Welding flux 

1. Relationship of arc, base metal, electrode and flux:

a. Arc stream is created by holding an electrode approximately 1/8’ (3mm) away
from the base metal.
b. The arc stream creates a molten pool or crater that tends to flow away from the
arc and cools to solidify as it moves.
c. Flux from the electrode covering forms a slag on the top of the weld to protect it
from contaminants during cooling.
                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                        
2. How flux covered electrode works
a. Flux covered electrode has a core of metal wire with a baked on chemical  
covering.
b. The wire core melts in the arc stream and droplets of metal are transferred
across the arc to make the molten puddle and provide the filler metal to fill the
gap or groove between two base metals.
c. The flux covering also melt in the arc stream to stabilize the arc to provide a
shield around the arc, to keep it free from atmospheric impurities and to form slag
covering to protect the weld.
MEASURING TOOLS

a. Pull-push rule

 This flexible rule when extended will

support itself, but may also be used to
measure curved, irregular surfaces. Steel
 tape rule blade is usually ½ inch wide and
72 inches long. The graduation is
sixteenths, except for the first 6 inches
which are graduated in thirty-seconds of an
inch.

  b. Steel tape

  similar to a steel tape rule except for

its        flexible number of feet that are
marked on the tape. The tape is 3/8-
inch-wide and available in lengths  
from 25 to 100 feet.

  c.Steel Rule
            This is the most common tool used in tool room. It is         made of tampered
steel about 1/8-inch-thick and ¾ inch         wide and 6 to 12 inches long. The same style
maybe             obtained in length from 1 to 48 inches.