FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY JUNE 2021

INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINEARTS

Primer: The Architect: An overview of what the architect and the profession is all about

The Architecture Profession: Past and Present

The Early Forms of Architecture Education
Before the Spaniards set foot in the Philippines, the early Filipinos were civilized and cultured with most natives can read
and write having a unique system of writing and language. Pigafetta recognizes sense of order in the society in a form of
simple government system, the barangay. The builder of ethnic houses has no formal training, but they collected their skills
and knowledge of materials, site selection, methods of construction and other cultural beliefs from the elders and masters
of the community. Thus, early Filipino builders were trained through master-apprentice relations.
Though early Filipinos have a system of learning the crafts, the Spaniards still sees the absence of systematic education
plan and augments the deficiency through establishment of Escuela Practica y Professional de Artes y oficios de Manila.
Spanish Era
The closest title given to a Filipino practicing the profession is Maestro de Obra. The Escuela Practica y Professional de
Artes Oficios de Manila was the first school for Maestro de Obra and founded by the Spanish government in 1890. During
this period, there are two types of Maestro de Obras; the Maestro de Obras – Academico, those who finished the academe,
and Maestro de Obras – Practico, a title and license given by the Ayuntamiento de Manila for those who acquired their
expertise through practical experience. The first Filipino graduates were Julio Hernandez (1891), Isidro Medina
(1894), Arcadio Arellano (1894) and Juan Carreon (1896) (ret. From UAP History).
However, Felix Roxas y Arroyo was considered as the first Filipino Architect. He was schooled at London and began his
practice in 1858. He was later employed by the Spanish government as Municipal Architect of Manila in 1877-1880. His
notable work is the Ayuntamiento de Manila and Sto. Domingo Church inside Intramuros, both destroyed during the Battle
of Manila in World War II.
The Formation of Organizations
The first organization of architects was formed together with the surveyors in 1902. It is called Academia de Arquitectura y
Agremensura de Filipinas. (AAAF). The organization was headed by Guillermo Gardiner (Maestro de Obras and Surveyor)
as President; Arcadio Arellano (Maestro de Obras and Surveyor) as vice President, Jose Perez Siguereza, (Surveyor)
Secretary, Tomas Arguelles (Maestro de Obras – Surveyor) and Jose Paras (Maestro de Obras – Surveyor) as Directors.
The organization was transformed in 1903 and was called the Academia de Arquitectura, Ingenieria y Agremnsura de
Filipinas (AIAAF). The AIAAF promulgated the first standards of professional practice for the practice of civil engineering
and architecture, known as the Tarifa de Honorios. The Tarifa de Honorios was patterned from the AIA documents.
In 1921, the founding of architecture as a profession in the Philippines was formalized through Philippine Assembly Act
2985: An Act to Regulate the Practice of the Professions of Engineers and Architect. It was signed into law on February 23,
1921. The law created the following:

• Separation of Board of Examiners for Architecture and Civil Engineering

• Allowed practicing Maestro de Obras to be automatically registered as Architects. The following architects
graduated architecture in abroad and was given the first 3 number of licenses:
o Tomas Mapua (number 1)
o Carlos Barreto (number 2)
o Antonio Toledo (number 3)
The organization was transformed again in 1933 as the Philippine Architects’ Society with Don Juan Nakpil as president,
Tomas Mapua as Vice president, Harold Keyes as Secretary-Treasurer, Carlos Baretto and Fernando Ocampo as
Directors. Similarly, to the Tarifa de Honorios, it was patterned again to American Institute of Architects. In 1938, the society
drafted Bill No. 1850 proposing to separate the law for architecture and engineering. It was approved in the second reading
by the national assembly.

