NAME: GEQUILLO, SHYNAMAE G.
ED 1
Chapter 2: The Stages of Development and
Developmental Tasks
Physical
Infancy and toddlerhood: Taking a first step, Smiling for
Less than 1 yr. old the first time, Rolling, crawling,
Finger grasping and picking up
things.
Infancy and Toddlerhood: Sit without leaning on
At 1 yr. old anything or being held up,
Belly crawl, scoot, or creep on
hands and knees. Pull to
standing and move, holding on
to furniture, Stand alone and
walk, holding on to your
hands.
Infancy and Toddlerhood: Walk, run, and start learning to
At 2 yrs. old jump with both feet, Stand on
tiptoes and balance on one
foot, Pull or carry toys while
walking, Walk upstairs while
holding the railing; may
alternate feet, Throw and kick
a ball, try to catch with both
hands. Climb on furniture and
playground equipment.
Infancy and Toddlerhood: Run and walk without tripping
At 3 yrs. old over their own feet, Jump, hop,
and stand on one foot, Climb,
Draw a circle with a crayon,
pencil, or marker, Turn the
pages of a book one at a time,
Play with toys that have small
moving parts and/or buttons,
Work door handles and open
twist-on bottle tops.
COURSE: BEED GEN.
Emotional/Social
Imitates some sounds, Active
crying, Active sleep, Drowsy
waking, Fussing, Quiet alert,
Quiet sleep.
Smile and laugh in reaction to
somebody else or when
playing, Cry when someone
nearby is upset, Feel
comfortable exploring the room
when a caregiver is nearby,
Show affection to familiar
people, Be nervous around
new people and clingy with
caregivers, Have mild temper
tantrums when frustrated.
Have tantrums when
frustrated, Be happy to play
near, if not with, other kids,
Mimic what other kids and
adults do and say, as well as
how they say it. Disobey more
than before, doing things
they’re told not to do, just to
test what happens, Start to
realize they can do things
without your help.
Be interested although hesitant
about going new places and
trying new things, Start to play
with other kids (as opposed to
only playing side-by-side), Play
“real life” with toys like play
kitchens, Show (but maybe not
name) a variety of emotions
beyond happy, sad, and mad,
Start finding simple ways to
solve arguments and
disagreements, Take turns
while playing (even if they
don’t like to).
Cognitive
Start following simple
directions such as “blow me a
kiss” or “sit down”, Point to
their own head, eyes, ears,
nose, or mouth, Understand
basic commands like stop, Say
no mama and several other
words, Start testing cause and
effect, such as what happens
when they throw a cup on the
floor.
Know the use of everyday
objects, such as a spoon, a
toothbrush, or a phone, Start
simple pretend play, like
feeding a stuffed animal, Show
a reaction to familiar songs
and stories.
Enjoy more complicated
pretend play, like pretending
that a box is a spaceship or
assigning people characters
when playing, Recite favorite
books and nursery rhymes
with you, May follow two-step
directions, like “take off your
coat and hang it up”, Do three-
to four-piece puzzles, Group
toys by type, size, or color.
Recite numbers to 10 and start
counting groups of things,
Name the eight colors in a
crayon box (red, yellow, blue,
green, orange, purple, brown,
black), Start understanding
time in terms of morning, night,
and days of the week, Follow
simple three-step directions
(“Brush your teeth, wash your
face, and put on your
pajamas.”), Remember and
retell favorite stories.
Infancy and Toddlerhood: Jump with two feet, Control big
At 4 yrs. old muscle movements more
easily they may be able to
start, stop, turn, and go around
obstacles while running, Get
dressed with little help
(zippers, snaps, and buttons
may still be a little hard), Put
together a simple puzzle, Write
some letters or make
separated, distinct marks that
look like letters, Draw or copy
basic shapes and crosses.
Infancy and Toddlerhood: Start to move in more
At 5 yrs. old coordinated ways, doing things
like swimming, dribbling a
basketball, or dancing, Stand
and hop on each foot, Walk on
their tiptoes and heel-to-toe,
like on a balance beam, jump
rope and pump their legs to
swing alone, Be able to wipe
and wash after using the
bathroom, Cut out basic
shapes with scissors; may be
able to cut a straight line.
Middle Childhood to late Run, hop, skip, and jump, Be
Childhood able to dance in time with the
music — and even add some
cool moves like spinning in
place without moving from one
spot, Have handwriting that’s
getting neater and easier to
read, Know how to use
utensils the right way (even if
they don’t always do it), May
begin playing a musical
instrument, Be capable of
doing chores like sweeping or
making the bed, Tie shoes and
button and zip independently.
