CHAPTER – 3 METALS AND NON METALS

NOTES
REACTION OF METALS WITH OXYGEN
METAL + O2🡪 METAL OXIDE (BASIC)

1. HIGHLY REACTIVE METALS = Na, K

A
4Na + O2🡪2 Na2O

M
4K+ O2—>2K2O

R
Both the metals are so reactive towards O2 that they catch fire when exposed

VE
to air. Therefore, they are stored under kerosene.
KA
BI
AM
S
R

2. MODERATELY REACTIVE METALS Zn, Mg,

M

2Zn + O2🡪 2ZnO

2Mg +O2🡪 2MgO It burns bright dazzling flame. Mgo is a white powder/ash
 3. METALS THAT SHOW CORROSION-

A
A ) RUSTING IN IRON- in the presence of oxygen and moisture.

M
R
4 Fe +3O2 →2 Fe2O3 Fe2O3 + nH2O→ Fe2O3.nH2O

VE
KA
BI

B) FORMATION OF BASIC COPPER CARBONATE IN COPPER-in the

presence of oxygen, carbondioxide and moisture.
AM

2Cu + O2 + H2O + CO2→ CU2(OH)2CO3

S
R
M

C) TARNISHING IN SILVER- in the presence of sulphur containing gas- H2S

 A
M
R
NATURE OF METAL OXIDES

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1) BASIC OXIDES- GENERALLY METAL OXIDES ARE BASIC IN NATURE. WHEN
THEY ARE DISSOLVED IN WATER,THEY FORM BASES. ALSO, THEY TURN
MOIST RED LITMUS BLUE.
KA

REACTION OF NON-METALS WITH OXYGEN-

NON METALS + O2 → NON METAL OXIDES (MOSTLY ACIDIC)
BI

C + O2 → CO2 CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 (CARBONIC ACID)

AM

S + O2 → SO2 SO2 + H2O → H2SO3(SULPHUROUS ACID)

ACIDS ARE FORMED WHEN THESE GASES ARE TREATED WITH MOIST LITMUS PAPER
S
R

REACTION OF METALS WITH WATER-

M

General reactions are of two types-

1) HIGHLY REACTIVE METALS- Na, K

Highly reactive metal + water 🡪 metal hydroxide + H2

2Na +2 H2O 🡪2 NaOH + H2

 FIRE- THESE METALS ARE VERY REACTIVE TOWARDS WATER.
THE REACTION IS HIGHLY EXOTHERMIC WHICH CAUSES H2 GAS
TO CATCH FIRE (APPEARS LIKE METAL IS BURNING IN WATER
BUT ITS ACTUALLY H2 GAS RESPONSIBLE FOR COMBUSTION)

A
M
R
VE
2) MODERATELY REACTIVE METALS- Zn, AL,Fe react with hot
water/ hot steam
KA

Metal + water 🡪 METAL OXIDE + H2

Mg + H2O → MgO + H2
BI

THESE METALS DONOT CATCH FIRE IN WATER AS THE REACTION IS

AM

NOT VERY EXOTHERMIC IN NATURE.

TEST FOR HYDROGEN GAS- POP SOUND TEST- GAS EVOLVED CAN BE
S

TESTED WITH A BURNING MATCHSTICK. ON BRINGING THE

MATCHSTICK NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE TEST TUBE , IT WILL
R

EXTINGUISH WITH A POP SOUND.

M

REACTION OF METALS WITH DILUTE ACIDS-

Metal + acid 🡪 salt + H2 displacement reaction

Zn + H2SO4 🡪 ZnSO4 + H2
Zn + 2HCl 🡪 ZnCl2 + H2
 IF THE METAL IS PLACED ABOVE THE H IN REACTIVITY SERIES, IT
CAN DISPLACE H FROM THE DILUTE ACID OTHERWISE IT WILL
NOT REACT WITH DILUTE ACID- LIKE
Cu, Ag, Au cannot displace H from acid hence no reaction can
be seen.

A
M
REACTION OF METAL WITH METAL SALT-

R
DISPLACEMENT REACTION - A MORE REACTIVE
METAL DISPLACES A LESS REACTIVE METAL
FROM ITS SALT SOLUTION.
VE
KA
GENERAL REACTION- METAL A + METAL SALT B 🡪 METAL SALT A + METAL B

Fe + CuSO4 🡪 FeSO4 + Cu Iron is more reactive than copper therefore it displaces

BI

copper from copper sulphate

Cu + FeSO4 🡪 X Copper is less reactive than iron therefore it cannot displace iron from
ferrous sulphate solution
AM

Fe + MgSO4🡪X
Mg + FeSO4🡪 MgSO4 + Fe
Note- refer to activity series for the reactivity of metals.
S
R
M
 A
M
R
VE
KA
BI
AM
S
R
M

avoid last two points.