Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mysore 2012
Mysore 2012
Central Ground Water Board is providing all technical input for effective management
of ground water resources in the state. The groundwater scenario compiled on
administrative divisions gives a better perspective for planning various ground water
management measures by local administrative bodies. With this objective, Central
Ground Water Board is publishing the revised groundwater information booklet for all
the districts of the state.
I do appreciate the efforts of Dr. K.Md.Najeeb, Regional Director and his fleet of
dedicated Scientists of South Western Region, Bangalore for bringing out this
booklet. I am sure these brochures will provide a portrait of the groundwater
resources in each district for planning effective management measures by the
administrators, planners and the stake holders.
Sushil Gupta
Chairman
2
PREFACE
Ground water contributes to about eighty percent of the drinking water requirements
in the rural areas, fifty percent of the urban water requirements and more than fifty
percent of the irrigation requirements of the nation. Central Ground Water Board has
decided to bring out district level ground water information booklets highlighting the
ground water scenario, its resource potential, quality aspects, recharge – discharge
relationship, vulnerability area etc., for all the districts of the country. As part of this,
Central Ground Water Board, South Western Region, Bangalore, is preparing such
booklets for all the 30 districts of Karnataka state, incorporating the data up to the
period 2011-12.
The Bellary District Ground Water Information Booklet has been prepared
based on the information available and data collected from various state and central
government organisations by several hydro-scientists of Central Ground Water
Board with utmost care and dedication. This booklet has been prepared by Shri Sri.
K.N.Nagaraj, Scientist D, Central Ground Water Board, South Western Region,
Bangalore. The figures were prepared by Sri. J. Sivaramakrishnan, Assistant
Hydrogeologist and the rainfall data provided by Shri H.P.Jayaprakash Scientist-C.
The efforts of Report processing section in finalising and bringing out the report in
this format are commendable.
I take this opportunity to congratulate them for the diligent and careful compilation
and observation in the form of this booklet, which will certainly serve as a guiding
document for further work and help the planners, administrators, academicians,
hydrogeologists and engineers to plan and manage the water resources in a better
way in the district.
.
(Dr. K.Md.Najeeb)
Regional Director
3
MYSORE DISTRICT AT A GLANCE
Sl. ITEMS STATISTICS
No.
1 GENERAL INFORMATION
i) Geographical area (Sq Km) 6763.82
ii) Administrative Divisions
Number of Tehsils / taluks 7, H.D.Kote, Hunsur, K.R.Nagar, Mysore,
Nanjangud, Periyapatna, T. Narasipur
No. of Panchayat /Villages : 235/1216 + 124
iii) Population (As per 2011 Census) 29,94,744
iv) Average annual rain fall (1901-70) 782 (697 – 904) mm
2 GEOMORPHOLOGY
Major Physiographic Units The district is classified as uplands area. However
the south-western parts of the district falls under
semi-malnad category with elevation ranging
from 2200 to 3150 mamsl, where as the general
elevation of uplands is 700-900 m amsl. The
malnad region is covered under forest.
Major Drainages Drained by 5 perennial rivers namely East flowing
Cauvery, Kabini, Nugu, Gundal and
Lakshmanthirtha The major drainage in the
district is the east flowing Cauvery River.
3 LAND USE (ha) 2009-10)
Forest area 69420
Net area sown 380541
Cultivable wasteland 2568
Area sown more than once 238433
4 MAJOR SOIL TYPES Red sandy soils, Red loamy soils
And Deep black soils
5 AREA UNDER PRINCIPAL CROPS Crop Area
(2004-2005) in ha Paddy 118084
Ragi 79824
Jowar 19819
Pulses 119016
Oilseeds 25551
Fruits & Vegetable 9572
Sugar cane 9535
Tobacco 59482
Cotton 71938
Others 69785
Total 582606
6 IRRIGATION BY DIFF. SOURCES Area (Ha) Number
Dug wells 10323
Bore wells 5795 -
Tanks/ Ponds 17377 -
Canals 87685 -
Lift 375
Other Sources -
Net Irrigated Area 121555
4
7 NUMBER OF GROUND WATER
MONITORING STATIONS OF
CGWB
(As on 31-03-2007) 53
Number Dug wells 12
Number of Piezometers
8 PREDOMINANT GEOLOGICAL
FORMATIONS
Recent Alluvium
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ U n c o n f o r m i t y ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Pre-Cambrian Closepet Granites, Ultra basic /
(Intrusives) Basic Intrusives
9 HYDROGEOLOGY
Major Water Bearing Formations -
Shallow aquifers of alluvium along the stream courses and weathered zones of Granites and
gneisses occurring between the depths of 8 to 14 m bgl.
