Hypothesis: Women wants to be more succesful than men.

(There is a gender differences on need for success.)

Indep (predictor variable): Sex (categorical/nominal) (Two

level: men vs women)
Dep: Success (scale/continious)
Between research design
H0 : There is no gender differences on success. (XMEN = Xwomen)
Independent t test

Group Statistics
Sex N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Başarı isteği Female 173 3,86 2,701 ,205
Male 155 5,08 3,223 ,259

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for Equality of Variances

F Sig. t df Sig.
Başarı isteği Equal variances assumed 15,956 ,000 -3,736 326
Equal variances not assumed -3,700 301,775

t(301,77) = -3.70, p<.05

We reject null hypothesis. Accept alternate hypothesis. (there
is a statistically significant differences).
As we expected there is a significant group differences.
However, opposite hypothesis expectation, man (M= 5.08, SD
=3.22) are statistically significantly wants success more than
women (M= 3.86, SD =2.70).

RQ: Is there any department differences on need for success?

Indep/predictor variable: Department (categorical/nominal)
(three groups: social, engineering, art)
Dependent/outcome: need for success (scale/continuous)
Between subject design
H0 : There is no department differences on need for success.

Social-Engineer – t one
Social-Art – t two
Engineer-Art – t three

Instead of the t test we use one way ANOVA.

Descriptive Statistics
Dependent Variable: Başarı isteği
Department Mean Std. Deviation N
Arts & Humanities 3,77 3,161 111
Social Sciences 4,26 2,940 112
Engineering 5,33 2,741 105
Total 4,44 3,017 328

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Dependent Variable: Başarı isteği
 Type III Sum of
Source Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model 136,587 a
2 68,293 7,815 ,000
Intercept 6506,505 1 6506,505 744,532 ,000
dep 136,587 2 68,293 7,815 ,000
Error 2840,194 325 8,739
Total 9440,000 328
Corrected Total 2976,780 327
a. R Squared = ,046 (Adjusted R Squared = ,040)

F(2,325) = 7.81, p<.05

We accept the alternate hypothesis. (reject null).
There is a statistically significant group differences.

Başarı isteği
Tukey HSD a,b,c

Subset
Department N 1 2
Arts & Humanities 111 3,77
Social Sciences 112 4,26
Engineering 105 5,33
Sig. ,448 1,000

To find the where is the significant differences, we conduct tukey post hoc test. The result
show that art (M = 3.77, SD = 3.16) and social science (M = 4.26, SD =
2.94) students are not statistically significant (there is no statistically significant differences
for need for success by art and social science). However, engineering students (M =
5.33, SD = 2.74) statistically significantly different (more) than both art and social
science students.
The engineering students need for success is highest compare to art and social science
students who are not significant.
WHEN WE USE ANOVA
1) when we have one categorical independent variable with more than two groups. (one way
ANOVA). (independent or repeated one way ANOVA)
2) If we have more than one categorical independent variable (two three four etc. Way
ANOVA- factorial ANOVA).
(in all cases we have one dependent variable and continoues).

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Dependent Variable: Güç isteği
Type III Sum of
Source Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model 26,714 a
2 13,357 2,106 ,123
Intercept 6573,976 1 6573,976 1036,633 ,000
dep 26,714 2 13,357 2,106 ,123
Error 2061,039 325 6,342
Total 8649,000 328
Corrected Total 2087,753 327
a. R Squared = ,013 (Adjusted R Squared = ,007)

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Dependent Variable: Otonomi isteği
Type III Sum of
Source Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model 131,161a 2 65,580 10,750 ,000
Intercept 5681,242 1 5681,242 931,306 ,000
dep 131,161 2 65,580 10,750 ,000
Error 1982,595 325 6,100
Total 7786,000 328
Corrected Total 2113,756 327
a. R Squared = ,062 (Adjusted R Squared = ,056)

Otonomi isteği
Tukey HSD a,b,c

Subset
Department N 1 2
Arts & Humanities 111 3,28
Engineering 105 4,52
Social Sciences 112 4,69
Sig. 1,000 ,876
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 6,100.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 109,244.
b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the
group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.
c. Alpha = ,05.

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Dependent Variable: Neuroticism
Type III Sum of
Source Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model 100,565 a
2 50,282 12,855 ,000
Intercept 12954,874 1 12954,874 3312,010 ,000
dep 100,565 2 50,282 12,855 ,000
Error 1271,232 325 3,911
Total 14298,090 328
Corrected Total 1371,797 327
a. R Squared = ,073 (Adjusted R Squared = ,068)

Neuroticism
Tukey HSD a,b,c

Subset
Department N 1 2
Arts & Humanities 111 5,5293
Social Sciences 112 6,4918
Engineering 105 6,8405
Sig. 1,000 ,395
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 3,911.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 109,244.
b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the
group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.
c. Alpha = ,05.

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Dependent Variable: Openness to experience
Type III Sum of
Source Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model 23,918 a
2 11,959 14,660 ,000
Intercept 7608,201 1 7608,201 9326,860 ,000
dep 23,918 2 11,959 14,660 ,000
Error 265,112 325 ,816
Total 7916,875 328
Corrected Total 289,030 327
a. R Squared = ,083 (Adjusted R Squared = ,077)

Openness to experience
Tukey HSD a,b,c

Subset
Department N 1 2
Engineering 105 4,5655
Social Sciences 112 4,6964
Arts & Humanities 111 5,1926
Sig. ,532 1,000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = ,816.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 109,244.
b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the
group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.
c. Alpha = ,05.
 Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: Level of anxiety
Type III Sum of
Source Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model 4632,876 a
2 2316,438 481,844 ,000
Intercept 26546,048 1 26546,048 5521,866 ,000
dep 4632,876 2 2316,438 481,844 ,000
Error 1562,419 325 4,807
Total 32312,820 328
Corrected Total 6195,294 327
a. R Squared = ,748 (Adjusted R Squared = ,746)

To test the department differences on anxiety we conducted one-way ANOVA. The results
showed that there is a significant departmental differences on anxiety , F(2,325) = 481.84,
p<.05. Following the significant differences Tukey post hoc show that three groups
statistically significant from each other with following order: art students (M= 4.10, SD =
1.86) < social science (M = 9.61, SD = 2.26) < engineering (M = 13.29, SD = 2.42).

Descriptive Statistics
Dependent Variable: Level of anxiety
Department Mean Std. Deviation N
Arts & Humanities 4,1021 1,86341 111
Social Sciences 9,6101 2,26493 112
Engineering 13,2876 2,42393 105
Total 8,9234 4,35268 328

Level of anxiety
Tukey HSD a,b,c

Subset
Department N 1 2 3
Arts & Humanities 111 4,1021
Social Sciences 112 9,6101
Engineering 105 13,2876
Sig. 1,000 1,000 1,000