Local Development Plan Manual

LDP MANUAL (FINAL DRAFT) MATHEWOS Consult
MINISTRY OF WORKS AND

URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Federal Urban Planning Institute
LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
PLAN MANUAL
September, 2006
Addis Ababa
02
MATHEWOS Consult
Architectural, Engineering, Urban Planning, Urban Development and Urban
Management Consultants
Tele: +251-
+251-091-
091-168 33 56; +251-
251-011-
011-651-
651-38-
38-35
P.O. Box: 17761,
17761, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
E-mail:
mail: mathewos@ethionet.et
mathewos@ethionet.et or mathewosa@yahoo.com
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................... 3

LIST OF FORMAT .................................................................................................................................... 3
LIST OF STANDARDS ............................................................................................................................ 3
ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................................. 4
PART I BACKGROUND STUDY .......................................................................... 5

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 . BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................................... 6
1.2. LDP IN THE CONTEXT OF ETHIOPIAN URBAN PLANNING SYSTEM. ......................................................... 7
1.3. PURPOSE OF THE MANUAL .................................................................................................................. 8
1.4. METHODOLOGY AND APPROACHES ADOPTED ...................................................................................... 8
1.5. HOW TO USE THE MANUAL .................................................................................................................. 8
1.6. CONTENT OF THE M ANUAL .................................................................................................................. 9
2. REVIEW OF PRACTICES ....................................................................................................10
2.1. GENERAL .......................................................................................................................................... 10
2.2. INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES............................................................................................................... 10
2.3. LOCAL PRACTICES ............................................................................................................................ 13
3. CONCEPTION, GENERAL PROVISIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS ..................................18
3.1. CONCEPTION AND PRINCIPLES............................................................................................................ 18
3.1.1. KEY ISSUES AND CONCEPTS .................................................................................................... 18
3.1.2. KEY PRINCIPLES AND THE IDP APPROACH ADOPTED ............................................................... 19
3.1.3. THE KEY LDP DEVELOPMENT FRAMES .................................................................................... 20
3.2. GENERAL PROVISIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS ..................................................................................... 20
3.2.1. GENERAL PROVISIONS ............................................................................................................ 20
3.2.2. URBAN LEVEL CLASSIFICATIONS ............................................................................................. 23
3.2.3. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................... 23
PART II THE PROCEDURE MANUAL ............................................................. 25

PHASE 1: PREPARATORY WORKS ......................................................................................27
PHASE 2: DATA COLLECTION & ANALYSIS .......................................................................32
PHASE 3: DEVELOPING STRATEGIC OPTIONS ..................................................................39
PHASE 4: PROPOSALS .........................................................................................................41
PHASE 5: INTEGRATING PROPOSALS. ...............................................................................50
PHASE 6: APPRAISAL AND APPROVAL .............................................................................53
PHASE 7: IMPLEMENTATION ...............................................................................................56
PHASE 8: MONITORING AND EVALUATION ........................................................................61
PART III ANNEXES ............................................................................................ 63
ANNEX I: FORMATS ................................................................................................................................... II
ANNEX II: STANDARDS.......................................................................................................................... XXX
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... XXXII
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LIST OF FIGURES
Fig.1. A Framework of the Trend in the Ethiopian Urban Planning System
Fig 2. Sample LDP from Merkato, Addis Ababa
Fig 3. Strategies for Implementation of LDPs
LIST OF FORMAT
Format No. 1. Example of Stakeholders Identification and Analysis in LDP Planning Process
Format No. 2. Demographic Data Collection and Analysis Format
Format No. 3. Social Data Collection and Analysis Formats
Format No. 4. Economic Data Collection & Analysis Formats
Format No. 5. Institutional Information Collection and Analysis Format
Format No. 6. Legal Frameworks Data Collection & Analysis Format
Format No. 7. Financial Data Collection and Analysis Format
Format No. 8. Physical Data Collection and Analysis Formats
Format No. 9. Population Data Collection and Analysis Formats
Format No. 10. Economic Data
Format No. 11. Example of Existing Environmental Physical Data Collection Format
Format No. 12. Example of Existing Landuse Data Collection and Analysis Format
Format No. 13. Housing Data Collection and Analysis Format
Format No. 14. Institutional Information Data Collection and Analysis Format
Format No. 15. Legal Frameworks Data Collection and Analysis Format
Format No. 16. Financial Information Collection and Analysis Format
Format No. 17. Example of Action Plan Format
Format No. 18. GAPS Identification Sample Format for an LDP Area
Format No. 19. LDP Outputs Formats
LIST OF STANDARDS
Standard 1. Data Types/Components
Standard 2. LDPs Preparation Levels
Standard 3. Typical Road Profile Showing Utility Lines Alignment
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ACRONYMS
AAWSA = Addis Ababa Water and Sewerage Authority
BAR = Built-up Area Ratio
BWUD = Bureau of Works and Urban Development
CBO = Community Based Organization
CSA = Central Statistical Authority
EEPCO = Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation
ETC = Ethiopian Telecommunications Corporation
FAR = Floor Area Ratio
FDRE = Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
FUPI = Federal Urban Planning Institute
HIV/AIDS = Human Immune Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome
IDP = Integrated Development Plan
LDP = Local Development Plan
LEDP = Local Economic Development Plan
LP = Local Plan
MoFA = Ministry of Federal Affairs
MWUD = Ministry of Works and Urban Development
NGO = Non Governmental Organization
PPP = Public Private Partnership
RF = Representative Forum
SC = Steering Committee
SNNPRS = Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples
Regional State
SDP = Social Development Plan
SP = Structure Plan/Specific Plan
SWOT = Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and
Threats
TC = Technical Committee
TOR = Terms of Reference
TVET = Technical, Vocational, Education and
Training
WSA = Water and Sewerage Authority
UURP = Urban Upgrading and Renewal Project
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PART I
BACKGROUND
STUDY
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Urban planning is one of the most important tools of urban management. It guides the socio-
economic and spatial/physical development of a given urban center. Hence, urban development
effort without the guidance of urban planning is like walking blindfolded.
Ethiopia is not only least urbanized but also most urban centers in the country are
predominantly unplanned. A naked eye observation on current urban morphologies suffices to
retrace the minimal role of planning in the Ethiopian urbanization process. This predominance of
unplanned development in Ethiopian urbanization poses a substantial need for re-planning in all
urban centers of the country. The re-planning involves an extensive land-use readjustment,
fundamental reorganization of infrastructure networks as well as revitalizing run down urban
fabrics. In this respect, LDPs play key roles, since wholesale interventions are both unfeasible
and unadvisable in built up urban areas.
LDP is a lower level urban plan, which is prepared within the framework of a structure plan. It is
detailed and focuses on specific locality of an urban center for immediate implementation. It is,
therefore, an important tool for implementation of structure plan proposals.
The preparation of LDPs in Ethiopia has a very brief history. Moreover, it is limited to few urban
centers. The methodology has been ad-hoc lacking systematized approaches. The approaches,
pursued by the LDPs prepared for various localities in Addis Ababa are not similar due to the
fact that there are no standardized guidelines. This has significantly affected the quality of the
local development plans so far prepared and impeded their effective execution. Evidently, most
of the LDPs prepared for the various localities of Addis Ababa are either left on shelves or
wrongly implemented.
The knowledge gap in the preparation of LDPs in Ethiopian urban centers has necessitated the
preparation of simplified LDP preparation and implementation Manual. The manual attempts to
standardize the spontaneously used LDP preparation knowledge and techniques. More
importantly, the manual preparation has adopted the recently introduced IDP approach in order
to secure strong public participation and integrated development efforts of urban centers.
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1.2. LDP in the Context of Ethiopian Urban Planning System.
Fig.1. A Framework of the Trend in the Ethiopian Urban Planning System
Level Long Term Integrated

Regional Development Plan
Level 1 Long Term Integrated Urban Development Plan

Long Term (IDP)
Urban Structure Plan

Level 2
IUISP UTTMP LEDS SDS

(Integrated Urban (Urban Transport and LDP (Local Economic (Social
Level 3 Infrastructure and Traffic Management
(Local Development Development Development
Service Plan) Plan) Strategy) Strategy)
Plan)
5 years Municipal IDP

Level 4
5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years

IUISP UTTMP UURP LEDS SDS
LDP
PROJECTS
In the Ethiopian Urban Planning System, LDP may be conceived as a detailed urban
development plan of a locality or neighborhood or part of an urban center. It is a major tool
through which SP is implemented and may have a life span not exceeding that of the SP. LDPs
have two major objectives:
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1. To guide a long term development of a locality by providing tools such as building permit
procedures; design guidelines and brief;
2. To facilitate efficient and effective implementation of projects such as city center business
development, UURP, real estate projects, etc by providing detailed land use and urban
design proposals.
1.3 Purpose of the Manual

The main purpose of the manual is to fill the long observed detailed urban planning knowledge
gap in the Ethiopian urban development planning practice. The manual is intended to bring
optimal LDP preparation and implementation approaches and procedures in one simplified
document for easy reference by practitioners.
1.4 Methodology and Approaches Adopted

Cognizant of the time given for the preparation of the manual and its urgent need for immediate
use by the client, rapid assessment technique has been chosen as a strategic approach to
prepare the manual. Accordingly, the following methods have been pursued:
• Available printed and non-printed relevant materials have been reviewed especially
to derive lessons from international and national experiences on the issues under
consideration. The materials reviewed covered planning books, laws, regulations,
policies, study documents etc,
• First hand information has been gathered on same issues from the four regional
states of Oromiya, Amhara, SNNPR and Tigray. The relevant government offices of
the regional states have been interviewed, requested to fill out questionnaires and
participated in focus group discussions,
• More importantly, accumulated knowledge of pioneer urban professionals has been
effectively used by including them in the study team, and
• Series of brainstorming sessions, in-house presentations and debates were also
arranged among multi-disciplinary urban professionals to enrich the study.
1.5 How to use the Manual

The manual is meant to serve urban professionals working at all levels of urban centers. The
first part of the Manual, which briefly discusses concepts, principles, strategies and standards,
should be clearly understood before embarking on the preparation of the manual.
In using the manual, urban professionals are highly advised to seriously examine their local
conditions and adapt some of the prescriptions stated in the manual to their contexts. All
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activities and actions stated in the manual are not necessarily mandatory to every urban
context. This, however, doesn’t mean that most of the activities and actions stated in the manual
are not useful to all conditions; and therefore they should be strictly followed for successful LDP
preparation and implementation
1.6 Content of the Manual

In the first part of the document, the concepts of LDP, principles and strategies that should be
applied in the preparation and implementation of LDP have been stated. The manual has also
tried to incorporate international and national practices of LDP preparation and implementation.
In the second part, all the necessary steps and procedures that should be followed to prepare
LDP (starting from preparatory activities through implementation up to monitoring and
evaluation) have been provided in an orderly manner. The third part presents model formats
and standards to be used in the LDP planning process.
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2. REVIEW OF PRACTICES
2.1. General
All over the world, urban areas are always operating under a pressure of continuous changes.
As economic and social fabrics of urban areas constantly change over time, importance and
spatial organization of urban functions are also undergoing similar changes. Along the course of
this constant change, City Governments make various efforts to influence, guide and lead the
development of urban centers along a sustainable path. To this end, different urban plans are
used widely as tools of urban management and become part and parcel of their day–to–day
management routings.
Depending on local contexts and planning systems in place, different planning approaches are
pursued in different cities/towns. For instance, in some cities, broad development goals are
framed by long-term urban plans, while specific development issues are governed by detail
urban planning norms & standards. In other cases, different plans with varied levels and
hierarchies are used together in such a way that one complements the other.
These days, in most cities of the world, three major planning hierarchies, in a top-down
hierarchy, are distinguished: ,
• a city-wide long term urban plan (master plan, development plan, structure plan, etc),
• a city-wide medium term strategic/integrated development plan, and
• a local development plan (plan that refers to a specific geographic location)
2.2 International Practices