Deeper aquifers of jointed and fractured Granites, gneisses and Charnockites occurring
between the depths of 25 to 200 m bgl.
Pre-monsoon Water Levels during 2011 1.110 – 13.28 m bgl
Long term water level Pre-monsoon National Hydrograph Stations (NHS) water
mean levels mean 1.010m to9.931mbgl.
(2001-2010) in m/year: Post-monsoon NH Stations water levels have shown mean
water levels are
5
11 GROUND WATER QUALITY
Presence of chemical constituent more than Chemical quality of Ground water Suitable for
the permissible limit all purposes in Major parts of the district.
6
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General:
Mysore city was the capital of the former princely State of Mysore and on
independence it became part of Madras presidency. On the linguistic reorganisation
of the States in 1956 a new state named Mysore State was formed with its
headquarters at Bangalore in which Mysore was a district. Later, on the first of
November 1973, the state was renamed as Karnataka. The then Mysore district
comprised of 3 sub-divisions viz. Mysore, Hunsur and Nanjangud which were sub
divided into 11 taluks with a total area of 11954 sq.km. The district was bifurcated
with the creation of a new district viz. Chamarajanagar, with its headquarters at
Chamrajanagar by taking out the taluks, Chamarajanagar, Gundlupet, Kollegal, and
Yellandur. Thus the district at present consists of 7 taluks with a total area of 6269
Sq.km.
1.2 Location:
Mysore district falls in the survey of India degree sheet Nos. 48P, 57D, 57H and 58A.
The district is bounded by north latitudes 110 45' - 120 40' and east longitudes 750 59'
-770 05' covering an area of 6269 Sq. km. The district is one of the southern most
districts of the state and is bordered by Kodagu district in the west, Chamarajanagar
district in the south and south east, Mandya district in the north, Hassan district in the
north west and the Cannanore district of Kerala state in the south west.
1.4 Communications:
The district is well connected by all weather roads. The state highway connects the
district headquarters with the state capital and other important cities of the district.
The broad gauge railway line passes through Mysore and the taluk
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headquarters of KR Nagar. All the other taluk headquarters and other towns are
connected by all weather roads thus making all parts of the district accessible
throughout the year.
1.5 Drainage
Mysore district is endowed with a number of perennial and non-perennial rivers. The
Cauvery, which is the major river system of the district, traverses the Mysore plateau
from northwest to east along with its tributaries, Kabini, Suvarnavathi,
Laxmanathirtha and others.
The Cauvery rises at Talacauvery in Kodagu district and flows along the boundary of
Periyapatna taluk, enters into the district through K R Nagar taluk. It further moves
into T. Narasipur and Kollegal before reaching Tamil Nadu.
The total catchment area of the river is the second largest in the State and it covers
nearly 18 per cent of the land area of the State. It is the only river which has been
harnessed for irrigation from ancient times and it is estimated that as much as 95 per
cent of its surface flow is put to use before it enters into the Bay of Bengal. The
drainage pattern is sub-dendritic to dendritic type in nature and is shown in fig 2.
9
10
1.7 Activities carried out by CGWB:
Central Ground Water Board has carried out Systematic Hydrogeological surveys,
Reappraisal Hydrogeological surveys and Groundwater Exploration in the district.
The hydrogeological investigations and groundwater exploration during the first
phase have revealed the existence of potential zones within 100 meters depth in
granitic and gneissic formations. The report on Hydrogeological Conditions in
Mysore district was prepared in the year 1992. The report contained the details of old
Mysore district inclusive of present Chamarajanagar district.
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3.0 GEOMORPHOLOGY, GEOLOGY AND SOIL TYPES
Geomorphologically, the district is classified as denudational uplands with about 85
to 90% of the district falling in this category. The next important geomarphological
unit is older flood plains mainly in the H.D Kote taluk and parts of Mysore taluk.
Ridges and valleys form the third important unit and are mainly restricted to the
Nanjangud and H.D Kote taluk and north western part of Mysore taluk. Flat valleys
are not very common except for isolated appearances. The general elevation in the
district ranges from 700-800 m amsl except for the denudational hills and ridges.
