Differential Equations

Homework 1

I. State whether the given is linear or non-linear, ordinary or partial. Identify its order,
dependent variable, and independent variable/variables.

Note on Derivative Symbols: Symbols of derivatives can be any of these forms:

2
'' 𝑑𝑦 (2) (𝑛)
𝑦 = 2 = 𝑦 . The symbol 𝑦 , where 𝑛 is a positive integer, should not be confused with
𝑑𝑥
𝑛
𝑦 .

' cos𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
1. 𝑦 + 𝑦 sin 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑒
Answer:
                       Linear D.E/ 1st order/ ordinary D.E /dependent variable is y and the independent variable
is x
2 '
2. 𝑥 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 = sinh 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ 5𝑥 l
Answer:
          Linear D.E/ 1st order/ ordinary D.E /dependent variable is y and the independent variable
is x
''' ' 2
3. 𝑦 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2
Answer:
         Non-Linear D.E/ 3rd order/ ordinary D.E /dependent variable is y and the independent
variablE is x
'' '
4. 𝑦 − 3𝑦 𝑦 = 4
Answer:
         Non-Linear D.E/ 1st order/ordinary D.E/dependent variable is y and the independent
variable is unspecified
2 2
∂𝑤 ∂𝑤
5. 2 = 4 2
∂𝑡 ∂𝑥

Answer:
Non-Linear D.E/2nd order/Partial D.E / W is the dependent variable and t and x is the
independent variable
' 𝑥 2
6. 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑥
Answer:
 Linear D.E/ 1st order / Ordinary D.E / y is the dependent variable and x is the independent
variable.

' 𝑥 2
7. 𝑦 + 3𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑦
Answer:
Non- Linear D.E/ 1st order / Ordinary D.E/ y is the dependent variable and the independent
variable unspecified
3
8. (𝑦') 2
+ 𝑥𝑦 = sin 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
Answer:
Non-Linear D.E/ 1st order / Ordinary D.E / y is the dependent variable and x is the
independent variable.
(5) 3 (4) (2)
9. 𝑦 +𝑥 𝑦 − (sin 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 )𝑦 = 𝑦
Answer:
This is not a differential equations because it does not contain derivatives or differentials. It
is an algebraic equation.
2 2 2
∂𝑢 ∂𝑢 ∂𝑢
10. 2 + 2 + 2 =0
∂𝑥 ∂𝑦 ∂𝑧

Answer:
Linear D.E/ 2nd order / partial D.E / U is the dependent variable and x, y and z is the
independent variable.
2 (2) 4
11. 𝑦 ( (3)) − 8(𝑦 ) − 𝑥 𝑦 = 0
2

Answer:
This is not a differential equations because it does not contain derivatives or differentials. It is
an algebraic equation.
2
12. 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 4𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0 where 𝑦 is the dependent variable (Hint: Divide by 𝑑𝑥)
Answer:
Non-Linear D.E/ 1st order / Ordinary D.E / y is the dependent variable and x is the independent
variable.
2
13. 𝑦(1 + 𝑦 ( ') = 5
Answer:
Non-Linear D.E/ 1st order / Ordinary D.E / y is the dependent variable and the independent
variable is unspecified
 ' 𝑛
14. 𝑦 − 𝑎(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑏(𝑥) where 𝑛≠0 and 𝑛≠1
Answer:
Non-Linear D.E/ 1st order / Ordinary D.E / y is the dependent variable and x is the
independent variable while a and b is a constant.

'
15. 𝑦 + 𝑎(𝑥)𝑦 =− 𝑏(𝑥)
Answer:
Linear D.E/ 1st order / Ordinary D.E / y is the dependent variable and x is the independent
variable while a and b is a constant c
'' 2 ' 3
16. 𝑦 + 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑥 𝑦 = tan 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
Answer:
Linear D.E/ 2nd order / Ordinary D.E / y is the dependent variable and x is the
independent variable.

II. Verify that the given function or functions is a solution of the given d.e on the specified
interval/intervals.
Note on interval:
● Interval (9, ∞) is an open interval. Meaning, variable 𝑥 can have any value from 9 and ∞ but
not including 9 and ∞. Other way to say it is that it includes all the numbers in the positive 𝑥
axis that are greater than 9.
● Interval [0, 8) means 𝑥 can have values equal to 0 and greater than 0 but less than 8.
● Interval [-2,2] means 𝑥 can be equal to − 2, 2, and numbers in between.

2 '' 2 1
1. 𝑥 𝑦 − 2𝑦 = 0; 𝑦(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 𝑥
on intervals (− ∞, 0) and (0, ∞)

Solution:
The given functions is a solution of the given D.E

' 𝑦
2. 𝑦 − 𝑥
= 1; 𝑦(𝑥) = 𝑥 ln 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 on interval (0, ∞)

Solution:
The given functions is a solution of the given D.E

2 '' '
3. 2𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 = 0; 𝑦1(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 (− ∞, ∞),
 1
𝑦2(𝑥) = 𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 (0, ∞)
𝑥

Solution:
Not a solution of the given D.E

𝑑𝑦 3
III. Solve the de 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥
. Draw a representative samples of general solution curves. Determine
the particular solution for 𝑦 = 3, when 𝑥 = 𝑒. Highlight the particular solution curve in the
general solution curves.
Solution:
𝑑𝑦 3
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥
, Initial condition: y (e) =3
3
y = ʃ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

General solution

Particular solution
𝑦 = 3𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐
3 = 3𝑙𝑛𝑒 + 𝑐
3=3+ 𝑐
C=0
𝑦 = 3𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 0

C=10

C=0

C=-10

C=-20