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The PAS National Convention in 1941 was celebrated with messeges from Manuel L. Quezon, speeches from Vice
President Sergio Osmena. Professional Services was promulgated and architects in the government service are now
allowed to become members of PAS. The likes of Juan Arellano, Antonio Toledo and Elias Ruiz joined the society.
After the World War 2 end in 1945, the Philippine Architect’s Society re-organized. It was renamed to Philippine Institute of
Architects and Planners (PIAP) which was later changed to the Philippine Institute of Architects (PIA) by a Resolution
presented by Carlos da Silva.
In 1948, PIA presented to the President of the Philippines Elpidio Quirino a resolution offering professional services of its
members to the government to assist in the preparation of plans for public works projects under the War Damage
Commission.
A group of members of the PIA incorporated as United Architects, Inc. as a corporate body so that the members of the
Institute composed of selected members can enter into Agreement with the Department of National Defense on the Design
of the Veteran’s Memorial Hospital. However this much sought of project was awarded to another group of architects and
engineers.
At about this time 15 members of PIA formed another organization: The League of Philippine Architects (LPA) headed by
eminent architects of the time – Pablo S. Antonio, Antonio V. Bañas, Pablo D. Panlilio, Jose L. Reynoso and Elias L. Ruiz
– the splinter group elected the much younger Jose V. Herrera as its first president.
In 1947, the first Architectural Exhibition was held at the lobby of the Consolidated Investment Building at Plaza Goiti as
part of the 3-day PIA Annual Convention, which was held at the Manila Hotel. The highlight of the Convention was in the
Convention’s Honor Dinner wherein the first Architect of the country Carlos Barretto, one of the founders of PAS and
surviving member of AAIF, was elevated as PIA Fellow.
In 1948, Congress enacted Republic Act No. 472, amending Administrative Code, Section 1901, which legalized the
awarding of the design of public works and buildings to private architects and engineers, which may be considered as the
magna carta of the practice of private architects against bureaucratic architecture and engineering.
In 1949 the Law which separates the statutes of the Architects from the Engineers was passed as Republic Act No. 544 and
Republic Act No. 545 (R.A. 545 has been repealed as R.A. 9266, as R.A. 544 still governs).
In 1950, the first Gold Medal Award for a Filipino Architect was given to Andres Luna de San Pedro for the famous “Crystal
Arcade “
In 1951, the Standards of Professional Practice prepared by the PIA was printed and released.
In 1954, during the 96th Anniversary of the American Institute of Architects, Carlos da Silva was honored as AIA Honorary
Member, which was a recognition and honor to the Filipino Architect by the American Architects.
On January 23, 1957, the Philippine Institute of Architects was officially admitted as the National Section of the Union
Internationale Des Architects (UIA).
In 1957 through the initiative of the PIA Committee on Professional Practice, PIA and LPA had joint meetings to reach an
agreement on the Standard Schedule of Fees. This was an effort for the two organizations to be as one.
In 1958, the Architects employed in the government formed themselves into another organization: Association of Philippine
Government Architects (APGA).
The Philippine Council of Architects (1962) was a short-lived organization of, LPA and APGA, which eventually became, in
1962, the Council of Filipino Architects (CFA), conceived to be the umbrella organization under which the three societies
would come under one banner. PIA did not affiliate to the CFA.
In 1965, APGA, LPA and PIA unanimously approved the Architects’ National Code, the Architects’ Services and Schedule
of Fees which were later approved by the Board of Examiners for Architects.

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Unifications of the Organizations