However, the H.D Kote taluk in the southern parts of the district has higher elevation
ranging from 2200-3150 m amsl. The Mullur betta with an elevation of 3150 m amsl
falls in the area. The Hekkan betta (3732 m amsl) of the Naganpur Reserved Forest,
the Shigebetta (3724 m amsl) of the Ainurmarigudi Reserved Forest and the
Jainbaribetta (3231m amsl) of the Bedrampadi reserved forest mark the water divide
making the southern boundary of H.D. Kote taluk and also of the district.
The soil types of the district are grouped in to three viz., the red sandy soils, red
loamy soils and deep black soils. Almost entire district is covered by red sandy soil
except for small parts of T. Narapur taluk. The soils are having high permeability and
are neutral with a pH of 7. The thickness of the soil varies from less than a meter to 6
m. North-eastern part of T. Narasipur taluk comprises of red loamy soil. It is
characterized by clayey content mixed with sand. It is less permeable compare to the
sandy soil. It is having good moisture holding capacity and is fertile. The thickness
varies from less than a meter to 16 m. Deep Black soils occur in south-western part
of T. Narasipur taluk in a small area. These soils are dark brown, dark greyish brown
to very dark grey or black in colour. The texture is usually clayey throughout the
profile. These soils are fertile and generally produce good yields. Adequate soil and
water management practices and drainage facilities are essential to obtain
sustainable yields; otherwise salinity and water logging conditions may develop.
These soils need to be flushed once in 3-5 years with good quality water.
Geology
Geologically, the district is mainly composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks of
Pre-Cambrian age either exposed at the surface or covered with a thin mantle of
residual and transported soils. The rock formation in the district falls into two groups,
charnockite series and granite gneiss and gneissic complex. Pegmatite veins and
dolerite dykes are commons intrusives in the area. The flat and low-lying areas are
covered by a thick mantle of fertile soil, while, the elevated portions and hills are
capped by laterite. Pegmatite veins and dolerite dyke are common in the district and
this has a bearing on the tectonic history of the area as well. Prominent lineaments
seen in the district are oriented in a NNE –SSW direction, N-S as well as NW-SE
direction. The foliation in the granitic gneiss is trending NE–SW to NNW-SSE with an
easterly dip of 40 to 80 in general. Faults are observed trending E-W to NW- SE.
Near Mysore town a big batholith is seen and is known as Chamundi granites. A
fairly wide area of the district consists of charnokite series of rocks, particularly along
the southeastern borders of Yelandur and Biligirirangana hills and also at the
western border near Hangod in Hunsur Taluk. The intervening ground consists of
granitic gneiss with thin beds, lenses of various hornblendic rocks, pyroxenites and
12
dunities containing chromate and magnesite. Dolerites are in large numbers to the
west of Hunsur and Gundlupet taluks.
The Sargur schist belt in H. D. Kote taluk extends from Sargur to Mysore city for
about 40 km. This belt was named as Sargur series. The series comprise of a
complex series of meta sediments and basic igneous rocks. The garnet sillimenite
gneiss and associated rocks occurring as patches within the genesis of southern
Mysore represent the remnants of the older khondalite - charnockite system.
The area between Bettadabidu and Doddakanya is essentially a flat lying gneissic
terrain with numerous enclaves of meta-sedimentary units consisting of quartzites,
pelitic schists, crystalline limestone, calc-silicates and ferruginous quartzites into
which the ultramafic and the basic rocks have been emplaced.
In the H. D. Kote and Gundlupet regions, the bands of highly altered rocks of kyanite,
staurolite, siliceous schists and also bands of limestone and quartizites are found.
These rocks are of great economic importance because of the presence of graphite,
corundum and garnets in them. They extend from Bilikere region up to the southern
border of the district in the south-southwest direction for nearly 50 km. Fine textured
granite beds are found in Mysore taluk and around Mysore city.
SOIL
Soil is red sandy loam in most of the areas of the district.. The soils of the districts
can be broadly classified as the laterite, red loam, sandy loam, red clay and black
cotton soils. The laterite soil occurs mostly in the western part of the district while the
red loam is found in the northwest. These two account for nearly half the area of the
district. The black cotton soil is found mostly in the northeastern parts of the district.
The red sandy loam soils are derived from the granites and gneisses. The western
taluks of Periyapatna, H D Kote and Hunsur are covered with hilly terrain and contain
red, shallow gravelly soils. In the taluks of T. Narasipura and Nanjanagud, there is
deep red loam occasionally interspersed with black soils. The red soils are shallow to
deep well drained and do not contain lime nodules. The black soils are 1 to 1.5 metre
in bases with good water holding capacity for a longer time.