LDP takes different forms and names in various countries. In USA, for instance, it is referred to
as Specific Plan whereas in the Netherlands and Germany it is dubbed as Local Land Use Plan
and Local Development Plan respectively. In UK, it is referred to as Local Plan while in Uganda
it is called Zonal Plan.
In USA, Specific Plan (SPP) of an urban area consists of different urban plans, policy
statements & regulations pertaining to development of that particular urban area and ensures
the integration between individual development proposals and broad development goals set in a
general development plan of a city/town (Eisner, et al, 1993). The physical plan component of
the SPP diagrammatically depicts detail land-use plans, right-of-way of infrastructure networks
and public spaces to be protected, while details of development programs, regulations & policy
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provisions, implementation strategies and public work finances are presented in the text
component of the SPP.
LDP in Germany presents detail spatial plan of an urban area designated for a specific
development program. The urban plan is supplemented with implementation strategies which
outline the development proposals, policy statements, financial and institutional frameworks in
detail regarding development of that particular urban area.
In the Netherlands, a municipal council is required to draw up a local land use plan for part of a
municipality. The plan is legally binding and serves as one of the grounds upon which the
municipality decides whether or not to issue a building permit in a specific area. The local land
use plan also provides the legal basis for:
• Construction permit;
• Obliging private developers to contribute to
the costs of providing certain public services;
• Claiming compensation for loss of value;
• Compulsory purchase;
Besides these legal functions, the local land use plan has the formal function of giving legal
certainty to citizens (landowners) and private developers with respect to the spatial development
of a certain area.
In the Netherlands, a local land use plan comprises of:

• A description of the designated land uses contained in the plan, including an
indication of the goal(s) for each designation;
• (If necessary), regulations on the use of land and buildings;
• (If necessary), regulations that the Municipal Executives or the Municipal Council
should observe while drawing up or modifying the plan and granting exception or
imposing further requirements.
A local land use plan is accompanied by an explanation, setting out the ideas that form the
basis of the plan and results of relevant research, consultation and participation procedures. A
local land use plan may be drawn up in detail or in general terms.
The experiences of Kampala (Uganda), Durban (South Africa) and Dar es Salaam
(Tanzania) may serve as good reference to see the variety of approaches in LDPs. For
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instance, in Kampala, LDP is referred to as Zonal Plan and prepared at Parish level.1 The
Kampala zonal plans provide a framework for development of urban components relevant to
Parish and are composed of detail land-use plans and written provisions. The written provisions
of Kampala Zonal Plans constitute a legal code governing the administration and enforcement
of the plan.
In Durban, Local Plans are developed in two phases; first, the spatial development framework
designed in a way that contains,
• the key spatial characteristics, trends and issues;
• the key spatial elements and policy guidelines to be considered in future
development of an urban area
• spatial development parameters, norms & standards.
As the process of developing the spatial development framework is completed, the second
phase, which is the process of developing implementation strategies and action plans, follows.
Here it seems important to note that, in Durban, the actions considered in local plan of a locality
are to be prioritized before the process of detail plan preparation commences. Moreover, in
planning system of Durban, LDPs are linked with municipal budgets of the metropolitan
government.
Since 1999, the Dar es Salaam City has made a paradigm shift in its urban planning from
Master Planning to a Strategic Urban Development Frameworks.2 According to the Dar es
Salaam urban planning system, two city-level binding urban plans are distinguished; i.e.
• Strategic Urban Development Framework and
• Strategic Development Action Plans (Issues)
The Strategic Urban Development Framework provides broad development goals and long-term
strategic development frameworks, while the key development issues that need to be
addressed during a specific planning period are spelt out in Strategic Development Action
Plans. On the other hand, citywide strategic plans can hardly be implemented without detail
local development plans. In Dar es Salaam, the task of preparing such detail local plans is left
for the discretion of local governments just to give sufficient rooms for flexibilities. Indeed, loca
plans prepared by local governments should be in congruence with citywide development
frameworks.
1
Republic of Uganda, Ministry of Lands, Housing & Physical Planning (1994), The Kampala Structure
Plan: Prepared by John van Nostrand Associations Ltd., Kampala, Uganda
2
Strategic Urban Development Planning .Framework for the city of Dar es Salaam.1999
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Key Lessons
The following lessons can be drawn from experiences of cities discussed above.
• Implementation of citywide urban development plans is unlikely without their
complement of detail local development plans,
• Local plans should contain both proposed plans and policy statements (legal provisions)
which are required to enforce implementation of plans
• The role of local urban actors is crucial in the preparation and implementation process of
LDPs
2.3. Local Practices

The practice of LDP evolved as distinct planning component during the Addis Ababa Master
Plan Revision process (1998 – 2002). Since then, this planning component has been
considered as an important planning tool and is practiced in few urban centers, namely, Addis
Ababa, Adama, Dessie, Dire Dawa and Mekele.
Indeed prior to revision of the Addis Ababa Master Plan, efforts were made to prepare detail
plans for area developments as planning tools for implementation of former master plans. For
instance, following the completion of the 1986 Addis Ababa Master Plan, detail plans were
prepared for different districts. Greater Mekanisa District Detail Plan, Keranio District Detail Plan
and Gerji Detail Plan and Megenagna Ketena Center Plans are some of these detail plans.
Apart from these, various regional bureaus and municipalities, in collaboration with the NUPI,
now FUPI, have made similar efforts to develop detail implementation plans for different towns,
among which, detail plans of Axum, are worth mentioning.
The introduction of detail urban planning concept and practice in the 1986 Addis Ababa Master
Plan has made a significant contribution towards the evolution of LDP in the Ethiopian urban
planning system. Recognition of ‘District Plan’ and ‘Detail Plan’ as distinct component of the City
Master Plan has also facilitated development of planned neighborhoods in the Capital. The
developments of Mekanissa, Keraniyo, Lafto and Kotebe expansion areas as well as renewal of
Kazanchis area are worth mentioning.
evertheless, these local plans were largely spatial/physical with little focus on socio-economic,
institutional, financial and legal issues. Apart from this, earlier area development plans were
predominantly project-based (construction of road network, development of settlement or
industrial estates), which were drafted directly from general development/master plan of a
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city/town. Since these district plans were not accompanied by the necessary implementation
strategies, their subsequent implementations were haphazard and suffered from absence of
basic urban facilities. As a result, significant number of residents is left without access to water,
electricity and road connection.
Types of Implementation Plan Prepared in line with the 1986 Addis Ababa Master Plan
District Plan:
A diagrammatic view of the area showing the main relations between areas with surroundings and
with the whole urban system in general at the scale of 1:1000 and 1:2000 and a written statement
about the plan and its conformity with the master plan.
Subject Plan:
It contains a detailed treatment of particular/ specific planning aspects in the urban area. I.e. quarry
site, historical building.
Action Area Plan:

The action area plan will accompany the implementation program; it deals with actions that can be
realistically undertaken in specific time span. E.g. plan for new development, plan for urban renewal
and upgrading, etc.
Cognizant of this very fact, Office for the Revision of Addis Ababa Master Plan Project
(ORAAMP) came up with a new framework for LDP which rectifies major drawbacks of the
former detail planning approaches. As a result, LDPs introduced in Addis Ababa after revision of
the City Master Plan are quite different in scope and content from the detail area plans practiced
earlier. In the recent LDPs, detail spatial plans, major proposals of socio-economic
development, the necessary implementation instruments (financial, institutional, legal) and
strategies are provided. Apart from this, social, economic, environmental and financial
consequences of the LDPs are presented together with proposals of coping strategies. The
major approaches pursued in LDP preparation in Addis Ababa are summarized hereunder.
Initiation: in principle initiation for preparation of LDP for a specific area could come either from
government, private investor or from the community. In the case of Addis Ababa, however, so far
LDPs are prepared largely based on the City Government initiatives. In this respect, the revised
structure plan of the City clearly states that if one of the following conditions is fulfilled, LDP could
be prepared for a portion of the city.
• Problem pressure: deterioration of social, economic and physical fabrics
• Development pressure: major investment proposals in pipeline
• Strategic Location: Potential to trigger further development
• Ease of implementation: availability of adequate infrastructure services
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Goal setting: The goal depends on the area where LDPs are prepared, i.e. business area,
industrial area, and residential area. The problems and opportunities identified through
assessment help as corner stones for developing LDP goals. In addition to these, major
development directions provided in the structure plan served to refine the goals. The overall
goal of an LDP is given from the City Government, then planners translate these general
directions into workable goal.
Vision: International experiences strongly suggest that LDP visioning should be done with
strong stakeholders’ participation. In line with this belief, efforts were made to involve relevant
stakeholders in visioning process of earlier LDPs. The visioning processes of Mercato and
Piaza are worth noting in this regard. However, these efforts couldn’t continue as LDP visions
turned out to be merely technocrats driven.
Conceptual Framework: Visioning is usually followed by development of conceptual

framework. The concepts are mainly translated and presented in spatial forms. Indeed, though
spatial alternatives are emphasized in LDP concepts, general ideas regarding forthcoming
socio-economic developments are also embodied. Furthermore, the concept plan explains the
merits and demerits of different alternatives and provides a rough cost-benefit analysis to
enhance informed decisions.
Approval: Few of the earlier LDPs prepared by ORAAMP were endorsed by the then BWUD.
Though the City Government planning law requires formal approval of LDPs by the council
before they proceed into implementation process, none of the LDPs prepared in the city so far
received a formal approval of the council, but almost all entered into implementation.
Implementation: In Addis Ababa, the spatial detail of LDPs doesn’t go beyond block levels.
This is so mainly because implementation of LDPs was assumed to start with the City
Government’s proactive development measures in LDP areas by implementing proposed public
works at block levels (particularly infrastructure networks) where as private investments were
assumed to follow thereof. However, such public development measures were seldom in Addis
since LDPs have been introduced. As a result, private investments couldn’t take place as
desired and envisaged in the LDPs.
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Fig 2. Sample LDP from Merkato, Addis Ababa
Contents of the plan
Due to high prevalence of resettlement

and the dominance of market function
in the area, the study has different
components: social, economic and
physical. Programs and proposals are
forwarded in each component
Outputs
Major regulations The outputs of the lDP exercise are:
A report that explains the whole
The regulation focuses on the following physical proposals in the specific areas,
development issues. Maps in different scales: the road
Road width; network, land use, environment map
Land use; and rules and regulation maps
Built up area; 3D Model.
Building line;
Building height;
Special building character
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Lessons Learned
The following lessons can be drawn from local experiences
• The importance of community participation during LDP initiation for the subsequent
smooth preparation and implementation. It was clearly observed that without active
community and stakeholders’ participation from plan initiation through planning and
implementation, one would end up in either plan-to-shelves or strong opposition from
the community under consideration.
• There is a need to give equal attention to both socio-economic development aspects
and physical and spatial development issues in preparing LDPs for achieving
integrated urban development. Most of the LDPs so far prepared had focused more
on spatial and physical planning particularly in their implementation phase. This has
led to little socio-economic and governance improvements of the localities under
consideration. Therefore, the socio-economic aspects of the area under
consideration should get equal attention to fill the gap so far observed.
• Participation of all stakeholders and creating consensus among them throughout the
LDP preparation process.
• The need to clarify roles of various actors in the implementation of LDPs is crucial.
One of the main factors that contributes to the failure of LDP implementation is the
missing of specific actor or responsible body for each proposal.
• The missing link between LDP proposals and city government budget or absence of
viable financial strategies for implementation is one of the key challenges.
• LDPs should get formal approval before implementation process commences.
The 5 years (2005/6-2009/10) PASDEP urban component states various programs and actions
such as housing, MSEs, land development and infrastructure and services program. Moreover,
it envisages Small Towns’ Development Program targeted at small towns with population less
than 20,000. The implication is that these small towns need urgent LDP to enhance their
programs and projects.
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3. CONCEPTION, GENERAL PROVISIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS

3.1 Conception and Principles
3.1.1. Key Issues and Concepts
LDP is a detail development plan of a defined locality. LDP is a statutory instrument that zooms
out the general and broader proposals of a structure plan of an urban center. It serves as a
transition between a structure plan and projects in the process of implementation of urban
plans.
The key elements of an LDP include, detail land-use plan of the area (two and three
dimensional); proposals of major infrastructure networks; proposals of key socio-economic
measures; implementation strategies; regulations; standards & norms. The integration of these
elements can be illustrated in diagram as follows.
LDP is an element and integral part of an urban planning system (Fig 1) of an urban center.
System of urban planning refers to a set of policies, laws, statutory plans, norms and standards
as well as institutional and financial frameworks placed in a particular urban center for
preparation, approval, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of urban plans.
Hence, if LDP is to fit into such a system, it needs to be linked with other urban planning
components in the system. LDP of a given locality of a town should stem, first of all, from the
town structure plan, and needs to fit into existing urban planning and development policies, laws
and regulations (both federal and regional) and be linked and integrated with other development
programs and strategies set by government of the respective town.
A local plan deals with local issues (physical, social, economic), which refers to a definite spatial
unit whose boundary may or may not coincide with the formal administrative boundary. The size
or geographical limit of an area to be covered in LDP can vary from one case to another
depending on the level and complexity of the urban center. In this regard, it seems important to
note that the size of a geographical unit to be covered in an LDP would be wider in urban
centers with less complex urban set ups than in cities or large towns where local issues are
more complex.
The content of LDPs needs to cover physical, economic and social fabrics of an urban area.
The scope of the plan should also include a brief presentation of existing situation, development
proposals for the area in question, implementation strategies for the proposed development
actions, mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating the implementation process.
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3.1.2 Key Principles and the IDP Approach Adopted

