain

high peak flows away.

• Stormwater management is essential to prevent erosion of agricultural land and flooding

of inhabited urban or rural areas. Both cases can cause severe damages and contamination

of the environment if sanitation facilities are flooded. This results in high costs and notably

massive suffering for the local communities.

• Methods used for storm water management are as follows:

1. Green Roofs: Green roofs are also known as “living roofs” or “rooftop gardens” consist

of a thin layer of vegetation and growing medium installed on the top of a conventional flat

or sloped roof.

- Green roofs are touted for their benefits to cities, as they improve energy

efficiency, reduce urban heat island effects, and create green space for passive

recreation or aesthetic enjoyment.

- Green roofs or vertical garden can also be irrigated with treated greywater for

instance. To a water resources manager, they are attractive for their water

quality, water balance, and peak flow control benefits. From a hydrologic

perspective, the green roof acts like a lawn or meadow by storing rainwater in

the growing medium and ponding areas.

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2. Detention Ponds: Detention ponds are excavated reservoir or constructed in natural

depressions, which are dry during low flow periods. They provide temporary storage of

stormwater runoff attenuation for both stormwater quality and quantity management. To

ensure the pollution removal role, ponds must be designed to allow stormwater to sit long

enough to settle out the solids

.
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➢ References:

https://weatherspark.com/y/110229/Average-Weather-in-Lucknow-India-Year-Round

https://www.ijert.org/architectural-solutions-to-urban-heat-island-effect

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