INTRODUCTION TO PHILIPPINE CRIMINAL JUSTICE

SYTEM

B.S. CRIMINOLOGY – K1A

Submitted by :
Jose Lorenzo N. Garingo
Enumerate and explain the 5 Pillars of the Philippine Criminal Justice System
as a structure and as a process

THE FIVE PILLARS OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM. I – LAW ENFORCEMENT II

– THE PROSECUTION; III – COURTS; IV – THE CORRECTIONS; and V – COMMUNITY.
As we shall see, OUR CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IS COMPOSED OF FIVE PILLARS
THAT FUNCTION LIKE A CHAIN OF LINKS

I. LAW ENFORCEMENT PROCESS - The law enforcement consists of the officers and men
of the Philippine National Police (PNP), the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI), and other
agencies. When they learn of the commission of crimes or discover them, their duty is to
Investigate and arrest suspect

II. PROSECUTION PROCESS - The investigation and prosecution of all cases involving
violations of penal laws are lodged with the Department of Justice (DOJ) through its National
Prosecution Service (NAPROSS). The DOJ is headed by the Secretary of Justice with three
Undersecretaries assisting him.

III. COURTS PROCESS - If the preliminary investigation results in the finding that a crime
has been committed and the suspect is probably guilty thereof, the public prosecutor will file the
corresponding information in the proper court; thus, activating the judicial process. The case
shall then be set for arraignment which is the first stage of a criminal action

IV. PENAL OR CORRECTIONAL PROCESS - Punishment is the isolation of the convicts

by imprisonment for the periods laid down by the courts or in extreme cases, their execution by
the method prescribed by law—and correction and rehabilitation are functions undertaken by the
institutions set up by law, e.g., the Bureau of Prisons, Parole and Probation Administration

V. THE COMMUNITY - After the convicts have passed through the correction component—
either unconditionally (as by full service of the term of imprisonment imposed on them), or by
parole or pardon—they go back to the community and either lead normal lives as law-abiding
citizens in their barangays, or, regrettably, commit other crimes and thus, go back through the
same processes and stages of the criminal justice system. The community at large—through the
appropriate legislative agencies, public and private educational institutions, parents and
guardians, churches, religious organizations, civic associations, etc
Explain various Criminal Justice Models and Criminal Justice
Philosophy and Approaches

Crime control model refers to a theory of criminal justice which places emphasis on reducing

the crime in society through increased police and prosecutorial powers and. In contrast, The
“due process model” focuses on individual liberties and rights and is concerned with limiting the
powers of government. A criminal justice system is a set of legal and social institutions for
enforcing the criminal law in accordance with a defined set of procedural rules and limitations.
The Philippine criminal justice system is composed of five parts or pillars, namely, law
enforcement, prosecution, judiciary, penology, and the community. The law enforcement
consists of the officers and men of the Philippine National Police (PNP), the National Bureau of
Investigation (NBI), and other agencies

 Discuss the relationship between the Criminal, the Criminal Law,

the Victim and the Criminal Justice

Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime. It proscribes conduct perceived as
threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and moral welfare
of people inclusive of one's self while Criminal justice is the delivery of justice to those who have
committed crimes. The criminal justice system is a series of government agencies and
institutions. Goals include the rehabilitation of offenders, preventing other crimes, and moral
support for victims, Victimology is the study of victimization, including the psychological effects
on victims, relationships between victims and offenders, the interactions between victims and
the criminal justice system—that is, the police and courts, and corrections officials—and the
connections between victims and other social groups

 Explain the components and functions of the Philippine Criminal

Justice System

The Philippine criminal justice system is composed of five parts or pillars, namely, law

enforcement, prosecution, judiciary, penology, and the community. The law
enforcement consists of the officers and men of the Philippine National Police (PNP), the
National Bureau of Investigation (NBI), and other agencies. A series of government
agencies and institutions. Goals include the rehabilitation of offenders, preventing
other crimes, and moral support for victims. The primary institutions of the criminal
justice system are the police, prosecution and defense lawyers, the courts and prisons.
Discuss the linkages of the Philippine Criminal Justice components
in the administration of justice

The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines divides the government into three equal and
co-ordinated branches, namely, the legislative, executive and the judiciary, each of which is
supreme within their respective spheres. Neither of them may encroach upon the function or
domain of the other. The law-making function is lodged in the Philippine Congress, composed of
the Senate, whose members are elected by the voters of the whole country, and the House of
Representatives, whose members come from districts chosen by the voters therein. The executive
function, the duty to enforce the laws, falls on the President of the Republic. It is to the Supreme
Court and the other courts created by law that the judicial function is lodged. Among these three
branches, those that are directly involved in the administration of justice are the executive branch
through the police and other numerous law enforcement and prosecution agencies, as well as the
correctional institutions, and the judiciary. The agency primarily in charge of law enforcement is
the Philippine National Police, which is under the control of the Office of the President through
the Department of Interior and Local Government. There are also specialized agencies dealing
with specialized cases such as the Bureau of Internal Revenue in charge of matters relating to
taxation, and the Immigration Department, on immigration matters. The National Prosecution
Service, under the Department of Justice, is the principal agency in charge of the prosecution of
offenders. There is, however, a unique agency of the government which is the Office of the
Ombudsman, charged with the prosecution of certain crimes involving public officials or those
connected with the performance of public functions

 Differentiate the system of criminal justice in the Philippines

(Barangay Justice System and Regular Justice System)

The Barangay Justice System, otherwise known as the Lupon Tagapamayapa is

a system created by the government in order to solve disputes within the Barangay level before
going into court. These disputes are usually created between relatives within the Barangay
Katarungang Pambarangay is an innovation of the Philippine justice system. It provides for
resolution of disputes at the barangay level in order to achieve peace and harmony within the
community and to provide an accessible and effective form of justice for community members.
The Katarungang Pambarangay Law provides for local disputes which fall under its jurisdiction
to be resolved through mediation, conciliation, or arbitration by the Lupong Tagapamayapa of
which the Punong Barangay is the Chairman and The Barangay Justice System The barangay
justice system is not part of the judicial system. But the Judiciary recognizes that strengthening
the grassroot structure will definitely have positive effects in the administration of justice as it
may help unclog court dockets. According to an associate justice of the Supreme Court, it should
be the duty of every judge in the trial courts to help strengthen the barangay justice system. The
local courts can initiate public education and information programs on how the barangay system
works and provide opportunities for continuing education for Lupon and Pangkat officials