Integrated Plan: LDP is not an isolated issue that stands alone; rather it forms an integral part
of the urban system that exists in a specific urban center. LDP of an area is required to fit into
the overall development vision, strategies and development plans of that particular urban center
as a whole. For instance, infrastructure networks or development projects in a specific LDP area
need to be integrated with citywide networks or development programs. Moreover, different
components of LDP proposals (physical, economic, social, financial and institutional, etc) should
be integrated with each other and designed in a holistic way. Integrated approach is one of the
basic principles to be emphasized in due course of LDP preparation.
Participatory Planning: The other important principle that deserves due emphasis in LDP
preparation is participatory planning approach, which lays down a strong foundation for its
implementation. Participation of relevant stakeholders is vital at different steps where critical
decisions are made (for instance, at a time when local development agenda are defined, while
LDP proposals are developed, and when the LDP is approved). In the process, sector
departments within the municipality that have a stake in implementing the plan, local
communities who would be affected by implementation of the LDP, potential private developers
who would have strong interest in LDP implementation, donors, professionals, policy makers,
have to take part.
Plan for Performance: LDP is more than a statutory plan. It is expected to bring the overall
development goals and strategies of structure plan closer to concrete development
programs/projects. To this effect, LDPs need to be linked firmly with municipal budgets as well
as with concrete development programs/projects of a municipal government. A well-defined
implementation strategy is thus not an option but rather a critical element of LDPs.
Sustainability: LDPs should be perceived and fit into national, regional and local contexts
properly so as to be sustainable. Further, LDPs are supposed to respond both to future and
current development needs of a locality, thus, striking the right balance between the two.
Moreover, proposals of an LDP have to be visible within the context of local capacities
(financial, technical, institutional and local economy) for effectiveness of implementation.
Accommodative Plan: Proposals of LDPs should accommodate needs and interests of local
communities as well as the existing local urban functions and characters. Proposals that
completely presuppose new urban fabrics in lieu of existing local urban functions could hardly
succeed, mainly due to the huge social and economic costs.
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3.1.3 The Key LDP Development Frames

Local development doesn't take place in a vacuum; development pattern and pace of a specific
locality is influenced by both external and internal factors. Situation of national and regional
economies, existing legislatives, policies, population dynamics, economic profile of local
communities as well as competence of government agencies operating in a given locality are
important factors that form its development context. Accordingly, the restraining and reinforcing
impacts of these factors should be analyzed properly and thereby taken as input in the process
of LDP development.
3.2. General Provisions and Considerations
3.2.1 General Provisions

In general, the provisions presented hereunder are general guides that can be considered and
adopted in LDP planning & implementation processes. As such, the provisions should not be
considered as prescription of compulsory applications regardless of contextual variations.
Regardless of diversities and specificities in character and contexts of urban centers in the
country, physical standards, planning procedures and techniques are common for all urban
levels.
Depending on location and specific character of an LDP site, different approaches can be
followed in different project sites or urban areas. I.e.
• Detail of an LDP study can go deep into the level of detail implementation plan in
expansion areas or where the LDP is prepared for implementation projects. In this
situation the LDP would proceed directly into implementation process with no need for
further detail study.
• Since specific projects and detail plans are required for implementation of LDPs in
inner city areas, block level LDPs suffice in built up inner city areas.
• For Small Towns, the LDP and the SP may coincide. There may not be need to
prepare separate SP and LDP.
Factors that obstruct implementation of LDPs should be minimized as much as possible

• LDP Area Coverage: the main purpose of LDP is to pave the way for implementation of
citywide structure plans. Thus, it does not make sense to prepare LDP for the whole city
at a time rather priority should be given for strategic locations where prompt
development is likely to happen.
20
• Administrative Boundary: Unless good planning reasons dictate, it is better to take an

LDP site that falls within one administrative boundary (Sub-city or Kebele)and that
includes existing socio-economic networks such as Iddir, Ekub, market place, etc, for
ease of planning and implementation process.
• Physical Barriers: In LDP area delineation, avoid an LDP site intercepted by major
physical barriers such as trunk roads, mountains, gorges, etc.
• General Land use Considerations: Specify only prohibited land-uses
Within the land use proposals indicate only prohibited functions. This would allow possibilities to
consider alternative functions in case the proposed urban function fails to come.
Basic Urban Design Elements: The ultimate goal of an LDP and its subsequent
implementation is to create an urban form that defines the living pattern of dwellers. Therefore,
the preparation of LDP should consider the final three-dimensional effects of the action areas.
The elements of urban design are listed here:
• Aesthetics
• Building blocks
• The space between buildings
• The function and use of space
• Facades, skyline and silhouette
• Street pattern, road design and parking
Public Participation: Full participation of stakeholders in planning process of LDPs paves the
way for effective implementation, since it enhances sense of ownership among key
stakeholders and provides opportunities to capture the interest of the community at large.
However, participation of stakeholders should go beyond formalities; rather it should provide
stakeholders with opportunities to influence decisions in favor of their future.
Scope of LDP Study: The scope of an LDP study needs to cover both the ‘Planning Area and
Action Area’, with different levels of details.
• Planning Area: The major physical, social, economic and environmental links that
exist between the LDP ‘action area’ and its surrounding influence areas should be
21
scanned and analyzed in general terms. This will help to determine how development
of the action area is to be connected and harmonized with its immediate influence
areas.
• Action area:- This is the area where concrete LDP implementation is supposed to
occur. Both the study and ensuing proposals need to be detail and specific as much as
possible.
Integration of LDPs with other Development Programs: As discussed earlier, LDP is one
element in a given urban planning system which needs to be designed in a way that
complements other development strategies and be implemented in conjunction with other
development programs underway at national, regional and city levels. In this respect, LDPs
should establish a strong link with city structure/development plans, sector development
programs and other development strategies carried at all levels of the government hierarchy
(national, regional, local).
• Sector Plans: Since LDP consists of development proposals to be undertaken by

different municipal or sectoral departments, consensus should be reached with the
key development agencies (like ETC, EEPCO, WSA) regarding the execution of
development proposals in their respective sectors.
• Structure Plan: The major development frameworks and goals provided in a city
structure plan have to be well taken in LDPs; i.e. LDPs should not disregard the key
frameworks of a structure plan and generate proposals that contravene with overall
visions of city structure plans.
• Urban Development Strategies: One of the main purposes of detail plans, such as
LDPs, is to translate national, regional and citywide Urban Development Strategies
into reality. Accordingly, proposals of LDPs should adequately capture government
development agendas relevant to the city/town in which the LDPs are prepared. For
instance, promotion of MSEs and low cost houses provision can be emphasized, in
this regard.
Revising LDPs: LDPs are more close to a development process as compared to other citywide
plans, such as a structure plan. Apart from this, the statutory attribute of LDP entails an element
of rigidity in it. Accordingly, a timely readjustment is required to LDP in a way that catches up
the changing urban dynamics. Hence, LDP revision is mandatory when some of the following
conditions are apparent:
22
• If the major assumptions of LDP have changed;

• If the proposed land uses are no longer relevant due to too much changes on the
ground;
• If a wide gap prevails between proposals and existing reality
• If there are lots of questions from the public.
3.2.2 Urban Level Classifications
Level of LDP details, type of urban planning standards to be applied as well as type and
contents of urban data to be collected vary among different levels of urban centers. Accordingly,
to facilitate this process, five levels of urban centers are distinguished based on population size
as follows.
• Small Towns ---------- with population from 2001 to 20,000
• Medium Towns --------- With population of 20,001-50,000
• Large Towns ---------- with population 50,001 – 100,000
• Cities ----------- with population 100,001 – 1,000,000
• Metropolitans ----------- with population over one million
As stated earlier, in small towns, LDPs need to be prepared in a way that can be implemented
directly. Thus, LDP studies in these urban centers should be detailed enough. That means,
• Socio-economic and property data should be collected and analyzed in a way that
would serve as basis for subsequent practical measures such as compensation,
resettlement, etc.
• Spatial plans should be detail enough to guide specific development activities in the
area of land and infrastructure development
3.2.3 Data Collection and Analysis Considerations

The Need for Data Collection: Since LDPs are plans that translate broader goals and
strategies of a structure plan into localized and concrete development proposals, collection and
analysis of information are also localized and more concrete.
Collection and analysis of basic data on different urban fabrics of the area provide the factual
basis of LDPs, which in turn make informed development choices possible, while proposals
derived from informed decisions are close to the reality.
Data Types and Sources: Depending on the level of the specific urban center, the detail of
LDP can vary from one case to another. Since the degree of urban complexities in large cities
necessitate further specific projects for implementation, the level of LDP details may not go
beyond block plans. General data obtained from secondary sources may suffice for preparation
23
of LDPs in towns of urban level 3 and above. But this doesn’t refer to LDP of expansion areas,
because in expansion areas, the detail of LDPs should go as far as the level of parcellation
where primary data are vital.
LDPs in towns under urban level 1 and 2 should be detail enough for implementation. For this
reason, the data collection is required to be at household and firm level. Information on the
Structure Plan of the urban center are the points of departure. In this respect, zoning/land use
plan, road network plan, service plan, etc suggested for that specific locality need due
emphasis.
Minimum Institutional Requirement: As any other urban plans, effectiveness and

sustainability of LDPs call for the existence of specific government agency responsible for
issues of urban planning in a given urban center; but this doesn’t mean that such institutional
set up is feasible at all level of urban centers, or all municipal governments need to have their
own force to undertake LDPs. In this regard, outsourcing or supports from regional governments
could be considered as alternative options. However, consideration for such institutional options
doesn’t necessarily rule out the requirement for LDPs implementation capacity in urban centers
at all levels. Accordingly, existence of a planning unit is a minimum requirement for considering
an LDP in a given urban center.
24
PART II
THE
PROCEDURE
MANUAL
25
Introduction
The previous part of this manual gives the background, concepts, principles, standards and
considerations within which to apply the manual. This part of the manual gives a road map that
guides users through eight phases of planning, each phase broken down into major tasks and
the tasks into detailed activities and actions. Each task is followed by ‘Tips’ (to expose
approaches and examples how to do the task)
The eight planning phases are:
• Preparatory Phase
• Data Collection and Analysis Phase
• Strategies Phase
• Proposals Phase
• Integration Phase
• Appraisal and Approval Phase
• Implementation Phase
• Monitoring and Evaluation Phase
At the end of each phase expected deliverables and key checkup questions have been
included. This will enable the involved planners to monitor and evaluate each planning phase
and check whether that particular phase has met its objectives before proceeding to the next
phase.
Here it seems important to note that the width and breadth of preparatory works in this regard
depends on complexity of the urban systems in a particular city/town. Bearing this in mind, the
following steps are aimed to provide a general applicable sequence for the process of preparing
LDP.
26
PHASE 1: PREPARATORY WORKS

The main purpose of the preparatory works is to make the key decision-makers and actors
aware of the necessary preparations that need to be made prior to commencement of the
project.
TASK 1. INITIATION AND AWARENESS CREATION

Activity 1: Initiate LDP
Submit the initial proposal to a relevant municipal department
Review the proposal and submit to higher relevant officials for consideration
Get agreement of the higher official
Activity 2: Organize Stakeholders (use format No.1)
Identify the major stakeholders
Conduct stakeholder analysis
Set up a SC, RF and TC.
Activity 3: Conduct public awareness campaign
Generate brainstorming agendas from ongoing LDP initiatives
Conduct SWOT analysis on general development issues of the area in question
Generate preliminary general vision, goals and objectives of the ongoing LDP
initiative
Reach consensus with key stakeholders regarding the need for having LDP
Generate minutes of understanding from preceding stakeholder forums
Activity 4: Conduct rapid assessment and set local development agenda
Review relevant planning documents, reports and studies and thereby generate the
key issues that call for planning response
Undertake overall scan on existing situation in the would be LDP area
Synthesize major issues coming out from preceding public forums, document
review and situation scanning
Define the key development agenda for the would be LDP area
27
Tips to the Tasks