Temperature
Temperature influences considerably the socio-economic activities in a region. The
district in general enjoys cool and equable temperature. During the period from
March to May, there is continuous rise in temperature. April is the hottest month with
the mean daily maximum temperature at 34.5°C and the daily minimum at 21.1°C.
On normal days, the day temperatures during summer may exceed 39°C. There is
welcome relief from the heat when thunder showers occur during April and May. With
the advance of the southwest monsoon in the beginning of June, the day
temperatures drop appreciably and throughout the southwest monsoon period, the
weather is pleasant. After mid-November, both day and night temperatures decrease
progressively. January is the coldest month with mean daily maximum at 11°C.
13
Some days during the period from November to January, the minimum temperature
may go below 11°C.
The highest maximum temperature recorded at Mysore was 39.4°C on the 4th of
April 1917. The lowest minimum temperature was 10.6°C on the 13th of December
1945. The temperature remains nearly the same for several months but begins to
rise in February and touches the peak in either April or May.
Humidity
Relative humility is generally high during the southwest monsoon season. It is about
70 per cent and over in the mornings throughout the year, while in the afternoons, it
is comparatively lower except during the southwest monsoon. The period from
January to April is the driest part of the year with relative humility of about 30 per
cent and still lower in the afternoons.
Rainfall
The variation in the annual rainfall from year to year is not large during the 85 years
from 1901 to 1985, the highest annual rainfall amounting to 156 per cent of the
average annual rainfall had occurred in 1903 and the lowest occurred in 1918. It is
observed that the annual rainfall in the district was between 600 mm and 900 mm in
66 years out of the 85 years.
Distribution of Rainfall
H. D. Kote, Hunsur, and Periyapatna taluks are cool and moist during winter and
rainy season and these taluks are located in the semi-malnad areas. The remaining
taluks are comparatively dry (except for the regions of rivers) during the year. In
1960, the highest rainfall of 920.1 mm was recorded in H D Kote and the lowest of
762.8 mm in Hunsur taluk. The distribution of average annual rainfall in the district
seems to be satisfactory with more than 762 mm. In 1965, the distribution of rainfall
in the district was not satisfactory. The highest rainfall of 817 mm was recorded in H
D Kote and the lowest of 420.9 mm in Nanjangud. In the year 1985, Less rainfall was
recorded in the district. The amount of rainfall received has been considerable from
1980 to 1985. However, during 1985-86, 1021 villages out of 1,837 villages were
declared as drought hit areas as the rainfall was much below the average. The H.D.
Kote taluk had the highest annual rainfall during 2003 (811.8 mm) and K. R. Nagar
had the lowest annual rainfall of 507.9mm.
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months. Rainfall during the monsoon season is also sometimes associated with
thunder.
Fractured granites and gneisses form prolific deeper aquifers in some parts of the
district. In charnockites, specific capacities are in the range of 23 to 115 lpm/m while
the major rock type viz granites and granite gneisses have recorded specific
capacities in the range of 42 to 966 lpm /m. The transmissivities range between 21
and 912 m²/d. It is observed that the aquifers falling in about 90% of the district yield
up to 5 lps. There are small patches of areas where yield is less than one lps. There
are small areas having high yield up to 30 lps. The Hydrogeological map of the
district is presented in Fig 3.
15
from 23 to 966 lpm/m and the discharge ranges from 4.5 to 105.6 m3/hr. The draw
down varies from 0.65 to 4.44 m.
16
Ground water occurs under semi-confined to confined conditions in fractures
and joints below the zone of weathering. The occurrence and movement of ground
water is controlled by intensity of fracturing and their inter connection. This zone is
developed by bore wells. Depth of aquifer in this zone ranges from ranges from 25
to 90 m. Discharge ranges from less than one to 8 lps. Drawdown ranges from 0.5 to
23 m for pumping duration of 100 minutes. The transmissivity ranges from 0.5 – 819
m2/day/m. It is observed that the fracture aquifer system falling in about 90% of the
district yields upto 5 litres/second (lps). There are small patches of areas where yield
is less than one lps and high yields of up to 30 lps.
During the post monsoon period groundwater levels within the range of 2 to 5m is
recorded in major part of the area. Depth to water level between o to 2m and 5-10m
are observed in isolated patches as shown in figure 5.