In April 1973, the LPA President Arch. Edilberto Florentino invited PIA President Ariston Nakpil to a meeting which started
a series of conferences between the two organizations and eventually with Deogracias Atienza, APGA President. This
culminated to the formation of the Panel of Negotiators.
On June 1973 President Ferdinand Marcos issued PD 223 creating the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) for the
purpose of regulating the practice of all professions.
On September 4, 1973 – after a long span of time, enough to heal the bruised knuckles and egos of the members of the
three organizations, the Panel of Negotiators after the approval of each of the Boards of the 3 Organizations signed the Joint
Comunique defining the principles and guidelines of the Integration of the three Organizations headed by the incumbent
Presidents.
On October 13, the Council of Filipino Architects endorsed the integration move, while the Panel of Negotiators formally
communicated with the Board of Architecture on the proposed integration on October 24, 1973.
On December 9-10, the Architecture Week was jointly celebrated by APGA-LPA-PIA, highlighted on December 10, by the
passing of the Joint Board Resolution of Integration of PIA, LPA and APGA. This Joint Resolution was ratified without
objection in a joint general assembly on December 16, 1973 at the Architectural Center in Makati.
The Joint Board Resolution laid down the objectives and concepts of the integration and created the Ad-Hoc Commission
to implement the terms of integration and to prepare the constitution and bylaws of the proposed organization.
On January 1, 1974, the Ad-Hoc Commission assumed its function and formulated the Constitution and By-Laws of the
proposed new organization, which was approved on December 19, and ratified by the membership of APGA, LPA, and PIA
on January 15, 1974. After a thorough analysis, review, and evaluation, many drawn to the name United Architects of the
Philippines and was chosen because it directly expressed the central concept on which the organization was
founded: unity. On December 12, 1974, after the Ad-hoc Commission completed its task, the Boards of all three founding
organizations unanimously approved the Constitution and By-Laws of the United Architects of the Philippines. On March
26, 1975, UAP was incorporated and was registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission with Registration No.
60782 and on May 12, the Professional Regulation Commission with Architect Eric Nubla as the first Commissioner, issued
Certificate No. 001 to UAP as the duly accredited professional organization of architects in the Philippines.
Meanwhile, a group of PIA members led by Adolfo Benavides and some members of the Board of the PIA, did not choose
to become members of the United Architects of the Philippines. PIA did not dissolve. Some members, while registered as
members of UAP remained as members of PIA. Until came a time, during the presidency of Felipe Mendoza, UAP has
drafted a Board Resolution, and later became part of the Bylaws of UAP, dual membership to UAP and PIA was not
allowed. This led to the existence of PIA as another separate Professional Organization.
In 1976, UAP became one of the founding members of the Philippine Federation of Professional Organizations (PFPA, the
Philippine Technological Council (PTC), and the Philippine Council for Planning and Housing (PCPH).
In 1979, UAP became one of the founding members of the Architects Regional Council of Asia. In 1988 UAP became the
National Section of UIA.
Important Issues and Concerns
Conflict between Architects and Civil Engineers Timeline by Ar. Armando Alli

• At the end of World War II in 1945, there were approximately 300 Architects (Ars) and 1,800 Civil Engineers (CEs)
who were tasked to help in reconstruction of the war-ravaged country;
• CEs and Ars practiced under one (1) law before June 1950, when Congress passed 2 laws R.A. No. 544 for the
CEs and R.A. No. 545 for the Architects;
• In June 0f 1956, amendments further distinguishing the 2 professions were again passed by Congress i.e. R.A.
No. 1581 for the Architects and R.A. No. 1582 for the CEs; from the 1950s up to the late 1970s, all CEs desirous