The first initiative of undertaking LDP for a specific urban area may come from municipal
government, a private developer or from local community. As the initiative emerges, it needs
to be shaped by a relevant municipal department in a way that briefly states the key problems
to be addressed and the institutional and financial implications. The initiatives should be
evaluated against the PASDEP Urban Component focusing on the contribution towards job
creation and poverty eradication. Then the issue is formally submitted to the mayor/respective
official through an appropriate municipal department. As the agenda gets approval of the
mayor/respective official, then the forum will be organized by the department. The forums
should be opened and attended by the mayor/appropriate officials to show commitment of the
municipal government. The department is to report outcome and summary of the discussions.
After the summary report is reviewed by appropriate officials, a go ahead instruction is
expected from the municipal government to proceed into the next step.
In reviewing documents, primarily start with existing plans and data previously collected.
Existing Structure Plans, previous LDP attempts and other projects in the area or in the
neighboring localities help in defining the framework for planning.
In identifying and analyzing stakeholders, the type and scope of LDP will play determining
role. If the LDP is concerning only a neighborhood or a local issue (e.g. a housing upgrading,
or local roads upgrading,) the stakeholders will be identified among those local residents and
those with special interest in the project. If the LDP addresses an issue of wider concern (e.g.
a bus terminal or a market center, etc.) the stakeholders will be identified from representatives
TASK 2. PREPARATION AND APPROVAL OF PROJECT TOR

Once a general consensus is reached among the key actors regarding the need for and
purpose of the LDP, the next issue would be how to go about it; hence the purpose of
this task is to provide a road map for the whole LDP process. To this end, the following
activities and actions should be accomplished.
Activity 1: Prepare TOR of the Project
Set objectives of the Plan
Define scope of the Plan (spatial, sectoral, time frame)
Determine major activities to be covered
State approaches to be followed
Determine major deliverables that come out from the process
Identify responsible bodies for different issues in the process
Indicate resources required for the planning process (professional, financial,
machineries and equipment, office and other venues)
28
Activity 2: Approve the TOR

Make sure a strong political support exists
Get rubber stamp of the appropriate authority
Include budget allocation
Officially assign responsible body for the whole process
Approve organizational structure and staff of the LDP preparation Project
Tips to the Tasks

Examples of TOR Outline
Introduction/Background
Objective: The main objective of this Project is to provide a block level detail plan for
development X area in ____ town/city.
Scope of the project: Spatial scope of the project refers to ____ hectare of land that falls
within the LDP action area, as well as the surrounding planning areas that have strong
influence on development of the action area. Sectorally, the plan covers social, economic,
physical/environmental development aspects of the area as well as the institutional,
financial and legal frameworks which implementation of the forthcoming LDP calls for.
Activities: The activities to be undertaken may include,
• Assessment on existing situation of the area in question
• Organizing extensive stakeholder-forums
• Undertake detail plans, strategies and mechanisms for monitoring and
evaluation
• etc
Deliverable: Major deliverables of the project are,
• A shared vision for development of X area
• Concrete goals to be achieved with implementation the LDP
• Strategies for implementation, monitoring and evaluation
• etc
Required Resources
• Human
• Financial
• Institutional
• etc.
Action plan: Weekly/Monthly milestones corresponding with the major activities
29
TASK 3. PROCUREMENT OF PROJECT LOGISTICS & HUMAN

RESOURCES
The purpose of this task is to start the planning process with organized project input and
thereby to enable the project proceed smoothly. The procurement can take place in one
of the following institutional options.
Option 1: To carry out the Project by Own-force

Activity 1: Establish the Project office
Issue legal notice/act for establishment of the project
Approve the project structure and budget
Assign ‘Project Manager’ with core staff required for project kick-off
Activity 2: Procure project logistics
Arrange an appropriate working space/office
Procure required equipment, machineries and office supplies
Hire/assign the necessary project staffs
Option 2: A Project to be outsourced
Activity 1: Prepare a tender document
Issue a Request for Proposal (RfP)
Make sure that the proposals include technical and financial proposal
Activity 2: Process the tender and sign a contract agreement
Attach TOR of the project
Post the tender notice on accessible media to all potential bidders
Open the tender in the presence of bidders/legal delegates
Assign a specific technical team that evaluates the technical proposal
Notify the bidding result by posting on appropriate notice board
Notify the bidding result by posting on appropriate notice board
Sign a contract with the winning partner
30
Tips to the Tasks

• The project staffing, in case of option one, can be made by drawing
permanent staff from relevant municipal departments, provided that the staff
assigned to the project have the required skill and would be relieved fully
from any other assignment. If sufficient office space and equipments are
available, additional procurement may not be required.
• In case of option two, tender document preparation is critical and requires
proper attention. Strong technical team has to be assigned for preparation
and evaluation of the tender document. Apart from this, while we opt for
outsourcing we need to make sure that the municipality will be able to
supervise activities of the consultant efficiently.
TASK 4. DEVELOP OPERATIONAL/ACTION PLAN

The purpose of this task is to translate TOR of the Project into detail activity plan and
thereby enable relevant actors aware of their respective responsibilities by providing
detail information regarding what action is to be done when, by whom and what
deliverable is expected at the end of each activity
Activity 1: Detail out the activity plan (Refer to Format in the Annex)
Prepare detail operational plan that translates the TOR into detail activities
Identify the critical milestones to be reached at different points in time
Detail out activities with corresponding time frame, responsible body and
expected output of the respective activity,
Major Deliverables
• Approved project TOR
• Organized project management body
Key Checkup questions
1. Is the LDP under consideration perceived a priority by all stakeholders?
2. How far is every key actor aware of and committed to discharge his/her
respective role in the LDP processes?
3. Is there a strong political commitment behind undertaking of this LDP?
4. Is the TOR clear and complete enough?
31
PHASE 2: DATA COLLECTION & ANALYSIS
The major purpose of this phase is to collect the necessary data required and to identify the
gaps to inform the LDP planning process
TASK 1. MOBILIZE FOR DATA COLLECTION

The purpose of this task is to make sure that every preparatory work, formats, etc are in
order before data collectors are mobilized.
Activity 1: Make sure the necessary tools for data collection are ready
Duplicate data collection formats given in appendix 1 below
Prepare detailed data collection action plan
Organize necessary logistics such as transport services, stationeries, etc
Activity 2: Launch the data collection process
Give orientation to data collectors about their assignment
Team-up the data collectors
Publicize launching of the data collection process through appropriate means (media,
notice board, etc)
Mobilize data collectors
Activity 3: Formally inform the data collection program to key data sources and
collaborators
Notify key facilitators with official letters that the data collection is underway; key
facilitators include
Kebele administrations
Idirs and other CBOs in the locality
Provide data collectors with a ‘to whom it may concern’ official letter
Tips to the task

• The data collection formats may be checked against and synchronized with the
ongoing programs focusing on poverty alleviation and job creation.
• To make sure that every preparation is finalized, the project manager/coordinator
should receive a written report/proof from respective sections, and then the
manager/coordinator needs to disseminate the information, officially, to working teams
32
• To commence the data collection process,

- The project manager is to give a general guideline to data collectors
- Working-teams and team coordinator are notified with official letters
- Details of transport servich mobilization schedules are disseminated both to
working-teams and general service department
• The data collection process can be notified to key data sources through.
- Official letters
- Appropriate media (radio, news papers, kebeles and idirs)
- Notices, filers, pamphlets, etc
TASK 2: DATA COLLECTION (Use Formats in Annex I)

The main purpose of this task is to provide subsequent planning phases with factual basis
regarding local, regional and national contexts relevant to the LDP area
Activity 1: Collect the relevant socio-economic data
Collect demographic data by using data collection formats
Collect Social information by using data collection formats
Collect the key economic data by using data collection formats
Activity 2: Collect the relevant physical/spatial and environmental data
Prepare topographic maps in 1:2000 or 1:2000 scale
Collect the existing detailed land use data and indicate on the prepared map
Indicate the existing housing condition (Good, Fair, Bad)
Identify and locate MSEs in the areas
Locate the existing road network and indicate their right of ways
Describe the existing functions of the roads
Indicate the type traffic and the flow
Locate major utility lines
Electric lines, manholes, transformers, etc
Telephone lines, cable cabinets, manholes, etc
Water lines, manholes, reservoirs, etc
Collect infrastructure future projects data from the relevant institutions and locate
them on the map
Activity 3: Collect the necessary institutional information
Undertake a field survey and take lists of institutions operating in the LDP area
33
Review relevant secondary sources (Kebeles, sub cities, Idirs,) and discuss with
key informants regarding functions and objectives of institutions operating in the
area
Organize the information informant in the Annex.
Activity 4: Collect the necessary legal information

Consult the appropriate institutions/experts (in the municipal legal department)
regarding existing legal instruments relevant to the LDP area and gaps in legal
frameworks
Take list of relevant legal documents from these sources
Identify the legislatives that have direct relevance with the LDP purpose
Organize the information in format provided in the Annex.
Activity 5: Collect the necessary financial information
Identify the major sources of finance for the ongoing projects
Indicate possible sources of finance (private, public, CBOs, NGIs, etc)
Tips to the task

• Depending on sources and types of data to be collected by using formats given
in the appendix,
- Opinions of individuals can be collected directly from the respective
informant either through interview or by disseminating questionnaires
- For secondary data, data collectors should review relevant reports,
studies, correspondences, minutes, archival documents, etc
• Depending on size of data sources, the data collection can cover the whole
population or be limited to representative samples.
- If the data source is small, better to take the whole population
- In case of big data source, sample approach is preferable
• In the course of data collection, summary of explanatory notes should be
organized immediately not to let information disappear as time goes on.
34
TASK 3: DATA ANALYSIS

Activity 1: Compile collected data systematically
Encode the empirical information in appendix 1
Tally the qualitative information
Interpret the data organized, and attach the necessary explanatory notes
Site sources of data properly
Activity 2: Analyze economic fabrics and identify the gaps
Identify the main economic stay of residents in the LDP area;
Identify local households by level of income and type of occupation,
Identify working age population by employment status (employment, unemployment in
%)
Identify the most competitive sectors and sub-sectors in local economy,
Identify major constraints to investment in the LDP area
Identify the potentials and constraints of MSE in the area
Identify role of informal economy in the area and informal business by type of activities,
by size of capital and employees
Identify the major economic fabrics in influence areas that have strong impact on
economy of the action area
Based on the foregoing analysis, identify the major gaps
The employment gap
The formal/Informal employment ratio
Size of families with income below poverty line
Activity 3: Analyze social fabrics and identify the gaps (format 5-5)
Identify the size of unmarried /married/ divorced persons
Identify the major social and cultural networks existing in the LDP area (Idir, Equb,
relatives and friends Mahibers, Youth, Women and Professional Associations etc.)
Identify the major crimes in the LDP area;
Identify the size of beggary
Identify the size of prostitution
Identify the level of juvenile delinquency
Identify the level of drug addiction (chat, shisha, etc)
Identify the level of sexual abuse and trafficking
Identify the level of streetism
35
Identify the level of burglary, robbery, theft, etc

Based on the foregoing analysis, identify
Major social problems specific to the LDP area
Social problems which call for urgent response, which can be dealt with
locally and that require city-level/supra city solutions
Activity 4: Analyze spatial/physical and environmental information
Compare the existing land-use vis-à-vis the land use plan proposed in the structure
plan by using topographic map with appropriate scale and identify the gaps
Analyze the slope condition, soil condition and accessibility of existing open space,
green area and public spaces
Identify critical traffic congestion and accident spots
Identify key problems of infrastructure networks (water, power, telephone)
Identify key problems of solid and liquid waste in the LDP area
Identify key problems of open spaces and greenery
Identify potential threats of natural catastrophe (land slide, flooding, seismic)
Activity 5: Analyze existing institutional frameworks within LDP implementation
scope
Analyze the capacity of municipal agencies relevant for planning & implementation of
LDPs
Identify availability of potential partner in non-public sectors for implementation of the
LDP
Identify the missing institutional elements for effective implementation of the
forthcoming LDP
Based on the out come of the aforementioned institutional analysis, identify the major
institutional issues, which potentially constrain implementation of the LDP under
consideration
Activity 6: Analyze existing legal framework
Analyze urban development related regulations relevant and pertinent to effective
implementation of LDPs
Identify the major legal constraints that adversely impact on LDP implementation
Based on this, identify issues;
Which call for a prompt response for success of the LDP process
Which require a citywide response
36
Activity 7: Analyze existing financial framework for local development