17
Fig.4
18
Fig. 5
19
The long term mean water level for May and November months is being
compared with the present scenario. Ground water level fluctuation in May 2011 with
respect to decadal mean (may2001-may2010) is shown in figure 6. Major part of the
district shows 0- 2m rise while western part of the district recorded 2-4 rise. Very
small area shows more than 4m rise and small patches are noticed with 0-2m and 2-
4 m fall and more than 4m fall is not recorded.
The annual draft for domestic and industrial uses in Mysore district, is 3915.16 ham
and the draft for irrigation purposes is 19922.70 ham. It is further observed that the
total ground water draft during the year 2004 was 23822.33 ham. It is also observed
that highest draft is recorded in Mysore taluk (5962.30) and the least in K.R. Nagar
taluk (1259.23 ham). The taluk-wise stage of ground water development details
computed for the district in the ground water estimation studies for the year 2004 is
given in table-4.1.
20
Fig. 6
21
Fig. 7
22
TABLE 4.1: TALUK WISE GROUND WATER RESOURCES AND CATAGORISATION OF
MYSORE DISTRICT, KARNATAKA (2008-09)
EXISTING STAGE OF
OVER-EXPLOITED
GROUND WATER
GROUND WATER
EXISTING GROSS
AND INDUSTRIAL
SL TALUK
DEVELOPMENT
WATER DRAFT
SEMICRITICAL
AVAILABILITY
AVAILABILITY
NO
NET ANNUAL
IRRIGATION
AREA (%)
AREA (%)
WATER
HAM HAM HAM HAM HAM HAM HAM
1 H.D. KOTE 8055 3404 441 3845 652 4111 48 69 19 - 12
2 HUNSUR 6376 2002 211 2213 268 4302 35 73 - - 27
3 K.R. NAGAR 7319 2021 267 2287 637 4688 31 97 - - 3
4 MYSORE 4211 3364 167 3520 181 784 84 27 - - 73
5 NANJANGUD 10659 3904 405 4309 734 6040 40 - 80 - 20
6 PERIYAPATNA 6415 1289 235 1524 322 4804 24 SAFE - - -
7 T. NARSIPURA 12933 3557 377 3934 631 8806 30 57 3 8 32
TOTAL 55968 19541 2093 21634 4056 33535
The recharge from other sources includes return seepage from irrigated area,
seepage from canals, seepage from water bodies, seepage from influent rivers etc.
The recharge can be expressed in metres. In the state of Karnataka, the unit area
recharge is grouped into four categories viz. 0.025-0.10m, 0.10-0.15m, 0.15-0.25m
and 0.25-0.50m. In Mysore district the unit area annual recharge is in the range of
0.025-0.10m in H.D.Kote, Hunsur,K.R.Nagar and Periyapatna taluks and in the
range of 0.1 to 0.15 in Nanjangud and Mysore taluks and in the range of 0.15 to
0.25m in T.Narasipura taluk as shown in figure. 8.
Table-4.3 : Distribution of wells according to water lifting device as per MI Census 2000-01.
27
development strategy. In critical and over-exploited areas, artificial recharge and
rainwater harvesting measures are recommended to augment to ground water
system. About 17761.65 ham of ground water resource is available in the district for
further development. The development is recommended only in area categorised as
safe and semi-critical (Fig- 10). In such areas, potential aquifers can be located by
hydrogeological surveys aided by geophysical methods. Dug wells and filter-points
are recommended only in river and valley banks where sufficient thickness of valley-
fill is available, which gets saturated during rainy seasons. Ground water
development in other feasible areas should be done by bore wells. Spacing norm of
In areas, which are categorized as critical and over-exploited, growing crops like
paddy, sugarcane etc, having high water requirement may be avoided. Advance
irrigation methods like drip and sprinkler irrigation may be practiced.
In the command areas conjunctive use of surface and ground water may be
practiced to avoid long-term hazards like water logging and ground water as well as
soil salinity problems.
Groundwater in the district can be augmented by opting for rainwater harvesting and
artificial recharge structures to harvest non-committed surface runoff. In the western
part of the district where the topography is hilly and rugged artificial recharge
structures like nalla and gully plugs contour bunds and contour trenches and nalla
bunds may be constructed and in comparatively plain areas percolation tanks and
point recharge structures like recharge shafts recharge pits and recharging through
existing dug/bore wells may be practiced. In semi-urban areas in the district, lot of
roof area is available for rooftop rainwater harvesting. So in these semi-urban areas
rooftop rainwater harvesting practices may be encouraged. This will help in reducing
the load on urban water supply systems. The area suitable for artificial recharge in
the district is shown in figure 12.