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of entering the practice of Architecture in the Ph had to finish a B.S. Architecture program and pass the licensure
examination for Architects;
• In February 1977, Pres. Marcos signed into law P.D. No. 1096, the 1977 National Building Code of the Ph; there
was NOTHING said in Sec. 302 of said law about ARCHITECTURAL documents or which State-regulated
professional shall sign and seal such documents; however, in some versions of the the implementing rules and
regulations (IRRs) of said law, the Sec. 302 appeared to state that CEs can sign and seal ARCHITECTURAL
documents (which is an ILLEGAL intercalation of or insertion into the text of Sec. 302 of the law, which was fully
INCONSISTENT with the law);
• In the early 1980s, Architects led by then Batasan Member, Ar Rupert Gaite and the leading lights of the then
United Architects of the Ph (UAP) initiated a campaign to fully disseminate public information on the practice of
architecture in the Ph;
• In 2003, the then UAP entered into an agreement with the Ph Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE) to support each
other’s legislative initiatives and to finally and fully segregate the 2 practices of Architects and CEs; the Architects
were also to give up structural design and the CEs were to give up architectural design;
• Through sheer diligence of the Ars (particularly the efforts exerted by the other associations of architects or OAAs
i.e. the Ph Institute of Architects or PIA at the Lower House and the Architecture Advocacy International Foundation
or AAIF at the Senate, with both in critical collaboration with the then UAP), the new architecture law, R.A. No.
9266 was passed and took effect 10 April 2004; the Architects shall be the sole professionals with the exclusive
privilege to prepare, sign and seal ARCHITECTURAL documents; as borne by Congressional records (particularly
at the Senate and at the bi-cameral conference committee hearings), the representatives of the PICE and its
member organization, the ASEP took a very active part in the crafting of that new law;
• In mid-2004, the PICE caused the filing of a bill in Congress seeking to make the CEs the prime professional for
buildings; feeling betrayed, some Architects (led by the AAIF) actively engaged the CEs in print media to distinguish
the 2 professional practices; in late 2004, the IRR of R.A. No. 9266 was published, defining ARCHITECTURAL
documents;
• In late 2004, the Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096, the 1977 NBCP was promulgated by the DPWH; the CEs were
very well represented in the crafting of said IRR, which echoed the provisions of the new architecture law, R.A. No.
9266 i.e. that only Ars shall sign and seal ARCHITECTURAL documents (also defined in the IRR);
• In January 2005, the AAIF led the Architects in defeating the 2004 bill filed by the CEs in Congress; the CE bill
was thereafter archived; in April 2005, the DPWH published thrice the 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096, the
1977 NBCP, stating that only Architects shall sign and seal ARCHITECTURAL documents; in May 2005, the PICE
sued the then DPWH Secretary over the issue of ARCHITECTURAL documents; by August 2005, the UAP
intervened in the case (now pending before the Supreme Court/ SC);
• In 2007, the then newly reconstituted Professional Regulatory Board of Architecture (PRBoA) commenced its
active campaign against the perceived illegal practitioners of the architecture profession in the Ph, including the
CEs; the PICE countered by suing the PRBoA Acting Chair in civil court;
• In 2009, the RTC Manila ruled in favor of the Architects in the 2005 case filed by the PICE vs. the DPWH Secretary,
with the UAP as Intervenor; in Sep 2009, the PRBoA fled 2 complaints at the Office of the Ombudsman (already
consolidated) vs. the then DPWH Secretary, 1 Senior DPWH Usec, I DPWH Usec, the PICE and the publisher of
a popular commercial (but intercalated) version of P.D. No. 1096 and its 2004 Revised IRR;
• In 2010, the PICE again sued the PRBoA Acting Chair at the Office of the Ombudsman (already twice dismissed
by the Office of the Ombudsman); in mid-2010, the very same archived 2004 CE bill (making the CEs the prime
professional for buildings) was resurrected at the Senate; again, the Architects came in droves to defeat the bill,
which was again archived;
• In January 2012, the Court of Appeals (CA) ruled in favor of the PICE in the 2005 case it filed vs. the then DPWH
Secretary, with the UAP as Intervenor; the UAP appealed the decision at the SC;
• In 2014 and 2015, Congress started hearing the new bills filed by both the Architects and the CEs in Congress;
based on the initial reading of the bills, the Architects mainly seek to restore the portions of architectural practice
(including limited structural design) lost through past legislation and to define the practice consistent with worldwide
practices.

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The Architect and the Law

The Virtues and Values of an Architect
The Virtues of an Architect - MARCUS VITRUVIUS POLLIO
May the Architect be high-minded; not arrogant, but faithful; Just, and easy to deal with, without avarice; Not let his mind be
occupied in receiving gifts but let him preserve his good name with dignity.
The Value of The Architect
The Architect creates man’s environment through his awareness and sensitive handling of spaces that fit the scale of human
experience. The resulting quality of the form-envelope manifested as a structure or building gives rise to man’s appreciation
of beauty and order in his physical world.
The Architects’ deliberation determine how people will be placed in relationship one to another, how whole societies will
work, play, eat, sleep, recreate, travel, worship, or in short how people will live in consonance with their culture and national
aspirations. His objective is to bring order to man’s environment to cause it to function properly within a structure that is safe
and healthful and to impart to the whole a beauty and distinction that is appropriate to our time.
His objective is to bring order to man’s environment to cause it to function properly within a structure that is safe and healthful
and to impart to the whole a beauty and distinction that is appropriate to our time
Spectrum of the Architect’s Services
The spectrum of the Architect’s services extends over the entire range of activities that proceed from the time the idea is
conceived, perfected, transformed into sets of space/ design requirements, translated into structure through design, built,
used and become a permanent feature of the man-made environment.
The Architect’s services consist of the necessary conferences, deliberations, discussions, evaluations, investigations,
consultations, advice on matters affecting the scientific, aesthetic and orderly coordination of all the processes of
safeguarding life, health, and property which enter into the production of different levels and sophistication of man-made
structures and environment.
The Architect, in the process of translating abstract ideas into meaningful concrete terms, produces documents in the form
of a data base report, an architectural program, a feasibility study, a market study, an appraisal report, an impact analysis
report, a space-organizational setup report, a site planning analysis and evaluation report, an operational programming
report, building programming and scheduling report.
A complete and detailed documentation of construction or erection drawings is prepared consisting of the architectural
plans, the structural plans, the electrical plans, the plumbing/sanitary plans, the mechanical/ air conditioning plans, the civil
work plans, the technical specifications and the other bid documents.
Aside from these, the Architect can prepare the post construction management documents, the operating manual, the
maintenance manual and other forms of written and graphical documentations necessary for the effective and efficient
functioning of the man-made structures and environment.
An appreciation of this scope of services of the Architect will bring into focus the crucial role that the Architect assumes in
the realization of abstract ideas into tangible and meaningful terms.
Between abstract ideas and the physical world, stands the Architect.
The entire range of the Architect’s services are divided into SEVEN (7) major services as follows :
1) Pre-Design Services
2) Design Services
3) Specialized Allied Services
4) Construction Services