Identify deficit of major infrastructure networks and public services in the LDP area
Estimate engineering cost of public investments required to fulfill existing service
gaps
Organize the information in format number F-1
Analyze past experiences of the city/town in financing local development projects
Explore alternative/potential sources of finance for local development projects
Identify the major issues in financing the LDP in question
Activity 8: Generate the key thematic issues to be presented on stakeholder
forums
Identify and elaborate the links as well as the cause-effect relationships that exist
between different sectoral problems (economic, social,
physical/spatial/environmental) distinguished by the foregoing analysis
Generate the major thematic issues that deserve emphasis
Activity 9: Undertake public discussion on preliminary conclusions and
thematic issues generated from the foregoing analysis
Present the preliminary findings to steering committee
Reach general consensus regarding issues to be emphasized in subsequent
planning process
Integrate inputs obtained from stakeholder forums and then generate revised
versions of key findings, with particular emphasis on,
Major urban planning elements missing in existing urban fabrics of the LDP
area
Incompatible land-uses or underutilized urban spaces in the LDP area
Substandard physical structures in the LDP area
Extent and features of urban decay (physical, social and economic)
Basic urban services in short supply and missing urban facilities in the area
Areas of loose links between the LDP and influence areas
Underutilized potentials of the LDP area
Major socio-economic challenges in the LDP area
Major threats to urban environment in the area
Strong urban values that need to be reinforced or capitalized
Urban fabrics that call for major restructuring in the LDP area
37
Tips to the Tasks

• Use formats presented in appendices to summarize numeric information
• Before you proceed to analysis of surveyed opinions, organize them in brief
statements
• From menu of summarized opinions, generate a check list of interrelated
issues and then put them in tabulation
• Based on summarized opinions & data, undertake a critical analysis and
then draw the key issues that need to be emphasized in subsequent
planning process
• without telling long theories or stories of LDPs, just dwell on major issues in
presenting the preliminary findings to stakeholders
• The collected and analyzed data shall be summarized and documented
(submitted to an information center or any other appropriate organ) for
future use.
Major Deliverables
• Collected and analyzed data
Key Checkup questions

1. Are the essential and key issues covered and captured in situation analysis?
2. Is there any issue not yet clear or uncertain?
3. Are the findings and information at hand adequate and reliable to make
decisions and planning choices?
4. Are the findings and conclusions of the foregoing analysis shared and owned by
the relevant stakeholders?
38
PHASE 3: DEVELOPING STRATEGIC OPTIONS
TASK 1: DEVELOP ALTERNATIVE PLANNING SCENARIOS AND

CONCEPTS
Activity 1: Develop shared vision for the LDP area
Undertake further SWOT analysis on thematic urban issues identified at
conclusion of PHASE 2
Reshape and concretize the vision for the LDP with involvement of relevant
stakeholders (Format No1.)
Restate the goals and objectives of the LDP
Activity 2: Translate/interpret the major findings into planning issues
Aggregate/integrate the major thematic issues under broad category of planning
components;
Develop a conceptual framework which integrates the major LDP components
Activity 3: Develop alternative conceptual frame
Develop alternative spatial conceptual plan under different scenarios;
Clearly articulate major components of the LDP in the conceptual plans
Conduct jury on developed planning concepts and scenarios
On the jury, evaluate proposed alternatives against
envisioned social, economic and physical developments as well as
aesthetics in the LDP area,
forecasts of urbanization cost and
foreseeable environmental impacts
Integrate jury feedbacks and make the necessary improvements;
39
TASK 2: DEVELOP STRATEGIES FOR VARIOUS LDP

COMPONENTS
Activity 1: Develop management strategy
Identify potential plan making and implementation institutions (exesting or new,
public or private)
Identify possible logistics and human resources;
Identify options for preparation of LDP other than public institutions
Indicate the optimal usage of the existing institutions;
See possibilities for upgrading of the existing institutions;
Identify options for partnership with private sector;
Activity 2: Develop financial strategies
Devise financial improvement strategies for the City Government;
Indicate how to secure resources from donors and NGOs;
Create public private partnership for financial sector development
Major Deliverables
• Shared vision
• Options for carrying out LDP
Key Checkup Questions
1. Are the vision and objectives refined corresponding with the gaps identified?
2. Are all possible management and financial options identified?
40
PHASE 4: PROPOSALS
This phase is a step where the LDP enters into recommending solutions; issues emerging from the
preceding phases are taken as basis for proposals. This process covers five major planning areas,
namely, socio economic, spatial, institutional, financial and legal aspects of the LDP. The key
principles of IDP are followed as principal approach in this process.
TASK 1: DETERMINE THE KEY PLANNING AND DESIGN TOOLS
Activity 1: Analyze how the identified development scenario can be taken into the
subsequent planning & design process
Identify the type of development to be considered for the LDP area under consideration
i.e.
Renewal development,
Upgrading development, or
New expansion development,
Select appropriate strategy and standard for identified development intervention based
on the manual specifically prepared for it.
Activity 2: Spell out list of items to be incorporated in the plan for each of the LDP
components vis-à-vis set standards
Prepare planning and design program (qualitative & quantitative list of accommodation)
by referring the key planning issues generated from the preceding planning processes;
Link set standards with the development issues and scenarios identified in activity #1
above;
Compile and analyze the detailed quantitative and qualitative planning elements to be
taken into account in each of the LDP components;
Reorganize systematically the required elements (requirements) into groups (clusters)
and units to simplify the next planning and design processes;
Make sure that harmony, compatibility and integrity exist among different LDP
components; and if need be, make necessary rectification accordingly;
Conduct internal jury on reorganized LDP elements and undertake the necessary
rectification as need arises;
Conduct discussions with the relevant stakeholders on outcomes of activity #2 and
integrate the feedbacks that may come out from stakeholders forum
41
Activity 3: Based on the planning ideas generated from activity 2 above, re-
develop concepts of each planning component
Prepare as many typologies for each unit as possible based on set standards;
Prepare as many combinations out of the many units as possible based on set
standard;
Put elements hierarchically from the general to the parts within the selected optimal
scenario following the existing context based on the standard;
Check uniformity and integration with the list of requirements prepared in activity #2;
and make rectification accordingly;
Check uniformity and integration among the component parts and make rectification
accordingly;
Conduct internal jury on the plan and make rectification accordingly;

Conduct participatory discussion on the output of activity #3 and make the necessary
rectification accordingly;
TASK 2. GENERATE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS

Activity 1: Determine economic proposals to fill the economic gaps
Recommend potential main stay of the residents
Propose potential household income and type of occupation
Propose potential size and category of employment to be generated
Propose major potential investments
Recommend actions to remove constraints of MSEs
Recommend the potentials of informal businesses
Recommend the formal/informal employment ratio
Recommend how to fill the gaps in the informal businesses
Activity 2: Determine social fabrics proposals
Recommend measures to minimize the ratio of unmarried/divorced persons
Recommend actions to solve problems of CBOs
Recommend measures to minimize crimes
Recommend measures to minimize beggary
Recommend measures to minimize prostitution
Recommend measures to minimize juvenile delinquency
Recommend measures to minimize drug addiction
Recommend measures to minimize sexual abuse and trafficking
Recommend measures to minimize streetism
Recommend measures to minimize burglary, robbery and theft
42
TASK 3: GENERATE SPATIAL, PHYSICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL

PROPOSALS
Activity 1: Generate Existing land use and general spatial configuration proposals
Rearrange spatial/physical & environmental elements hierarchically (from general to
specific) following existing and envisaged physical fabrics and based on set standard;
Prepare innovative composition taking the hypothetical concepts of selected options using
the principle of ‘Urban Design’ described in 2D drawings, 3D animations, Models, sketched
and summary reports;
Prepare as many typologies as possible for each units based on standards;
Prepare different combinations of listed units based on standards;
Insert the exact sizes of existing features which are preserved with in the action area and
that are projected from the planning area of LDP; and those standards set in structure plan;
Activity 2: Propose infrastructure and utility lines needed
A) Road and associated physical facilities: -
Prepare Hierarchy of street network plan, well dimensioned and labeled typical cross
section and typical detail plans of all typologies of roads found within and the periphery of
LDP; specifying
Right of way,
Center line mark,
Centerline designed elevation in comparison with adjacent NGL elevation,
Radius and angle of curvature at winding and junctions,
Maximum load capacity of each street
Pedestrian walkways & their crossing on street where ever necessary,
Location and Position of Medians,
Location & size of roundabouts, cul-de-sacs where ever necessary,
Location & size Street side parks where ever necessary,
Position of utility lines & their crossing on street where ever necessary,
Location of street lights where ever necessary,
Location of street trees and species of the tree,
Location & size bus and taxi terminals where ever necessary,
Street side public car parking where ever necessary;
Position and location of bridges and their carriage where ever necessary,
Position and location of under & over passes their carriage where ever necessary,
Position of rainstorm water drainage lines & their crossing on street where ever
necessary,
43
Multiple function of streets in addition to transportation where ever

obligatory.
Street furniture where ever necessary,
Street designation,
Traffic flow (lanes and direction of movement),
B) Utility Lines
Water supply lines: The position, size, depth, network, hierarchy, area coverage
by each branch, connection point, direction of flow and control points, source
/reservoir and connection to the main proposal of the structure plan;
Rainstorm-water drainage lines: The position, size, depth, network, hierarchy,
area coverage by each branch, connection point/manholes, direction of flow and
connection to the main proposal of the structure plan;
Waste water lines: The position, size, depth, network, hierarchy, area coverage by
each branch, connection point, direction of flow and connection to the main
proposal of the structure plan;
Telephone lines: The position, cable size, depth/ height, network, area coverage /
beneficiaries, connection boxes, location of manholes, location & ways of crossing
against roads, location of telephone booths, and connection to the main proposal of
the structure plan;
Electric/power lines: The position, cable size and voltage capacity, depth/height,
network, area coverage / beneficiaries, connection boxes, location of manholes,
location & ways of crossing against roads, location of transformers, direction of
power flow and connection to the main proposal of the structure plan;
Set regulation and implementation tool for the proposal based on the standard
C) Land blocking, land uses, plot parceling & building blocks:
Undertake the proposal of land blocks based on set standard;
Prepare updated land uses that includes among other things,
Residential (housing),
Business and commerce and services
Green area, open spaces and environment,
Manufacturing and storage,
Road, transport and infrastructure,
Offices for different institutions,
Special functions
44
Determine number, location, entry and exit of public car parking per block;
For LDP in small town and expansion area in any urban level, prepare plot parcels for
Residential (housing),
Business and commerce and services,
Green area, open spaces and environment,
Manufacturing and storage,
Road, transport and infrastructure,
Offices for various institutions,
Special functions
based on set standard and that enhance incremental development according to the
land use;
Propose potential vehicular and pedestrian access to each plots;
Determine the BAR and FAR of buildings;
Determine the building line/ setbacks of buildings;
Determine spaces between buildings;
Determine the three dimensional character/volume;
Set regulation and implementation tool for the proposal based on the standard;
D) Environmental aspect: -
Ensure the sustained livability of the area in every aspect;

Come up with proposals of sustainable use of resources;
Incorporate environmental proposals of the structure plan;
Determine the minimum ratio of green area, hard surface and built-up area per plot;
Determine the size and location and shape of green and open breathing spaces in
every block where ever required;
Come up with proposals of preventing environmental degradation, conserving the
existing flora and fauna on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem of the area;
Come up with proposals towards preventing and curbing environmental hazards (land
slides, flooding, malaria, land faults, seismic areas, etc);
Come up with proposals of rehabilitating swampy and unsuitable areas for other
alternative functions;
Check and avoid practices that harms the balance of nature;
Come up with proposals of preventing environmental pollution below and above the
surface of the earth;
45
Determine parks and forest where ever appropriate based on set standard;
Determine environmental considerations with aesthetics and landscaping (e.g.
street planting, public squares, playgrounds/ residential open spaces environmental
conservation and revitalization),
Recommend solid waste disposal sites and means
Integrate cart away of surplus materials of construction sites and solid waste
disposal with land fill sites where ever appropriate;
Undertake proposals of individual and communal solid and/or liquid waste collection
and disposal system and also its location and position with in the plot and/or the
block;
Undertake proposal of additional activities/uses which can co-exist with formal and
informal green where ever appropriate and necessary;
Conduct participatory discussion on the output and make rectification accordingly;
TASK 4: GENERATE THE NECESSARY INSTITUTIONAL PROPOSALS

