FORCE AND ACCELERATION

INFERENCE Acceleration depends on force

HYPOTHESIS Force increase, acceleration increase
AIM To investigate the relationship between force and acceleration
VARIABLES MV : force applied // number of elastic cord
RV : acceleration, a
FV : mass
LIST OF Trolley, friction-compensated runway, ticker timer, ticker tape, a.c. power supply,
APPARATUS wood blocks, metre rule, elastic cord
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus.

2. Switch on the ticker timer. Apply a unit of force by stretching one elastic
cord to a fixed length and the length is maintain as the trolley runs down
the runway.
3. Cut the ticker tape into strips containing 10 ticks each.
4. Acceleration of the trolley is calculated by using the formula,

5. The experiment is repeated by using two elastic cords, three elastic cords,
four elastic cords and five elastic cords.
TABULATE Force (No. of elastic cords) / N Acceleration / m s-2
DATA 1
2
3
4
5
ANALYSING
DATA

Force (N)
SURFACE AREA AND PRESSURE
BOYLE’S LAW

INFERENCE Pressure of gas depends on the volume.

HYPOTHESIS Volume increase, pressure decrease
AIM To investigate the relationship between volume and pressure of gas.
VARIABLES MV : volume
RV : pressure
FV : temperature
LIST OF Rubber tube, Bourdon gauge, 100 cm3 syringe
APPARATUS
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus.

2. Air volume of 100 cm3 at atmospheric pressure is trapped in the syringe.
3. Rubber tube is connected to a Bourdon gauge. Air pressure is measure
and record from the Bourdon gauge.
4. Repeat the experiment for V = 90, 80, 70 and 60 cm 3.
TABULATE Volume / cm3 Pressure / Pa
DATA 100
90
80
70
60
ANALYSING Pressure / Pa
DATA

Volume / cm3
 REFLECTION OF LIGHT

Question Answer Mark

4
(a) State a suitable inference 1
Angle of reflection depends on the angle of incidence

(b) State a relevant hypothesis 1

Angle of reflection increases as the angle of incidence increases

(c) (i) State the aim of experiment 1

To investigate the relationship between angle of reflection and the
angle of incidence

(ii) State the manipulated variable and the responding variable

Manipulated variable: angle of incidence 1
Responding variable : angle of reflection 1

State ONE variable that kept constant

Fixed variable : Angle between plane and mirror // focal length(sila 1
rujuk*)
.

(iii) Complete list of apparatus and materials 1

plane mirror, ray box, meter rule, white paper, protractor

(iv) Arrangement of apparatus : 1

(v) State the method of controlling the manipulated variable

1. The set-up of the apparatus is as shown in figure above.
2. Start the experiment with angle of incidence, i = 20o . A ray of light 1
Question Answer Mark
from the ray box is directed to the plane mirror.

State the method of measuring the responding variable

3. Record the angle of reflection, r which is measured by using a
protractor. 1

Repeat the experiment at least 4 times 1

4. Repeat the experiment by using i = 30o, 40o, 50o, and 60o.

(vi) Angle of incidence, i

20o 1
30o
40o,
50o,
60o.

(viii)

1
Angle of incidence, i

TOTAL 12
Angle of reflection, r

ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE

INFERENCE Depth of immersion depends on weight

HYPOTHESIS Weight increase, depth of immersion increase
 AIM To investigate the relationship between weight and depth of immersion
VARIABLES MV : weight of load
RV : depth of immersion
FV : density of liquid
LIST OF Beaker, water, slotted weight, metre rule
APPARATUS
ARRANGEMENT
OF APPARATUS
Slotted
weight
Water

PROCEDURE 1. Set up the apparatus.

2. 1 N of slotted weight is immersed into the water.
3. Depth of immersion is measured and recorded by using metre rule.
4. Repeat the experiment for W = 2, 3, 4 and 5 N of load.
TABULATE Weight / N Depth of immersion / cm
DATA 1
2
3
4
5
ANALYSING Depth / cm
DATA

Weight / N

Pressure and temperature of gas

3 a Air pressure depends on the temperature changes 1

b The pressure of air enclosed in a container increases when the temperature increases 1
ci To investigate the relationship between the pressure exerted by the air and its temperature 1
at constant volume
ii Dimanipulasikan/ Manipulated : 1
The air temperature
Bergerakbalas / Responding :
The air pressure 1
Dimalarkan / Constant :
The volume of the air
iii Round bottom flask, big beaker, Bourdon gauge/pressure gauge, thermometer, rubber tube, 1
retort stand, Bunsen burner, water
iv

v 3
1. Some ice is placed into the water to lower the temperature of the water.
2. The water is heated slowly and stirred to maintain a uniform temperature.
3. At 40℃, the pressure of the air is measured and recorded by using a Bourdon gauge.
4. The experiment is repeated at temperatures 50℃, 60℃, 70℃, 80℃ and 90℃

vi 1

v Plot a graph of pressure against temperature . 1