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5) Post Construction Services

6) Comprehensive Architectural Services
7) Design-Build Services
Each of these SEVEN (7) major services can be contracted separately to the Architect depending upon the desire and
needs of the Client. The terms and conditions for the delivery of the SEVEN (7) major services are stipulated in several UAP
Documents.
The Architect’s Role in Society
THE ARCHITECT'S RESPONSIBILITIES IN RELATION TO THE PEOPLE
Relations with the Public. - The Architect is engaged in a profession which carries with it civic responsibilities towards the
public, whether such responsibilities are the natural outcome of good citizenship or of his/her professional pursuit, or whether
they partake of informative and educational matters or of his/her normal interest in public welfare; and, accordingly, he or
she

• shall respect and help conserve the systems of values and the natural, historic, and cultural heritage of the
community in which he/she creates architecture. He/she shall strive to improve the environment and the life and
habitat within it in a sustainable manner, fully mindful of the effect of his/her work on the widest interests of all
those who may reasonably be expected to use the product of his/her work.
• shall promote the interest of his/her professional organization and do his/her full part of the work to enhance the
objectives and services of the organization. He/she should share in the interchange of technical information and
experience with the other design professions and the construction industry.
• as a good citizen shall abide by and observe the laws and regulations of the the government and comply with the
Code of Ethical Conduct and the Standards of Professional Practice. He/she shall at all times endeavor to properly
observe the laws on the practice of architecture and on the planning and design of buildings and their environs.
He/she shall at no time act in a manner detrimental to the best interest of the architectural profession.
• shall not use paid advertisement, nor use self-laudatory, exaggerated, or misleading publicity. However, he/she
may, in the context of advancing public knowledge of the Architect’s function in society, as well as of architecture
itself, opt to write books, be a regular columnist of a publication, or be a contributor to the preparation of any other
literature, or activelv participate in any forum, seminar, workshop, or similar assemblies through verbal or visual
presentations and, in the process, show his/her own true worth as a professional, in which case he/she may receive
remuneration or honorarium for such undertakings.
• shall not solicit, nor permit to solicit, in his/her name, advertisements or other support towards the cost of any
publication presenting his/her work. He/she shall refrain from taking part in paid advertisement endorsing any
materials of construction or building equipment.
• shall not deceive the public as to his/her professional competence, nor claim any professional specialization unless
supported by academic qualification, track record or relevant expertise, professional resources available to him/her
which will enable him/her to handle the work particularly requiring such specialization and sanction, by his/her
peers in the profession.
• may exhibit his/her professional shingle outside his/her office, or display a project billboard indicating relevant
information, which may include pictorial reproduction thereof, in a modest manner.
THE ARCHITECT'S RESPONSIBILITIES IN RELATION TO HIS/HER CLIENT
Relations with the Client. - The Architect's relation to his/her Client is dependent upon good faith. To ensure the continued
existence of such state of good relationship, the Architect's position carries with it certain moral obligations to his/her Client
and to himself/herself. The Architect shall always endeavor to protect the Client's interests but never at the expense of
higher public interests and public welfare; and, accordingly, he/she

• shall introduce to a prospective Client the professional services he/she is able to perform provided it is limited to
the presentation of examples of his/her professional-experience and does not entail the offering of free preliminary
sketches or other services without the benefit of an agreement with the Client for legitimate compensation.