Activity 1: Identify optimal scenario of institutional options for planning &
designing
Identify the key factors that determine the type of responses to institutional needs
of implementing the proposed LDP;
Select appropriate institutional strategies, standards and special considerations
for the identified development scenario for the LDP area
Activity 2: Prepare institutional plan
Undertake proposal of the necessary institutions (existing and/or new) for the
implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the LDP;
Assign institutions for the activities proposed in the LDP;
Come up with proposals towards incorporating LDP implementation in mandates
of assigned institutions, and work out detail duties & responsibilities to be
assumed
Develop appropriate public private partnership scenario for the LDP
implementation;
Conduct internal jury on the plan and make the necessary rectification
accordingly;
46
TASK 5: GENERATE THE NECESSARY FINANCIAL PROPOSALS

Activity 1: Identify ways in which selected optimal scenario of financial option
can be followed in planning & designing financial proposals
Identify existing local potentials towards financing of implementing proposed LDP
programs
Come up with appropriate financial strategies, and special considerations for
financing identified developments in the LDP area.
Come with feasible public private partnership in financing proposed LDP programs
Activity 2: Prepare the required financial plan for implementation of the
proposed LDP
Make rough estimate of development cost for basic public facilities in the LDP area
Prepare long term and short term financial plan for identified basic urban facilities
Suggest innovative financing schemes for meeting long and short term financial
needs;
Forecast impact of the LDP on revenue generation (taxes and non-taxes)
Come up with sound proposals cost-sharing among government and other
stakeholders (private companies, NGOs, CBOs and local community);
Come up with source of finance proposals which consider,
Government’s direct capital budget to activities where necessary
Cost recovery mechanisms to activities where necessary;
Revolving fund mechanisms to activities where necessary;
Matching fund mechanisms to activities where necessary;
Cost sharing mechanisms to activities where necessary;
Full or partial public contribution mechanisms where necessary;
Soft Loan and credit where necessary;
Financial donations, material and/or technical supports etc.
Conduct internal jury on the plan and make the necessary rectification accordingly;
Conduct participatory discussion on financial proposals and make the necessary
47
TASK 6: GENERATE THE NECESSARY LEGAL PROPOSALS
Activity 1: Identify how the selected optimal scenario of legal option can
undergo into the planning & design
Specify the legal requirements, list the necessary legal documents to be prepared and
identify detail issues to be addressed in the policy statements;
Draft proposal legislatives for implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the LDP
processes
Check the consistency, harmony and complementarities between proposed LDP
legislative and other legislatives
Conduct participatory discussion on legal proposals and make the necessary
48
Tips to the tasks

• For socio economic proposals Excel Software may be used. For physical and spatial
proposals AutoCad Software may used
• Special attention may be given to preserve historical/heritage sites and structures that are
identified during data collection.
APPROACH TO THE TASK
CHOOSE APPROPRIATE 1st CONDUCT PLANNING & DESIGN ON THE 4th

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY COMPONENT PARTS
FOR THE SELECTED OPTIMAL Socioeconomic Component with its spatial, institutional,
SCENARIO financial and legal implications & considerations.
Comprising
Socioeconomic, Spatial,
Institutional, Financial and Legal Spatial/Physical/Environmental Component with its
proposals socioeconomic, institutional, financial and legal implications
& considerations.
GATHER LIST OF ITEMS 2nd

TO BE INCORPORATED FUR- Institutional Component with its socioeconomic, spatial,
financial and legal implications & considerations.
THER INTO THE PLAN & DESIGN
OF EACH COMPONENT PARTS OF
LDP VIS-À-VIS STANDARDS,
Financial Component with its socioeconomic, spatial,
AND THEN RE-ORGANIZE institutional, and legal implications & considerations.
SYSTEMATICALLY THE
REQUIRED ELEMENTS INTO
GROUPS AND UNITS TO MAKE
Legal Component with its socioeconomic, spatial,
EASY FOR PLANNING & DESIGN. institutional, and financial implications & considerations.
CHECK UNIFORMITY & INTEGRATION, CONDUCT 5th

CHECK UNIFORMITY & 3rd INTERNAL JURY & THEN PARTICIPATORY DISCUSSION
INTEGRATION, CONDUCT
INTERNAL JURY & THEN
PARTICIPATORY DISCUSSION WORKABLE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
N.B Please note that the third and the fifth processes are followed by subsequent rectifications based
on registered minutes.
Major Deliverables
• Summary of proposals on major issues
1. Are all the major gaps identified filled with proposals?
2. Are the proposed solutions sound enough and in correspondence with the vision and
objectives?
3. Are the proposals shared by the relevant stakeholders?
49
PHASE 5: INTEGRATING PROPOSALS.

The purpose of this phase is to integrate different components of the LDP in a way that feeds
and complements with each other. The planning & design team is expected to give special
attention to this task, mainly because unless proposals are integrated with each other, the
proposals will be contradictory and conflicting. When the proposals become integrated, one
activity in one of the proposals would have a positive spillover effect on the other proposals
eventually satisfying the planning goals.
TASK 1: INTEGRATE THE LDP PROPOSALS
Activity 1: Identify key areas of integration

Synchronize interdependent/interlinked planning elements proposals
Articulate the cause-effect relationship and linkages that exist between different
development proposals as well as LDP components
Spell out the key areas of integration
Activity 2: Ensure that proposals of the five LDP components are integrated
with each other
Accommodate socio-economic implications of
The spatial, physical and environmental proposals,
Institutional proposals,
Financial proposals, and
Legal proposals.
Accommodate the spatial, physical and environmental implications of
socio-economic proposals,
Institutional proposals,
Legal proposals
Accommodate the Institutional implications of
The socio-economic proposals,
Legal proposals
Accommodate the financial implications of
50
Institutional proposals, and

Legal proposals
Accommodate the legal implications of
The institutional proposals
Conduct internal jury on outcome of this activity;
TASK 2: INTEGRATE MAJOR LDP PROPOSALS WITH OTHER

PLANS
Activity 1: Integrate the LDP with other plans
Synchronize the LDP proposals with other urban plans relevant to the LDP area
(Structure Plan, Integrated Urban Infrastructure Service Plan, Local Economic
Development Plan, Local Social Development Plan)
Integrate the LDP proposals with the ongoing development programs/projects in the area
Communicate the integration proposals to relevant bodies and thereby incorporate
their feedbacks
Conduct consultative meeting with the relevant stakeholders on the proposals;
Rectify conflicting proposals with other plans.
Come up with proposals to be accommodated in other plans in favor of the LDP
proposals;
Activity 2: Synthesize proposals generated in the preceding planning
processes
Undertake a synthesizing analysis on outcomes of the foregoing planning processes
Elaborate financial, institutional and policy implications of the proposed LDP, and come
up with summary of each implications
Sum up and produce synthesis of economic, social, physical and environmental
changes supposed to be generated from implementation of the LDP
Activity 3: Translate the LDP synthesis into spatial terms
Sketch the major development corridors schematically
Produce major structures of the LDP area
Map new zoning of major socio-economic activities in the LDP area
Synchronize major land-uses, infrastructure networks, service centers, strategic
investment locations and environmental sites graphically
Produce synthesis maps of the major LDP components
51
Tips to the Tasks

APROACH TO THE TASK
The process of integrating the proposals into one holistic package
1. Preparing list of planning items to be incorporated in integration process

Check conformity and Identify areas of conflicts
Socio- Spatial, Financial Institutional Legal

economic physical and Proposals proposals proposals
proposals environmental
proposals
Make Rectifications and integrated proposals
Check conformity and identify areas of conflicts with other plans (SP, IUISP, Ongoing projects etc.
Make adjustments and produce integrated LDP
Major Deliverables
• Major issues proposals integrated with each other
• LDP proposals integrated with other plans and programs
1. Are all components of LDP proposals incorporated in the integration process?
2. Are all conflicting areas dealt with?
3. Is there consensus among key stakeholders (steering committee)
4. Is there consensus among key stakeholders (steering committee) on the integrated
proposals?
52
PHASE 6: APPRAISAL AND APPROVAL

TASK 1: UNDERTAKE PRE-APPROVAL CONSULTATIONS
Activity 1: Disseminate relevant documents to key stakeholders (steering
committee, Representative forums and relevant institutions)
Spell out key issues for stakeholders discussion
Prepare executive summary of the LDP documents
Duplicate LDP synthesis documents in sufficient copies
Disseminate the necessary documents to the respective stakeholders
Activity 2: Publicize the process of public discussions on the draft LDP
Disclose the public forums through available means of communication such as,
media
notice board
public networks (Edirs, CBOs, NGOs, etc)
Display the LDP plan in some public centers
Activity 3: Undertake consultation with steering committee on thematic issues
Identify relevant stakeholders for different thematic urban issues in the LDP
Organize small group forums for each thematic issue by involving relevant stakeholders
Incorporate feedbacks of the different forums in agendas of forthcoming wider forums
TASK 2: UNDERTAKE STAKEHOLDER FORUM DISCUSSIONS

Activity 1: Approve agenda for wider public discussions
Submit proposal agenda to the steering committee
Undertake discussion on the proposed agendas in presence of key officials and head of
municipal departments
Get the agendas approved
Activity 2: Finalize the public forum preparations
Send official invitation to participants
Prepare official speeches and brief presentations for the planned public forum
Organize venue and other necessary workshop logistics
Activity 3: Undertake the public discussion
Officially open the forum and introduce the agendas
Make brief presentation on key thematic urban issues in the ongoing LDP
Undertake plenary and group discussions on key issues
Organize workshop outcomes and incorporate in the final LDP documents
53
TASK 3: APPROVAL OF THE LDP

Activity 1: Prepare the final LDP documents for approval
Integrate stakeholders’ feedbacks
Prepare the final documents both in graphics and texts
Prepare executive summary of the final documents
Prepare the required legal document for enactment of the LDP
Activity 2: Approve the LDP
Disseminate executive summary documents to members of the decision-making body
at least a week before
Hold formal decision-makers meeting
Respond to any request for clarification
Get the LDP formal approval
TASK 4: DISSEMINATION OF APPROVED LDP DOCUMENTS

Activity 1: Publish the LDP document
Make final refinement to the LDP documents by integrating input generated in the
approval process
Produce the final version of the LDP document
Duplicate and put official stamp on the LDP documents
Gazette the LDP approval document
Activity 2: Disseminate the LDP documents
Publicize the LDP enactment officially with possible means
In national and regional capitals through medias and official letters
In medium and small towns through official letters
Disseminate LDP documents to municipal documents and other institutions with
accompanying official letters
Make available for those who want to get the documents on sale
Activity 3: Declare the LDP
Prepare a declaration document that enables for the LDP to come into practice;
Declare in public media that LDP is prepared and governs the area, specifying scope
of the area and validation time.
54
Major Deliverables;
• Appraisal Report
• Approved LDP
• Approval notice
Key checkup Questions
1. Have all stakeholders participated in the appraisal process?
2. Has the approval notice been issued?
55
PHASE 7: IMPLEMENTATION
Strategies towards Integrated Implementation

Implementation of an LDP follows different paths in different contexts; in some cases proposals
of LDPs can directly proceed into implementation, while in other cases additional project plans
(such as urban renewal) are required to translate LDP proposals into reality. The diverse
processes which involve in LDP implementation can be depicted schematically as follows.
Fig 3. Strategies for Implementation of LDPs
Officially Approved
LDPs
LDPs in Expansion LDPs in Inner City Areas

Areas & Small Towns
Urban Renewal Urban Upgrading

Projects Projects
Public Investments Private Investments

PPP
56
TASK 1: PREPARATORY WORK

Undertaking preparatory works before embarking on implementation of local development
plans would help to bring efficient and effective implementation process. It also helps to
conduct smooth implementation without confusion among all stakeholders involved.
Accordingly, the following key preparatory works are identified as decisive prerequisites for
successful LDP implementation.
Activity 1: Identify the role of the various actors
Proposed activities by the LDP should get owner and be directed to an already established
institution or to a newly established one for effective implementation. Therefore, identification
of the role of the various actors in the city/town is of great importance.
Identify the sole responsibility of the municipality, sector bureaus, the private sector,
and the community
Identify activities that could be undertaken jointly by the different actors such as
municipality and private sector, private sector and community, community and
municipality
Engage in an effective & pragmatic partnership with non-public urban actors for
realizing implementation of LDP proposals
Activity 2: Conduct training
Training the implementing arm of the town/city on the newly prepared local development
plan is the first and the most critical part of the preparatory task since failing to do so will
certainly weaken the implementation process. It is therefore mandatory to train all
implementing institutions to bring about clear understanding of the plan and facilitate the
subsequent implementation. The following are the key actions to be taken to conduct
successful training.
Prepare training materials ( it could be prepared by plan preparation unit)
Determine potential trainers (probably by professionals from planning unit)
Identify trainees (all professionals in the implementing institutions and urban
management body should participate)
Determine the time required for the training
57
Activity 3: Prepare Action Plan