There is over exploitation of ground water resource in 73% area of Mysore, 32%
area of T. Narasipura, 27% of Hunsur and 20% area of Nanjangud taluks. This over-
exploitation has resulted in depletion of water levels. Artificial recharge measures are
required to be taken up in these areas on priority basis. Mysore, the district
headquarters is the only urban centre in the district. Presently the Ground water here
is not under threat as the city is provided with piped water supply from surface water
sources. Studies on the pollution aspects related to the urbanization didn’t reveal any
significant adverse effect in water quality. Nitrate concentration of more than
permissible limit exists in many parts of the district. This may be due to indiscriminate
use of fertilizer and biological contamination from decaying vegetation. Judicious
use of fertilizer and proper care in disposing the biological waste coupled with
artificial recharge (in favourable areas) can address this problem.
28
Fig. 11
29
.
7. AWARENESS AND TRAINING ACTIVITY
9.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
As already discussed the average stage of ground water development in the district
is 63% indicating that there are areas where there is scope for further development.
Categorisation of the areas is shown in Fig 6 . It may be noted that all command
areas are under safe category. Categorization as shown in the fig is only for non-
command areas. While K. R. Nagar and Periyapatna taluks are safe for ground water
development, whereas in Nanjangud no area is safe except canal command. Rest of
the taluks are partly safe and partly over-exploited. But all the command areas
falling in the district are safe for further development. The dugwells, which penetrate
partially the weathered, fractured zones of the aquifers, may be deepened further for
the better productivity. Construction of check dams and sub surface dykes at
appropriate places across the nallahs and streams in the water-table depleting areas
of Mysore, T. Narasipura, Hunsur, H.D. Kote and Nanjangud taluks may be
envisaged. A comprehensive programme has to be formulated to harvest the rain
water through roof top, check dams, surface tanks, bunds and subsurface dykes to
use the resources directly from the structures, which in turn will arrest the sub-
surface flows and augment the groundwater resources. Ground water usage should
be encouraged in topographic lows and valley areas of low water level fluctuations
with adequate soil conservation measures to prevent the soil erosions. Constant
monitoring of ground water quality should be carried out in the Canal command
areas to prevent the pollution and related problems. Determination of trace elements
and organic compound should be done to help in categorizing the quality of water.
Ground water in canal command area is found under-developed therefore, it is
strongly recommended to prepare an action plan to bring more area under
conjunctive use of ground water and surface water irrigation. Conjunctive use of both
Surface and Ground water practiced in the canal command area would improve the
30
quality of ground water, prevent the water logging conditions and availability of canal
water to the tail end areas. The ground water development should be allowed only
areas, which are categorised as safe and semi-critical with caution. Mass awareness
programmes should be conducted for public awareness about the limited availability
of ground water resource. For domestic purposes dug wells are ideal structures in
denudational uplands and older flood plains while in the rest of the area the wate
level is expected to be deep and may dry up in summer. For domestic purposes 2.5
m dia dug well down to 8-14 m will be ideal where as for irrigational purposes deeper
dug wells with depth ranging from 14-18 m bgl with a dia of 5-6 m is recommended.
The locations for bore wells are site specific and have to be pinpointed based on
scientific investigations. In general the lineaments trending NE-SW and E-W are
expected to be have higher yield. Sites for bore wells and dug wells should selected
with the technical advice from technical qualified persons. The bore well may be
constructed down to 200 m with a dia of 152 to 165 mm. Since potential fracture
zones are encountered with in a depth zone of 100 m, small capacity DTH Rig is
sufficient for drilling borewells for domestic purposes of 152 mm diameter. For
irrigation bore wells a depth of 200 m with a diameter of 152 to 165 mm is
recommended. The thickness of weathered formation hardly exceeds 22 m and
hence there is no problem for lowering the casing pipes. However, at places loose
boulders are encountered just above the bedrock thereby creating problems for
proper sitting of casing pipe. In cases where boulder problems are encountered
reaming of the borehole with mud circulation before lowering the casing is
recommended. Cement sealing provided in the annular space ensures longer life of
the well. Farmers should be educated to grow less water intensive crops and adopt
micro irrigation system. Government should provide subsidy such irrigation systems.
Artificial recharge structures should be constructed in feasible areas for augmenting
ground water resource and to improve ground water quality.
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