Adolescence Start showing signs of puberty,
like hair growth or oily skin,
girls may have weight gain or
redistribution and boys’ voices
may start to change, Show
improvement in handwriting
and the ability to use tools,
Have a bigger appetite and
need more sleep, May be
clumsy because of growth
spurts, May try to develop
strength and endurance due to
increased muscle mass
especially in boys.
Start to show and express a
wider range of emotion, Share,
cooperate, be helpful, and take
turns, Start playing with other
kids and separate from parents
and caregivers more easily,
May still have tantrums
because of changes in routine
or not getting what they want,
Have imaginary friends and
play the same imaginary
games over and over.
Want to act like their friends
and seek their approval,
Become jealous of other
people spending time with
“their” friends, Enjoy showing
off; they’ll sing, dance, or be
silly to get attention, May have
tantrums or get angry if they
think they’re not being listened
to, Start to understand why it’s
helpful to share and get along
with other kids.
More independent, but less
secure (they may want a lot of
attention and approval from
adults), Form and break
friendships easily, and can be
critical of other kids, Are eager
to please and want to “be first”
and win, Get their feelings hurt
more easily and start being
very aware of other people’s
feelings, Understand right from
wrong, but look for the
loopholes in rules to get what
they want, Begin to understand
what it means to feel
embarrassed.
Are insecure or have mood
swings and struggle with self-
esteem, Form stronger and
more complex friendships,
Have a deeper understanding
of how relationships with
others can include more than
just common interests, Are
kind, silly, and curious, but
also can be self-involved,
moody, and disrespectful, May
test out new attitudes, clothing
styles, and mannerisms while
figuring out where/how to fit in,
Start sorting things by
attributes like size, shape, and
color, Compare and contrast
by things like height, size, or
gender, Begin to understand
the difference between real
and make-believe, but may still
confuse them, Understand that
pictures and symbols stand for
real things, Count to at least
20 and point to and count
items in a group, Get abstract
ideas like “bigger,” “less,”
“later,” “ago,” and “soon”, Put
things in order, like from
biggest to smallest, shortest to
tallest.
Recognize and name colors
and basic shapes, Know the
letters of the alphabet and
letter sounds, Know that
stories have a beginning,
middle and end, Count groups
of objects up to 10 and recite
numbers to 20, Make plans
about how to play, what to
build, or what to draw.
Start developing the skills to
reason and think logically, Try
to think about things before
making decisions, Learn from
what they hear and read not
just from what they see and
do, Have trouble making
choices because they want to
do everything at once, Can
read several sight words
(words they see frequently and
can read without sounding out)
and sound out other words,
Begin to have a better sense
of time, understanding
increments of time, days,
weeks, months, and seasons,
Write and recognize the
numerals 0 to 100, and the
words for numbers from one to
twenty, Do basic addition and
subtraction up to 20.
Start predicting the
consequences of an action
and plan accordingly, Can
argue more than just one side
of an issue, Develop a better
sense of responsibility and
help out around the house,
Start understanding how things
are connected (For example,
kids may understand the
effects of climate change or
how the mood of one person
can impact others).
 Value friends opinions, share
secrets and inside jokes, Have
a first crush or pretend to have
crushes to fit in with peers.

Early Adulthood Physical development Have the ability to share Usually knows how to profit
complete intimacy, as well as forming from errors, Start to recognize
relationships and finding that there is more to life than
intimate love. Long-term simple good and wrong ideas.
relationships develop, and
marriage and children are
frequently the result, Want
career.

Middle Adulthood Hair begins to begin to thin Brain is calmer, less neurotic, Some cognitive processes
and gray, Hearing and vision better at managing emotions, decrease, like reaction time
decrease, Wrinkles appear, and better at negotiating social and memory.
Muscles lose tone. settings.

Late Adulthood The skin continues to lose May experience feelings of Some memory problems.
suppleness, reaction times guilt, shame, or depression,
reduce even more, muscle may feel useless and helpless.
strength and mobility
deteriorate, hearing and vision
deteriorate, and the immune
system weakens.