The municipality should develop its action plan for both its sole responsibilities and
coordinating the activities of the other actors. Preparing action plan would facilitate
successful and efficient implementation and the subsequent evaluation. Give priority
for activities that are considered to be prerequisite for the private or community
development endeavors notably infrastructure development and establishing enabling
regulatory framework
Decide on the phasing of the main activities
Indicate estimated cost of projects together with their potential sources
Specify the responsible unit for specific tasks with in the municipality
Set measurable targets for each activities
TASK 2: COMMENCEMENT OF WORK

After the completion of the aforementioned preparatory activities the actual implementation
of the LDP should commence in a very organized manner. At this point it is assumed that
different actors have taken up all the proposed activities. However, the municipality of the
city/town will have the sole responsibility of coordinating these activities. With this
understanding the following activities have been identified as important steps and
considerations by the various actors during implementing their respective plans.
Activity 1: Promotion activities

For successful implementation of the LDP all the responsible institutions should engage
themselves in promotion of their respective tasks. This could be done through various
mechanisms, of which the following could be sited;
Organize city wide exhibitions in order to create sufficient understanding of the plan
Publish the various sector city plans in a reduced format and distribute to the main
stakeholders and the community at large
Introduce incentives for individual plot developers and investors
Activity 2: Coordinate activities
The activities of the various actors should be coordinated mainly by the responsible
government institution to bring about integrated development of the locality under
consideration. This task demands strong commitment and concerted effort from the
government side. Effective coordination could be achieved through the following measures.
Arrange regular forum with sector bureaus (housing development office, road
authority, water, power, transport etc)
Coordinate their activities in the project area in order to go inline with the plan
58
Establish regular public hearing forums to get feedback from the beneficiaries
regarding the performance of each institutions
Activity 3: Fund raising
Development undertakings in resource deficient areas inevitably demand pulling together
available resources in order to bring meaningful impact. Accordingly, local development
endeavors could be best sponsored by strong involvement of the community through
pooling together their resources (finance, labor, know-how and material). Pooling these
local resources needs concerted effort from all stakeholders mainly the government and
CBOs. The following activities could be mentioned as the best mechanisms of pooling
local resources for development purposes;
Establish locality development committee in which all interest groups of the
community should be represented, notably;
Representatives of
o various formal associations like trade, professionals, women, youth
etc
o Elderly and prominent personalities
o Social and environmental activists
o Government institutions
o Utility companies
Introduce innovative institutional and financial schemes, which lead into self-
financing LDP implementation
In cooperation with the committee the following fund raising and community
mobilization activities could be undertaken;
Arrange local lottery through strong participation of the local community
Organize social events like music concert, theatre show etc
Organize trade bazaar
Activate the community to contribute for the local development initiatives
through labor, finance and material donation
Activity 4: Determine further actions according to the proposals
In undertaking all these activities refer carefully to the available regulations and manuals
notably renewal and upgrading manual, relocation and compensation regulation etc.
Assign specific authorized municipal body responsible for ensuring integrated
actions of relevant urban actors in LDP areas
Incorporate LDP policy statements in a municipal legal system and thereby
enforce accountabilities at all levels
59
Allocate plots for private developers up on demand

Delineate and undertake further study in areas that are proposed to be redeveloped
or upgraded.
Delineate plots proposed for public services (Education, Health, Public Offices etc)
Hand over delineated plots to the respective government bodies.
Major Deliverables
• Implementing bodies identified
• Training given
• Implementation schedule
1. Are all the necessary things for the implementation works fulfilled?
2. Are all stakeholders convinced to play their role?
60
PHASE 8: MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Monitoring and evaluation should be undertaken at predefined and critical stages of the
implementation process to bring about better efficiency and timely correction of defects at work.
Moreover, monitoring and evaluation serves as not only curbing existing problems of the
implementation process but also helps to improve future implementation capacity. With this
understanding, the process of monitoring and evaluation has been indicated separately for
better understanding and successful accomplishment.
Monitoring & evaluation, on LDP implementation process itself, demands a regular follow up
and legal frameworks. Secondly, monitoring & evaluation experienced on sporadic
implementation process is tantamount to a hide-and-seek game. With out effective monitoring &
evaluation mechanisms, the LDPs would never proceed beyond a blue print. Accordingly, the
following strategies are suggested for monitoring and evaluation.
Activity 1: Monitoring
Monitoring is an integral part of day-to-day management of implementation process that
helps to detect and solve implementation irregularities. The most important advantage of
monitoring implementation process is its contribution to early identification of problems
before it gets complicated, which in turn simplifies the effort of resolving the problems.
Lay down milestones that indicate what is to be done when and by whom
Have a clearly defined monitoring & evaluation schedule
Establish a strong teamwork spirit among relevant institutions
Create well-established reporting mechanisms
Have updated land information

Establish plan implementation monitoring unit
Clearly regulate the mandate of the unit
Strengthen the capacity of the unit in all aspects for better efficiency
The unit could conduct its functions through the following mechanisms;
Set regular in house report hearing sessions (it might be daily, biweekly or
weekly)
Arrange regular presentation on the activities performed to the top management
of the city/town
Set compliant hearing forums for the community and take immediate solutions
Provide all the necessary backing for the evaluation team/unit
Decide what to be evaluated. Usually evaluation focuses on the following key areas of
the implementation process;
61
Activity 2: Evaluation
Determine the critical stages to undertake evaluation. Evaluation might take place:
During deployment, to check whether all the necessary manpower and material
as well as techniques to begin activities are fulfilled,
When a fourth of the activities is completed,
When it reaches half way,
When 75% is completed and
When all the planned activities are completed.
Identify who should undertake the evaluation
Present achievements vis-à-vis pre-set objectives
Present objectives vis-à-vis beneficiaries opinion
Present achievements vis-à-vis beneficiaries satisfaction
Decide the level of detail of the evaluation process
Major Deliverables
• Monitoring and evaluation formats
1. Do we have pre designed monitoring and evaluation plan?
2. Do we have the consent of all parties involved
62
PART III
ANNEXES
63
ANNEX I: FORMATS
Format No 1. Example of Stakeholders Identification and Analysis in LDP Planning Process
LDP Type Key Area of Participation Roles to be Played Level of Mode of Potential
Stakeholders Representation Representation Interests
1. Local Phase I: Need assessment and visioning Expression of needs and • SC & RF • Idirs, • Sustain their
Communities vision • Individuals, • Youth settlements
(Residents) Phase II: Data collection Information supply house holds, Associations, • Sustain &
Phase VI: Appraisal Ensure their needs are etc • Women increase
addressed • SC Association, income
Phase VII: Implementation Financial and resources • RF • Producers/
contribution Service
cooperatives
2. Local Business Phase I: Need assessment and visioning • Expression of needs • SC • Business • Sustain their
Community and vision Association business
Phase II: Data collection • Information supply • RF • Known
Phase III: Appraisal • Ensure their needs are • SC businesspers
addressed ons
LDP in IV: Implementation • Financial and • RF
Urban resources contribution
Renewal 3. Neighboring Phase I: Need assessment and visioning • Information supply • RF • Local • Align
[Having Communities • Cooperation and administration programs
only local Phase II: Data collection • RF
collaboration • Business and interests
concerns] Phase III: Appraisal • RF associations
IV: Implementation • RF
4. Utility Phase I: Need assessment and visioning Expression of needs and • SC Institutional • Sustained
companies (Road, vision representatives service
Water, power, Phase II: Data collection Information supply • TC provision
telephone)
Phase V: Integration Ensure their needs are • TC
addressed
Phase VI: Appraisal Align interests • SC
Phase VII: Implementation Resource allocation and • TC
execution
Phase VIII: M&E Periodic evaluation and • TC
progress monitoring
SC – Steering Committee
RF – Representative Forum
TC – Technical Committee
II
Data Collection and Analysis Formats for Small, Medium & Large Town
Format No 2. Demographic Data Collection and Analysis Format
2.1. Population Size by Age, Sex, Education Level
Size of Family Members

House No. By sex By age By level of education
S/N
Illiterate Elementary High Diploma
M F <4 4 -6 7-14 15-18 18-60 >60 school and above
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 +
20
21
Total
III
2.2. Number of Households in the Area
Total No. Of Sex of Household Heads Average

S/N Area Households M F Family Size
1 LDP action area
2 LDP planning area
IV
Format No. 3. Social Data Collection and Analysis Formats

3.1. Marital Status of Residents with age 18 and Above
Marital Status
HH Head
Married Divorced Widow Unmarried
S/N House No.
M F M F M F M F M F
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Total
V
3.2. Families in the Locality by Sex of Family Heads (in percentage)
Sex of Household Heads (%)
S/N Areas M F
1 LDP action area
2 LDP planning area
3 City/town
3.3. Participation of Families in Different Social Networks

Type of Social Networks in which Family Members are Participating
S/N House Edir Equb Religious Relatives Ethnics Friendship Professional
No. Associate Associate Associate Associate Associate
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Total
VI
3.4. Number of Children at School in a Family by Level of Educatio

Number of Children at the Specified Level of Education
S/N House No. KG Elementary High Preparatory College/University
School
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Total
VII
3.5. Number of Social Service Institutions Available within and in the Vicinity of
LDP Area
Number of Facilities
S/N Social services Within the LDP Within the LDP In the
action area planning area town/city
1 Schools
o KG
o Elementary
o High school
o College/University
2 Health institutions
o Clinic
o Health center
o Hospital
3 Sport fields
4 Recreation centers
3.6. Level of Criminal Acts and Social ills in the LDP Planning and Action Areas (indicate
by marking X)
S/N Type of Social Level of the Social Problem
Problem Critical Moderate Negligible
1 Crime
2 Juvenile
delinquency
3 Prostitution
4 Beggary
5 Juvenile
delinquency
6 Drug addiction
7 Sexual abuse and
trafficking
8 Streetism
9 Burglary, robbery
and theft
VIII
Format No. 4. Economic Data Collection & Analysis Formats

4.1. Employment Status of Families in the Area
Employment Status
S/N House No. Engaged in Unemployed
Employment Schooling
M F M F M F
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Total
IX
4.2. Employed Family Members in ‘X’ Area by Type of Employment

Formal Sector Informal Sector
S/N House No. Gov't Private
Employee Company Self- Daily Petty- Others
Employee Employed Laborer Trader
M F M F M F M F M F M F
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Total
X
4.3. Residents by Size and Source of Income

Source of income Average monthly income in birr
House Formal Informal Transfer Pension < 500 500 -1000 1000 - 1500 - 2000 > 2000
S/N No. employment activity from 1500
relatives
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Total
XI
4.4. Families by Location of Work-places and Transport Types used for Home,
Work place Travel
Location of Work Place Type of Transport

S/N House
Within Outside
No.
At home LDP Outside of of On Public Tax Office
area LDP area town/city foot bus service
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Total
XII
Format No. 5. Institutional Information Collection and Analysis Format

S/N Types of Institutions Number Key Areas of Operation Major Objectives
Government
1
-
-
-
2 NGOs
-
-
-
-
3 CBOs
-
-
-
-
Format No. 6. Legal Frameworks Data Collection & Analysis Format

List of existing Missing legal
S/N legislations Scope of the legislation (mark by X) instruments
National Regional Local/City
XIII
Format No. 7. Financial Data Collection and Analysis Format

Major Infrastructure Networks and Public Estimate of Public
S/N Services in Short Supply in the LDP area Investments Required to
Fulfill Prevailing Gaps
XIV
Format No. 8. Physical Data Collection and Analysis Formats

8.1. Houses by Type of Ownership and Value
Value of Houses in ‘000 birr
S/N House No. Private Government Int'l organization NGO/CBO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Total
XV
8.2. Housing by Condition

Housing condition
S/N Housing No.
Good Fair Bad
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Total
XVI
Data Collection and Analysis Formats for Cities and Metropolitans
Format No. 9. Population Data Collection and Analysis Formats

9.1 Size of Population in the LDP Planning Action Areas
Population Size by Sex

S/N Area
M F Total
1 LDP action area
2 LDP planning area
3 City/ town
9.2. Number of Social Service Institutions Available within and in the Vicinity of
LDP Area
Number of Facilities
S/ Within the LDP Within the LDP In the
N Social Services Action Area Planning Area Town/city
1 Schools
o KG
o Elementary
o High school
o College/University
2 Health Institutions
o Clinic
o Health center
o Hospital
3 Sport Fields
4 Recreation Centers
9.3. Level of Criminal Acts and Social ills in the LDP Planning and Action Areas
(indicate by marking X)
S/N Level of Crime Prominent Social Ills
Area Juvenile
Critical Moderate Negligible delinquency Prostitution Beggary
1 Action area
2 Planning
area
XVII
Format No. 10. Economic Data