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• shall acquaint or ascertain from the Client, at the very inception of their business relationship, the exact nature and
scope of his/her services and properly inform the Client of the corresponding professional fees.
• shall advise a Client against proceeding with any project whose practicability may be questionable due to financial
or legal important and/or exigent conditions, even if such advice may mean the loss of a prospective commission
to the Architect.
• shall explain the conditional character of estimates and in no case shall he/she guarantee any estimates or cost of
the work in order to secure a commission, unless provided for by law, as in certain government projects.
• shall consider the needs and stipulation of his/her Client and the effects of his/her work upon the life and well-being
of the public and the community as a whole and shall endeavor to meet the aesthetic and functional requirements
of the project commensurate with the Client's budget.
• shall bill his/her Client for services rendered a professional fee commensurate with the work involved and with
his/her professional standing and experience based upon the Basic Minimum Fee prescribed under the. "Standards
of Professional Practice."
• shall undertake the construction of a project even when the plans were prepared bv him/her when it conforms with
pertinent sections of the "Standards of Professional Practice".
• shall be compensated for his/her services solely through his/her professional fee billed directly to the Client. He/she
shall not ask for any other returns in whatever form from any interested source other than the Client.
• shall be free in his/her investments and business relations outside of his/her profession from any financial or
personal interests which tend to weaker his/her standing as an unprejudiced and honest adviser, free to act in
his/her Client's best interests. If the Architect has any other business interest's which would relate to, or affect the
interest of the Client, he/she should inform the Client of such a condition or situation.
• shall include in his/her agreement with the Client a clause providing for negotiation, mediation/conciliation and/or
arbitration as alternative methods for the settlement of disputes.
• shall carry out his/her professional work without undue delay and within an agreed reasonable time limit.
• shall keep the Client informed at all times of the progress of the work undertaken on the Client's behalf and of any
issue that may affect project quality and cost.
THE ARCHITECT'S RESPONSIBILITIES IN RELATION TO THE CONTRACTOR
Relations with Contractor. - The Contractor depends upon the Architect to safeguard fairly the Contractor's interest as well
as those of the Client; and, accordingly he or she

• shall give the Contractor every reasonable assistance to enable him/her to fully understand the contents of the
Contract Documents by furnishing clear, definite, and consistent information in all pertinent contract documents to
avoid unnecessary mistakes that may involve extra costs to either the Contractor or the Client.
• shall not knowingly call upon the Contractor to correct or remedy oversights or errors in the Contract Document to
the Contractor's or the Owner's financial disadvantage.
• shall, immediately upon his/her personal knowledge and inspection, reject or condemn material, equipment, or
workmanship which is not in conformity with the Contract Documents in order not to cause unnecessary delay and
additional expense to the Contractor.
• shall reject any offer of free professional engineering or allied design service/s, or receive any substantial aid, gifts,
commissions, or favors from any Contractor or Subcontractor which will tend to place him/her under any kind of
obligation to return such favors.
• shall promptly inspect each phase of the work completed and if found according to the terms of the Contract
Documents, issue the corresponding Certificates of Payment and the Final Certificate of Completion, respectively,
to the Contractor.
THE ARCHITECT'S RESPONSIBILITIES IN RELATION TO MANUFACTURERS, DEALERS, AND AGENTS
Relations with Manufacturers, Dealers, and Agents. - An exchange of technical information between the Architect and those
who manufacture, supply, and handle building materials or equipment is necessary and, therefore, encouraged and
commended, provided that: he/she

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• shall not solicit free professional engineering/allied design or other technical services from manufacturers or
suppliers of building materials or equipment when these are accompanied by an obligation detrimental to the best
interest of the Client, or which may adversely affect the Architect's professional opinion.
• shall not seek commissions, discounts, fees, gifts, or favors from agents or firms handling building materials or
equipment which may place him/her in a reciprocal frame of mind. All market discounts shall be credited to the
Client.
THE ARCHITECT'S RESPONSIBILITIES IN RELATION TO HIS/HER COLLEAGUES AND SUBORDINATES
Relations with his/her colleagues and subordinates (his/her big and small brothers/sisters). - The Architect has moral
responsibilities towards his/her profession, his/her colleagues, and his/her subordinates; and, accordingly, he or she

