Solutions Intermediate

Grammar
5th Juniors

Rocio T. Iraira
UNIT #.1

☺ ORDER OF ADJECTIVES
Opinion + size + age + color + origin + material + noun

Eg. A lovely big old blue French leather bag.

☺ PRESENT TENSE CONTRAST

We use PRESENT SIMPLE to talk about:

~ Habits or routines
I usually get up at eight o’clock.
~ a permanent situation or fact
Jack lives in London. It’s his home town.
~ Timetables and schedules
The train leaves a t 6.30 tomorrow morning.
We use PRESENT CONTINUOUS to talk about:
~ Things that are happening now
We’re watching a movie right now. Come over!
~ annoying behavior with always
He’s always talking about himself
~ Arrangements in the future.
Sally and Tom are flying to Rome next Friday.

☺ STATE AND DYNAMIC VERBS

Dynamic verbs are verbs that describe actions. They can be used in
simple and continuous forms
Eg. 1- I run ten kilometres every day.
2- I’m running in a race at the moment.
Verbs that describe a state or situation are not usually used in
continuous tenses.

Eg. I don’t understand you (a state of mind)

NOT I’m not understanding you.

Be careful. Sometimes, state verbs can be used with a “dynamic”

meaning.

☺ VERBS PATTERNS

Some verbs are followed by an infinitive.

.- John managed to finish his homework.

Some verbs are followed by the –ing form.

.- Sally fancied going away for the weekend.

VERB INFINITIVE: AGREE; DECIDE; EXPECT; FAIL; HAPPEN; HOPE;

MANAGE; MEAN; PRETEND; PROMISE; REFUSE; SEEM; WANT.

VERB + ING FORM: AVOID; CAN’T FACE; CAN’T HELP; CAN’T

STAND; ENJOY; FANCY; FEEL LIKE; IMAGINE; SPEND (TIME);
SUGGEST.

Note that like, love, prefer and hate can be followed by the infinitive or
the -ing form without changing the meaning.

☺ VERB THAT CHANGE THEIR MEANING.

Some verbs change their meaning depending on whether they are

followed by an infinitive or the –ing form.
- I remember living in Paris when I was young
Meaning: this is a memory in which “living” happened before
“remember”

- Did you remember to phone Jenny?

Meaning: this is an action that needed doing – ‘remember’ happened

before ‘to phone’

- I’ll never forget swimming with all those sharks.

Meaning: this is a memory in which ‘swimming’ happened before

‘forget’

- Patrick forgot to go to football practice.

Meaning: this is an action that needed doing – ‘forgot’ happened

before ‘to go’

- Please stop talking

Meaning: end this action.

- Karen stopped to ask for directions.

Meaning: stop in order to do something else

- Sarah went on writing her novel.

Meaning: continued doing it.

- Joe went on to record another rock album.

Meaning: did something else later.

- We tried hitting it with a hammer but we couldn’t open it.

Meaning: did it in order to solve a problem.

- Sophie tried to save some money but she spent it all.

Meaning: attempted it/did her best.

UNIT #.2

☺ PAST TENSES
We use PAST CONTINUOUS to set the scene.

.-The birds were singing in the trees that morning

We use the PAST SIMPLE for actions or events that happened one
after the other.

.-Joanna walked down the road, turned left, then saw the house for
the first time.

We use the PAST PERFECT to talk about an event that happened

before another event in the past.

.-I wasn’t hungry because I had already eaten lunch.

☺ USED TO
We use USED TO + infinitive to describe past situations or habits
that are different now.

.- I used to live abroad.

.- I didn’t use to live abroad.

.- Did you used to live abroad?

☺ EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES
We use EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES beginning with WHAT or
HOW to react strongly to something. They always end with an
exclamatory mark.

We use HOW with an adjective.

.-HOW wonderful!

We use WHAT with a noun or an adjective followed by a noun. Notice

that we say WHAT A… with a countable noun and WHAT… with plural
or uncountable nouns.

.-WHAT a day! ~ WHAT a lonely person!

UNIT #.3

☺ DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

Defining relative clauses come immediately after a noun and give vital
information about that noun.
.- He’s the doctor who helped my grandmother

They can go in the middle or at the end of sentences.

.-The man who told me about this place was old.
.-I met the young who cuts your hair.

WHO (THAT)  PEOPLE

WHERE  PLACES
WHICH (THAT)  THINGS
WHOSE  POSSESSIONS
 ☺ NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLOUSES.

Non-defining relative clouses come immediately after a noun and give

extra information
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