10.1 Mainstay of Local Economy (Mark by X)
Dominant Economic Activity by Sector

S/N Sub- Industry/Manufact Retail/whole sale Services
city/ uring Trade (Hotels and other Farming
Kebele Services)
10
Total
10.2. Data on Major Characteristics of Local Economy (Mark by X)
Number of Firms by Sector

S/N Characteristics Trade Service Industry Agriculture
1 Formal
2 Informal
3 Large
4 Medium
5 Small
XVIII
10.3. Data on Local Residents’ Level of Income (in percentage)
Sub-city/ Families with the Specified Monthly Income Category (in

S/N Kebele percentage)
<400 birr 400 – 2000 birr >2000 birr
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10.4. Level of Unemployment in the area (% of Total Economically Active

Population)
S/N Areas Employed Unemployed

1 LDP action area
2 LDP planning area
3 City/town
XIX
Format No. 11. Example of Existing Environmental Physical Data Collection

Format
Format No. 12. Example of Existing Landuse Data Collection and Analysis Format
XX
Format No.13. Housing Data Collection and Analysis Format

13.1. Example of Existing Housing Type Data Collection and Analysis Format
XXI
FLOOR - Municipal
13.2. Existing Housing Type of Additional
Business:
Earth floor: - Throwaway
Data 16. WATER SUPPLY
Cement screed:
1. LEGAL STATUS Shop/Kiosk - Private tap:
Wooden/
Formal Bar/Catering - Shared:
Tile Floor :
Informal Cottage - None:
Others:
2. IDENTIFICATION industry 17. ELECTRIC SUPPLY
LOCATION: 9. TENURE TYPE - Private meter:
Animal
House Number Kebele:
husbandry - Shared meter :
Kebele RHA
Others - None:
Woreda Private Owner 18. TELEPHONE
Character of additional
Yes: No:
“Other remark” business: Rental Price
19. EASTIMATED MONTHLY
Noisy: Yes: No: Other RENT
3. HISTORICAL
Yes: Dusty Yes: No:
10. KITCHEN
0-150 151-300
Yes: No:
No: Smelly Yes: No: 301-500 501-1000
11. KITCHEN TYPE
4. HOUSING CONDITION Out flowing Shared: 1000-1500 1501-2000
Good: Yes: No:
Private: 2001-2500 >2501
Medium/ Fair: Other hazard 12. TOILET 20. MAJOR MEANS OF
Yes: No: Yes : No:
Bad: 7. USERS OF THE HOUSE TRANSPORTATION TO
No. of families of 13. TYPES OF TOILET SERVICES
5. TYPOLOGY: - on foot
Row House: main user PIT LATRINE
Private: - on bicycle
Detached House: No. of other families
who share house Shared: - by vehicle
Storey Building: 8. CONSTRUCTION SEPTIC TANK - on animal
No. of storey: MATERIALS: Private:
ROOF - Other
No. of rooms: Thatched: Shared: 21. ACCESSIBILITY FOR
6. TYPE OF FUNCTION IN SEWER CARS
CIS:
THE HOUSE Yes: No:
Purely residential Others: OTHERS
14. DRAINAGE 22. PROPER FENCE
Mixed with informal WALL - to ditch Yes: No:
business Chika: - natural surface
Mixed with formal HCB: - other Data gathered
15. DRY WASTE DISPOSAL by_____________________
business Brick/stone - Local Pit & Date________________________
Others burning/ Bury
Signature____________________
XXII
LDP MANUAL (FIRST DRAFT) Mathewos Consult
Format No. 14. Institutional Information Data Collection and Analysis

Format
S/N Types of Institutions Number Key Areas of Operation Major Objectives
Government
1
-
-
-
2 NGOs
-
-
-
-
3 CBOs
-
-
-
-
Format No. 15. Legal Frameworks Data Collection and Analysis Format
List of Scope of the Legislation (mark by X) Missing Legal
S/N Existing Instruments
Legislations National Regional Local/City
XXIII
Format No. 16. Financial Information Collection and Analysis Format

Major Infrastructure Networks and Public Estimate of Public Investments
S/N Services in Short Supply in the LDP Area Required to Fulfill Prevailing Gaps
Format No. 17. Example of Action Plan Format
Time Institutional framework Expected

S/N Detail Activities frame Core actors stakeholders deliverable
XXIV
Format No.18. GAPS Identification Sample Format for an LDP Area
Key Areas of Existing Data Required Gaps/proble Causes for Options/ Proposals Indicators
Need (Facts & Figures) Level to meet ms the strategies to meet
Assessment the vision identified problems the gaps
Housing 10,000 HU 12,500HU 2,500HU • 1000 new housing
units
• 1500 HU to be
upgraded
Social Services NKG 2KGs 2KGs • Establish 2 Private
KGs
• Schools 1 Elementary school 1 Elementary
- -
School
No Secondary School 1 Secondary 1 Secondary Use the neighbouring
in the LDP area but School School School
there is one in the
• Play neighbouring area
Grounds • No Children play 1 play ground 1 play ground Use the nearby play
ground in the LDP ground
area, but there is
one in the
neighbouring area
at 1km distance
from center
MSEs 10 shops available 25 shops 15 shops 15 new shops to be
• Small shops established
• Carpentries
and wood None 5 5
works
• Metal
1 3 2
workshops
• Bicycles
2 5 3
maintenance
• Horse shoes
1 3 2
making
XXV
Format No. 19. LDP Outputs Formats

19.1. Building Height and Building line
XXVI
19.2. BAR and FAR
XXVII
19.3. Road Network and Infrastructure Alignment
XXVIII
19.4. Three Dimensional View of LDP Study Area
XXIX
ANNEX II: STANDARDS

NB. For elaborated and detailed spatial and physical standards refer to the SP Manual, the IUISP Manual
and the Draft Urban Planning Manual (by the Ministry of Federal Affairs.)
Standard 1. Data Types/Components

Data Types Potential Sources
Socio-economic Information Kebeles, Municipality, CBOs, NGOs, House holds,
structure plan, the business community
Physical/Environmental Information Structure plan, site survey, planning and sectoral
offices
Institutional Information Kebele, Sub-City, Municipality, Woreda/Zonal/Regional
Urban Development Offices
Legal Information Kebele, Sub-City, Municipality, Woreda/Zonal/Regional
Urban Development Offices
Financial Information Finance Offices, business community
Standard 2. LDPs Preparation Levels

Urban category Type of LDP Responsible body
Small Towns - Having mainly city level - Woreda Administration
concerns
- Having wider concerns than
the city
Medium towns - Having mainly city level - Municipal
concerns
- Having wider concerns than - Woreda or Zonal
the city Administration
Large towns - Having mainly city level - Municipal
concerns
- Having wider concerns than - Woreda or Zonal
the city Administration
Cities and metropolitans - Concerning mainly - Sub city/ Kebele
stakeholders of the specific
locality
- Concerning city wide - Municipality
stakeholders
- Concerning wider - Zonal Administration
stakeholders outside the city
XXX
Standard 3. Typical Road Profile Showing Utility Lines Alignment
W T Ts J J Ts T W
P P
P = power transmission line
T = telephone, telegraph, television
Ts = traffic signal line
J = Inlets and drainage line
W = Water
N.B. The service provision could depend on the levels of urban center. Telephone could be optional for first level urban
center.
XXXI
USE
Drawings
STANDARD
TITLE
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CODES land LDP MANUAL (FIRST DRAFT) Mathewos Consult
marks shall be
written.
REFERENCES
- Abrham Workneh (2003): Urban Planning in Ethiopia in Light of International
Experiences: Problems and Prospects. A paper Presented on the 3rd National
Conference on Urban Planning and Related Issues, 2003, Addis Ababa
- Addis Negari (2004): Proclamation for Approval of the Addis Ababa Structure
Plans, Addis Ababa City Government, Addis Ababa.
- Addis Negari (2004): Proclamation for Preparation & Implementation of Urban Plans,
Addis Ababa City Government, Addis Ababa
- Akale Kifle (1996): Action Planning as Alternative for Future Urban Development
Undertaking, NUPI, 1996, Addis Ababa
- Baross P. (1996): Action Planning. IHS, 1996, Rotterdam
- Council of Ministers, FDRE (2005): A Proclamation to Provide for Urban Plans (Draft),
Addis Ababa.
- Davidson F. (1981), “Ismailia“ From Master Planning to Implementation, Third World
Planning Review vol. 3. no. 2
- Davidson F. (1996): Planning for Performance: Requirement for Sustainable
Development, Eisevier Science Ltd. 1996, Great Britain
- McNeill, D. (1983): “The Changing Practice of Urban Planning” Habitat International,
vol. 7, no. 5
- McNeill, D. (1985): “Planning with Implementation in View”, Third World Planning
Review vol. 7, no. 3
- Ministry of Federal Affairs (July 2004) Draft urban Development Policy, Addis Ababa,
Amharic Version.)
- Ministry of Federal Affairs (nd): Draft Urban Planning Manual, Addis Ababa
- Ministry of Works and Urban Development (2006): Plan for Accelerated and Sustained
Development to End Poverty (PASDEP), Urban Development and Construction
Industry Component, Addis Ababa.
- Republic of Uganda, Ministry of Lands, Housing & Physical Planning (1994), The
Kampala Structure Plan: John van Nostrand Associations Ltd., 1994, Kampala, Uganda
- Strategic Urban Development Planning Framework for the City of Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, 1999
XXXII

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LDP MANUAL (FINAL DRAFT) MATHEWOS Consult

MINISTRY OF WORKS AND

LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................... 3

PART I BACKGROUND STUDY .......................................................................... 5

PART II THE PROCEDURE MANUAL ............................................................. 25

1.2. LDP in the Context of Ethiopian Urban Planning System.

Fig.1. A Framework of the Trend in the Ethiopian Urban Planning System

Level Long Term Integrated

Level 1 Long Term Integrated Urban Development Plan

Urban Structure Plan

IUISP UTTMP LEDS SDS

5 years Municipal IDP

5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years 5 years

1.3 Purpose of the Manual

1.4 Methodology and Approaches Adopted

1.5 How to use the Manual

1.6 Content of the Manual

2.2 International Practices

In the Netherlands, a local land use plan comprises of:

2.3. Local Practices

Action Area Plan:

Conceptual Framework: Visioning is usually followed by development of conceptual

Fig 2. Sample LDP from Merkato, Addis Ababa

Contents of the plan

Due to high prevalence of resettlement

3. CONCEPTION, GENERAL PROVISIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS

3.1.2 Key Principles and the IDP Approach Adopted

3.1.3 The Key LDP Development Frames

3.2. General Provisions and Considerations

3.2.1 General Provisions

Factors that obstruct implementation of LDPs should be minimized as much as possible

• Administrative Boundary: Unless good planning reasons dictate, it is better to take an

• General Land use Considerations: Specify only prohibited land-uses

• Sector Plans: Since LDP consists of development proposals to be undertaken by

• If the major assumptions of LDP have changed;

3.2.3 Data Collection and Analysis Considerations

Minimum Institutional Requirement: As any other urban plans, effectiveness and

PHASE 1: PREPARATORY WORKS

TASK 1. INITIATION AND AWARENESS CREATION

Tips to the Tasks

TASK 2. PREPARATION AND APPROVAL OF PROJECT TOR

Activity 2: Approve the TOR

Tips to the Tasks

TASK 3. PROCUREMENT OF PROJECT LOGISTICS & HUMAN

Option 1: To carry out the Project by Own-force

Tips to the Tasks

TASK 4. DEVELOP OPERATIONAL/ACTION PLAN

PHASE 2: DATA COLLECTION & ANALYSIS

TASK 1. MOBILIZE FOR DATA COLLECTION

Tips to the task

• To commence the data collection process,

TASK 2: DATA COLLECTION (Use Formats in Annex I)

Activity 4: Collect the necessary legal information

Tips to the task

TASK 3: DATA ANALYSIS

Identify the level of burglary, robbery, theft, etc

Activity 7: Analyze existing financial framework for local development

Tips to the Tasks

Key Checkup questions

PHASE 3: DEVELOPING STRATEGIC OPTIONS

TASK 1: DEVELOP ALTERNATIVE PLANNING SCENARIOS AND

TASK 2: DEVELOP STRATEGIES FOR VARIOUS LDP

TASK 1: DETERMINE THE KEY PLANNING AND DESIGN TOOLS