• shall not render professional services without a professional service agreement. He/she shall neither offer nor
provide preliminary services on a conditional basis prior to definite agreement with the Client for the commission
of the project.
• shall abide by the Basic Minimum Fee prescribed under the "Standards of Professional Practice". He/she shall not
use donation of professional services as a device for obtaining competitive advantage except for worthy civic or
religious projects. Neither shall he/she submit solicited or unsolicited sketches or drawings in competition with other
Architects unless such competitive arrangements are conducted substantially under the terms of me Architectural
Competition Code.
• shall not, in any case, enter as competitor in any Architectural Competition when he/she has direct involvement in
the formulation of the Program thereof, or when he/she has been engaged to act as Professional Adviser or Juror
for such competition. Neither shall the Architect accept and act as professional adviser or juror in any architectural
competition when he/she has had any information or has reviewed or assisted in the preparation of such
competition. Nor shall be retained as a professional adviser in a competition, accept employment as an Architect
for the competition project, except as Consulting Architect.
• shall not, under any circumstances or through any means, solicit any project already known to him/her as previously
committed to another Architect, whether such a commitment is still in the process of negotiation or has already
been definitely agreed upon.
• shall not undertake a commission for which he/she knows that another Architect has been previously employed
unless he/she notifies me other Architect of the fact in writing and has conclusively determined that the original
employment has been terminated and duly compensated for.
• shall not undertake a commission for additions, rehabilitation, or remodeling of any erected structure undertaken
previously by another Architect without duly notifying him of the contemplated project even when the Client/Owner
is no longer the same. When the greater mass, area, or design of the original structure is substantially maintained,
the new Architect should limit his/her advertisement or claim only to the extent of the specific work he/she has
done to me structure. Whenever the nature of work involved examples of our architectural heritage, the Architect
must look at all possibilities of restoration.
• shall not maliciously, or unfairly criticize, or discredit another Architect or the latter's work.
• shall refrain from associating himself/herself with, or allowing the use of his/her name by any enterprise that may
negatively affect himself/herself or the architectural profession.
• shall not affix his/her signature and seal to any plans or professional documents prepared by other persons or
entities and not done under his/her direct personal supervision.
• shall provide employees and subordinates with a suitable work environment, compensate them fairly, and facilitate
their professional advancement. He/she shall tutor and mentor the young aspirants towards the ideals, functions,
duties, and responsibilities leading to the ethical practice of the architectural profession.
• shall unselfishly give his/her share in the transfer of technical knowledge and experience to his/her colleagues and
young aspirants and do his/her part in fostering unity in the furtherance of the profession.
• shall unselfishly give his/her time and effort to the advancement of the profession thru his/her active and personal
commitment and involvement with the Integrated and Accredited Professional Organization of Architects (IAPOA)
and in undertaking specific advocacy work to ultimately benefit the architectural profession.

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 FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY JUNE 2021
INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINEARTS

• shall ensure that the conduct of his/her professional practice abides by appropriate and effective internal
procedures, including monitoring and review processes, as well as sufficient qualified and supervised staff to
enable the firm to function efficiently.
• shall neither appropriate the intellectual property of, nor unduly take advantage of the ideas of another architect
without express authority from the originating architect.
• shall build his/her professional reputation on the merits of his/her own service and performance and shall strive to
continuously update his/her professional know-how. He/she shall recognize and give credit to others for
professional work performed.
• shall not, when offering services as an independent consultant, quote a fee without first receiving an official
invitation for him/her to do so. The Architect must have sufficient information on the nature and scope of the project
to enable him/her to prepare a fee proposal clearly indicating the services covered by the fee in order to protect
the Client and the public from under-resourcing or under-pricing by some unscrupulous parties.
• shall not undertake professional work unless the parties shall have clearly agreed in writing to the terms of the
architectural commission, to wit:
o scope of work,
o delineation of responsibilities,
o any limitation of responsibilities,
o fee or method of calculating it,
o mode of alternative dispute resolution, and
o any provision for termination.
• shall continue to raise the standards of aesthetic excellence, functional logic, architectural education, research,
training, and practice.
• 7.19 shall, as appropriate, promote the allied arts and contribute to the knowledge and capability of the construction
industry.
• 7.20 if he/she possesses substantial information which leads to n reasonable belief that another Architect has
committed a violation of this Code, shall file a formal complaint with the designated body.
• 7.21 if he/she is leaving his/her Architect-Employer shall not, without the permission of the latter, take with him/her
designs, drawings, data, or other relevant materials even if personally performed by him/her. On the other hand,
the Architect-Employer shall not unreasonably withhold such permission, except when some confidentiality of any
such documents must be reasonably protected.
• 7.22 shall not discriminate on grounds of race, national origin, age, gender, marital status, religion, or any disability
which would hinder the performance of his/her professional work.

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